LESSON 1 and 2

NATURE OF INQUIRY AND RESEARCH

PRACTICAL RESEARCH1
 Intended Learning Outcomes
⚫ At the end of week 1, students should:
◦ Be able to share research experience and
knowledge
◦ Realize the importance of research in daily
life
◦ Know the characteristics, processes and
ethics of research
◦ Be able to differentiate quantitative
research qualitative research
◦ Be acquainted with examples of research
in different areas of interest
LET’S DO THIS!
ACTIVITY 1
⚫Form a group of 5 members
⚫Each will be given a word to be
discussed with your group mates
⚫You have 5 minutes for the
discussion
⚫Each group should have a
representative to discuss
⚫The representative of each group will
be given 3 minutes to share with the
class their brainstormed ideas.
WHAT IS INQUIRY?
⚫It is a learning process that
motivates you to obtain
knowledge or information about
people, things, places, or events
⚫You do this by investigating or
asking questions about
something you are inquisitive
about
⚫It is an active learning process
⚫ It is a learning process that motivates you to
obtain knowledge or information about
people, things, places, or events
⚫ You do this by investigating or asking
questions about something you are
inquisitive about
⚫ It is an active learning process
 Inquiring…
⚫Imagining
⚫Speculating
⚫Interpreting
⚫Criticizing
⚫Creating
Governing Principles or
Foundation of Inquiry
⚫John Dewey’s theory of
connected experiences for
exploratory and reflective
thinking
⚫Lev Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal
Development (ZPD)
⚫Jerome Bruner’s theory on
learners
 Benefits of Inquiry-Based
Learning
1. Elevates interpretative thinking
through graphic skills
2. Improves student learning
abilities
3. Widens learners’ vocabulary
4. Facilitates problem-solving acts
5. Increases social awareness and
cultural knowledge
6. Encourages cooperative learning
7. Provides mastery of procedural
knowledge
8. Encourages higher-order
thinking strategies
9. Hastens conceptual
understanding
LET’S DO THIS!
INDIVIDUAL WORK (20 mins)
⚫(this activity is worth 10 points)
⚫In a one whole sheet of paper,
pause for a moment and picture in
your mind the community you live
in
⚫Describe your community based on
your experiences in a day-to-day
basis
⚫What are your observations? Write
it in detail
LESSON 2
NATURE OF RESEACH
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
WHAT IS RESEARCH?
⚫Research requires you to inquire or
investigate about your chosen
research topic by asking questions
that will make yourself in top-level
thinking strategies of interpreting,
analyzing, synthesizing, criticizing,
appreciating or creating to enable
you to discover truths about the
many things you tend to wonder
about the topic of your research work
(Litchman, 2013)
⚫Research is analogous to inquiry
though more complicated
because it does not center mainly
on raising questions but also on
carrying out a particular order of
research stages.
⚫But similar to inquiry, research
involves cooperative learning
CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESEARCH
1. ACCURACY
--it must give correct or
accurate data, which the
footnotes, notes, and
bibliographical entries should
honestly and appropriately
documented or acknowledged
2. OBJECTIVENESS
-- it must deal with facts, not
with mere opinions arising from
assumptions, generalizations,
predictions, or conclusions
3. TIMELINESS
-- it must work on a topic that
is fresh, new, and interesting to
the present society
4. RELEVANCE
-- its topic must be
instrumental in improving society
or in solving problems affecting the
lives of people in a community
5. CLARITY
-- it must succeed in
expressing its central point or
discoveries by using simple, direct,
concise and correct language
6. SYSTEMATIC
-- it must take place in an
organized or orderly manner
PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
1. To learn how to work independently
2. To learn how to work scientifically or
systematically
3. To have an in-depth knowledge of
something
4. To elevate your mental abilities by
letting you think in higher-order
thinking strategies (HOTS) of
inferring, evaluating, synthesizing,
appreciating, applying, and creating
5. To improve your reading and
writing skills
6. To be familiar with the basic tools
of research and the various
techniques of gathering data and of
presenting research findings
7. To free yourself, to a certain
extent, from the domination or
strong influence of a single textbook
or from spoon feeding
SHORT VIDEO ON
“WHAT IS
RESEARCH?”
TYPES OF RESEARCH
BASED ON APPLICATION OF
RESEARCH METHOD
⚫Pure research – deals with
concepts, principles or abstract
things
⚫Applied research – research
applied to societal problems or
issues or finding ways to make
positive changes in society
BASED ON PURPOSE OF THE
RESEARCH
⚫Descriptive research – aims at
defining or giving a verbal
portrayal or picture of a person,
thing, event, group, situation,
etc.
⚫Correlational Research – shows
relationship or connectedness of
two factors, circumstances, or
agents called variables that
affect the research
⚫Explanatory Research – elaborates
or explains not just the reasons
behind the relationship of two
factors, but also the ways by which
such relationship exists.
⚫Exploratory Research – when the
purpose is to find out how
reasonable or possible it is to
conduct a research study on a
certain topic
⚫Action Research – studies an on
going practice of a school,
organization, community, or
institution for the purpose of
obtaining results that will bring
improvements in the system
BASED ON TYPES OF DATA
NEEDED
⚫Qualitative Research – requires
non-numerical data, which means
that the research uses words
rather than numbers to express
the results, the inquiry, or
investigation about people’s
thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views
and lifestyles regarding the
object of the study.
⚫Quantitative Research – involves
measurement of data. It presents
research findings referring to the
number or frequency of
something in numerical forms
(percentages, fractions, numbers)
⚫Primary Data – new and original
information obtained through
direct observation or contact with
people, objects, artifacts,
paintings, etc.
⚫Secondary data – data that have
already been written down or
reported and available for
reading purposes
APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
⚫Scientific or Positive Approach –
allows control of variables– uses
quantitative method in which you
discover and measure
information as well as observe
and control variables in an
impersonal manner
⚫Naturalistic Approach – uses
words that directs you to deal
with qualitative data that speak
of how people behave towards
their surroundings. These are
non-numerical data that express
truths about the way people
perceive or understand the world
`
⚫Triangulation Approach –
combining both the qualitative
and quantitative approaches that
would eventually lead to the third
approach.
ETHICS OF RESEARCH
1. The principle of voluntary
participation requires that people
not be coerced into participating in
research.
2. informed consent. Essentially,
this means that prospective
research participants must be fully
informed about the procedures and
risks involved in research and must
give their consent to participate.
3. Ethical standards also require that
researchers not put participants in a
situation where they might be at risk
of harm as a result of their
participation. Harm can be defined as
both physical and psychological.
4. Confidentiality -- they are assured
that identifying information will not be
made available to anyone who is not
directly involved in the study.
5. Anonymity essentially means
that the participant will remain
anonymous throughout the study
-- even to the researchers
themselves.
EXAMPLES OF RESEARCH
IN DIFFERENT
AREAS/DISCIPLINE
SCIENCE
⚫What happens to seeds if they
are kept at different
temperatures before they are
planted?
Source:
www.nsf.ac.lk/spd/.../Example
%20for%20a%20%20Simple
%20Science%20Research
SPORTS
⚫ “I Think It’s Going To Save Lives”
Sport Administrator Perspectives on
Youth Development Through Sport

Authors: Deb Agnew & Shane Pill

Corresponding Author:
Deb Agnew, PhD
GPO Box 2100
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 5001
deb.agnew@flinders.edu.au
+61 8 8201 3456
Source : http://thesportjournal.org/article/i-think-its-going-to-save-lives-sport-
administrator-perspectives-on-youth-development-through-sport/
ARTS AND HUMANITIES
⚫ Arts and Humanities Research in the Innovation
System: The UK Example

Hasan Bakhshi
Director of Creative Industries at the National Endowment
for Science, Technology and the Arts; Research Fellow,
ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and
Innovation at QUT, Australia; and Visiting Professor at City
University London
Philippe Schneider
Independent Researcher and Policy Analyst
Christopher Walker
Impact Analyst at the Arts and Humanities Research
Council, UK
Source:
http://cultural-science.org/journal/index.php/culturalscience/
article/view/26/104
BUSINESS
⚫A rewarding experience?
Exploring how crowdfunding is
affecting music industry business
models
Jordan Robert Gamblea, , ,
Michael Brennanb, ,
Rodney McAdam
Source :
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296316
304878
FISHERIES
⚫ Occurrence and impact of interactions
between small-scale fisheries and predators,
with focus on Mediterranean monk seals
(Monachus monachus Hermann 1779), around
Lipsi Island complex, Aegean Sea, Greece
Noelia Ríosa, b, , ,
Matija Drakulica,
Iosu Paradinasb,
Anastasia Millioua,
Ruth Coxc
Source : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165783616303411