Modals and

Uses of Words
to Express
Evaluation
Learning Objectives
Use modals in expressing
01 permission, obligation, prohibition,
and expressing evaluation

Construct sentences using

02 the appropriate modals

Apply the correct modals in

03 different real-life situations
WHAT IS
MODALS?
What is modals?
A modal is a type of
auxiliary verb that is
used to expressed
ability, possibility,
permission or
What is modals?
Modal verbs include
can, must, may,
might, will, shall,
would, should and
could.
What is modals?
They are used with other
verbs to express ability,
obligation, possibility, and
so on. Below is a list
showing the most useful
modals and their most
common meanings:
MODAL MEANING EXAMPLE
MODAL MEANING EXAMPLE
FUNCTIONS
OF MODALS
 1. Expressing
Permission
• "Can I go now?" (informal)
• "May I leave early?"
(formal)
• "Could I borrow your
book?" (polite)
 2. Expressing
Obligation
• "You must submit your project
on time."
• "We have to follow the safety
protocols."
• You should attend the meeting
tomorrow."
 3. Expressing
Prohibition
• "You must not use your
phone during the exam."
• "You cannot park here."
• "Children mustn’t play
near the road."
 4. Expressing Ability
• "I can swim across the
river."
• "She could play the
piano when she was
five."
 5. Expressing
Evaluation
• "He must be very tired
after working all day."
• "She might be the best
candidate for the job."
 RULES FOR
USING MODALS
 RULES FOR USING
MODALS
• Modals are always followed by the
base form of the verb (e.g., "She must
go," not "She must to go")
• Modals do not change form based on
subject (e.g., "He can dance" not "He
cans dance")
• Negative forms are created by adding
"not" (e.g., "You must not be late").
 EXAMPLES IN
CONVERSATION
Example 1: Asking for Permission

Student: "May I use the restroom?"

Teacher: "Yes, you may. But come
back quickly."
 EXAMPLES IN
CONVERSATION
Example 2: Giving Advice

Friend 1: "I feel sick but I don’t want

to see a doctor."
Friend 2: "You should see a doctor to
make sure you’re okay."
 EXAMPLES IN
CONVERSATION
Example 3: Expressing Prohibition

Security Guard: "You must not enter

without an ID."
Visitor: "I understand. I will return
with my ID."
modal words
 CAN
It can express
ideas such as
ability, possibility,
and polite request.
EXAMPLES:

1. Lucas can play the flute well.

(Ability)
2. She can speak French. (Ability)

3. He can come in now. (possibility)

4. Can you lend me your pen, please?

(polite request)
 COULD
It can express
ideas such as
possibility, polite
request and
EXAMPLES:

1. Extreme rain could cause the river

to flood the city. (possibility)
2. We could go to an ice- cream parlor
or go home and watch movies.
(suggestion)

3. Could I use your cellphone for a

while? (Polite request)
 MAY
It can express
ideas such as
asking formal
permission.
EXAMPLES:

1. May I speak with you?

2. You may not go out.

3. May he leave the room with me?

4. Yes, he may leave the room with

you.
 MIGH
T
It can express
ideas such as
asking permission
and possibility.
EXAMPLES:

1. I might order vegetable for dinner.

2. Your backpack might be under the

table.

3. You might go to Palawan during

your visit.

4. I might not attend the reunion.

 MUST
It can express ideas
such as strong
necessity or
prohibition.
EXAMPLES
:
1. The team must be done with their
project by Tuesday.
2. We must not violate the traffic rules.
3. She must be sick. She never gets
late to school.

4. Student must pass the entrance

examination.
 SHAL
L
It can express
ideas such as
suggestion or
promises.
EXAMPLES
:
1. Shall we join Jeremiah in cleaning
the garage?

2. I shall never leave your side.

3. She shall become our next queen.

 WILL
It can express
ideas such as
prediction, polite
request.
EXAMPLES
:
1. I will call you later.

2. Will you please prepare the bed for

me?
3. Catherine will not win the class
elections.
4. I love this shirt! I will take it.
 SHOUL
D ideas
It can express
such as giving
advices, show
prediction or
expectation.
EXAMPLES
:
1. Should I call the nurse for help?

2. I should not be confident with my

ability.

3. You should be writing.

4. You should focus more in your

assignment.
 TAKE
• Modals are essential in daily
NOTE!!!
communication.
• They help express different
meanings like permission, obligation,
and prohibition.
• Using modals correctly makes
conversations clearer and more
polite.
Direction: Put the words in correct order to
make statements or questions.
Ex. Here – not - you- park – must
You must not park here.

1. I – ask – may – her ?

2. feel – it – they – can ?
3. round – she – the corner – be –
must.
4. could – taken – have- flight – the –
he.
5. but – win – the – game – this – doubt
– I – it – team – might.
Direction: Choose the correct option.
1. I ______ ride a bike. I always fall off.
A. may not
B. can’t
C. don’t have to
2. You look sick, you ________ see a
doctor.
A. should
B. can
C. may
3. Students _______ take exams twice a
year.
A. can
B. must
C. may
4. Sorry, I ___________ come yesterday.
A. didn’t have to
B. could not
C. might not

5. One _______ move with the times.

A. must
B. may
C. could
ANSKER KEY!
1. I – ask – may – her ? May I ask her?
2. feel – it – they – Can they feel it?
can ?
3. round – she – the She must be round
corner – be – must. the corner.
4. could – taken – have- He could have taken
flight – the – he. the flight.
5. but – win – the –
This team might
game – this – doubt
win the game, but I
– I – it – team –
doubt it.
might.
Direction: Choose the correct
option.
1. I ______ ride a bike. I always fall off.
A. may not
B. can’t
C. don’t have to
2. You look sick, you ________ see a
doctor.
A. should
B. can
C. may
3. Students _______ take exams twice a
year.
A. can
B. must
C. may
4. Sorry, I ___________ come yesterday.
A. didn’t have to
B. could not
C. might not

5. One _______ move with the times.

A. must
B. may
C. could
 Thank you!
Prepared by: Nersy Princess Bongoyan