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Mendelian and Non Mendelian Inheritance PDF

The document outlines the principles of Mendelian and Non-Mendelian inheritance, including key laws such as the principle of segregation and the law of independent assortment. It discusses types of Non-Mendelian inheritance, including incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance, and linked traits, with examples such as human blood groups and hemophilia. The objectives include understanding these inheritance types and applying Punnett squares to explain the concepts.

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Kristine jessa amila
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12 views13 pages

Mendelian and Non Mendelian Inheritance PDF

The document outlines the principles of Mendelian and Non-Mendelian inheritance, including key laws such as the principle of segregation and the law of independent assortment. It discusses types of Non-Mendelian inheritance, including incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles, polygenic inheritance, and linked traits, with examples such as human blood groups and hemophilia. The objectives include understanding these inheritance types and applying Punnett squares to explain the concepts.

Uploaded by

Kristine jessa amila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MENDELI

AN AND
NON-
MENDELI
AN
INHERITA
Objectives:
1. To be able to
understand the Principles
of the 2 types of
Inheritance.
2. To be able to enumerate
and understand the
classifications of each
types of the 2 Inheritance.
3. To be able to apply and
explain the Punette
squares from each laws
from Non Mendelian
Inheritance.
MENDELIAN
INHERITANCE
The process of genetic transmission of
traits from parents to offsrping is called
inheritance. It is also defined as the sum
of the characteristics genetiically
transmitted from parents to offspring.
Mendelian Inheritance is that which
follows Mendel’s law.
Mendel’s law are as
1.Principle of segregation: A given
follows:
pair of segregate randomly when
alleles
2.Law of independent assortment : Each
gametes.
pair of will assort independently
allleles
and randomly from every other pair
of alleles.
Non-Mendelian
Inheritance
While most pairings led to offspring with
geotype and phenotypic ratios that
matched those expected from Mendel’s
laws, some deviations were also found.
These natural deviations are examples of
non-Mendelian inheritance. There are two
types of natural deviations:

1.mendel’s laws do not apply at all: In this


type , both the genotypic and the
phenotypic ratios vary from those
expected from Mendel’s law. 2.Genotypic
ratio
laws is that
but expected from
the phenotypic ratiomendel’s
is not: In
this type, the underlying genotypic ratios
are somehow hidden.
Incomplete
Dominance
In this type of Non- Mendelian
Inheritance, the genotypic ratios
are those expected from
Mendel’s laws but the
phenotypic ratios are not.
The heterozygotes have a
different phenotypes are
compared to the homozygotes.
There appears to be blending of
the parental phenotypes in the
heterozygotes.
2. Codominance
Codominance is the phenomenon in which
both alleles of a gene pair are expressed in
the phenotype of the organism.

Codominance is best explained using an


example . the most common instance of
codominance is the genetic coding of human
blood groups . Human blood group
phenotypes are controlled by genes that
have three different allelic forms: Ia , Ib and
i. The Ia and Ib alleles are codominant while
the
Thei possible
allele is recessive .
genotype/phenotype
combinations are : IA IA/ type A, IB IB /type
B, IAIB/type AB and ii/type O. This is because
that IA allele codes for A antigens on the
surfaces of the red blood cells, IB codes for B
antigens on the surfaces of the red blood
3. Multiple
alleles?
Polygenic
This is the phenomenon by which a
single trait is controlled by multiple
Inheritance
alleles and has many possible
phenotypes. Traits that are passed
down in this manner are also under
the influence of environemental
factors such as photoperiod and
duration of day etc.
some common examples of this
type of inheritance are human
blood groups ( which has been
outlined earlier), height and eye
color in humans and fur color in
4. Linked Traits
Traits passed down by this method of inheritance are
those coded by genes which are located close to each
other on the same chromosome. This is due to genetic
linkage.
Genetic linkage is defined as the tendency of DNA
sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be
inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual
reproduction.
A very common instance of linked traits is the
combination of red hair, fair skin and freckles in
humans.
Hemop
The inheritance of hemophilia is a good example of

hilia
sex-linked inheritance. Hemophilia is a recessive sex-
linked trait that affects only males while females in
the family tree are generally carriers of the disease
or of the normal phenotype. This is because the gene
that codes for hemophilia is present only on the X
chromosome. In heterozygous females, the
disorder is not expressed as it is a recessive
disorder and th3e
so, the other normal X chromosome will be
expressed.
However, in males with a Xc chromosome , the
disorder will
be expressed as the gene pair for the affected X
chromosome will be a Y chromosome which does not
have
3

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