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NPD PPT PT 3

The document explains the normal probability distribution, focusing on converting standard scores (z-scores) to normal random variables using the formula z = (x - μ) / σ. It includes examples of calculating z-scores for populations and samples, as well as determining probabilities and areas under the normal curve using z-tables. Additionally, it provides practice problems related to the normal distribution for further understanding.

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7 views16 pages

NPD PPT PT 3

The document explains the normal probability distribution, focusing on converting standard scores (z-scores) to normal random variables using the formula z = (x - μ) / σ. It includes examples of calculating z-scores for populations and samples, as well as determining probabilities and areas under the normal curve using z-tables. Additionally, it provides practice problems related to the normal distribution for further understanding.

Uploaded by

micabasmayor.scc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NORMAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Convert from
standard scores to normal
random variable
RECAP:
Using the z-table, what is the area under the normal
curve above z=-2.00?

CP = 0.0228 or 2.28%
Keep in mind!
•Any normal distribution can be transformed

formula: 𝑧 = 𝑥−𝜇 / 𝜎 where x-score, 𝜇-


to standard normal distribution by the

mean and 𝜎-standard deviation.


•Each of the values obtained using the
given formula is called z-scores.
Note on notation: If we’re talking about an entire
POPULATION that is normally distributed, we use µ for the
mean and σ for the standard deviation. If we’re talking about
a SAMPLE of a population that is normally distributed, we
use x̅ for the mean and s for standard deviation. The
standard score or z-score is a measure of relative standing.
It represents the distance between a given measurement X
and the mean, expressed in standard deviations.
Z-score for population 𝒛 = 𝒙 −𝝁 / 𝝈
Z-score for sample 𝒛 = 𝒙 − x̅ / 𝒔
• For any population, the mean and standard
deviation are fixed. Thus, the z formula matches
the z-values one to one with the X values (raw
scores). That is, for every X value there
corresponds a z-value and for each z-value there
exactly one X value. The z-value leads to the area
under the curve found in the normal curve table,
which is a and that probability gives the desired
percentage for X.
Example : In a given normal distribution, the sample
mean is 20.5 and the sample standard deviation is 5.4.
Find the corresponding standard score of 18.

𝒛 = 𝒙− x̅ / 𝒔
Solution: x=18 ; x̅ =20.5 ; s= 5.4

= 𝟏𝟖−𝟐𝟎.𝟓 / 𝟓.𝟒
= −𝟐.𝟓 / 𝟓.𝟒
= −𝟎. 𝟒𝟔 (The z-score that corresponds to a
score of 18 is -0.46 or 32.28%. It tells us that
the score of 18 is below average)
Example: The average score in a Statistics and Probability
Test is 80 with standard deviation 10. What is the standard
score of the following students? Carlos – 97 Shirly – 86
How many percent of students got
Solution:

𝒛 = 𝒙−𝝁 / 𝝈 below 81? / 𝝈


𝒛 = 𝒙−𝝁
Carlos- 97

= 𝟗𝟕−𝟖𝟎 / 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟖𝟏−𝟖𝟎 / 𝟏𝟎
= 𝟏𝟕 / 𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏 / 𝟏𝟎
= 𝟏. 𝟕 = 𝟎. 𝟏

𝒛 = 𝒙−𝝁 / 𝝈
Shirly-86 Using the z-table, look for the area below

= 𝟖𝟔−𝟖𝟎 / 𝟏𝟎
0.1=0.5398 or 53.98% There are 53.98% of

= 𝟔 / 𝟏𝟎
students got below 81.

= 𝟎. 𝟔
be obtained by solving 𝑧 = 𝑥 – 𝜇 / 𝜎
• If the standard score z is given, the original or raw score x can

• for x, yielding the equation,


For population distribution, X = µ + z σ
For sample distribution, X = x̅ + z s
Where;
X= raw score/original score/actual/specific/variable
µ = population mean
σ = population standard deviation
x̅ = sample mean
s= sample standard deviation
z= z-score
Convert from standard scores to normal
random variable

Example : A highly selective university only admits the


top 5% of the total examinees in their entrance exam.
The results of this year’s entrance exam follow a normal
distribution with the mean of 285 and a standard
deviation of 12. What is the least score of an examinee
who can be admitted to the university?
Solution:
x̅ = 285 z = 100%-5%=95% or 0.95 = 0.9505 = 1.65 s (standard dev.) = 12
Look at the z-table and find a value of 0.95, this means that 0.05 or 5% are
above this. From the table, the value that is nearest to 0.95 is 0.9505
corresponds to 1.65 (intersection of 1.6 and .05). The z-score 1.65 has an
area of 0.9505.
100%-5%=95% or 0.95 = 0.9505 = 1.65
Corresponding value is 1.65
X= x̅ + z s
X= 285 + (1.65)(12)
X= 285 + 19.8
X= 304.8 or 305
Therefore, the least score of an examinee who can be admitted to the
university is 305
Board Work:
Solve the following problems.
Problem 1: The scores of Grade 11-ABM 2 students in
standardized test are normally distributed with the mean of 60
and standard deviation of 8. Answer the following:
1. How many percent of the students got below 72? Show it on
a graph.
2. What part of the group scored between 58 and 76? 3. If
there were 250 students who took the test, about how many
students scored higher than 64? Show it on a graph

Problem 2: Find the raw score of a standard score of z = 2.52


in a normally distributed population with mean 42 and
standard deviation 3.
z = 𝒙−𝝁 / 𝝈
𝒛 = 𝒙−𝝁 / 𝝈
Problem 1:
= 𝟓𝟖−𝟔𝟎 / 𝟖
z = 𝟕𝟐−𝟔𝟎 / 𝟖 = −𝟐 / 𝟖
z = 𝟏𝟐 / 𝟖 = −𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
= 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒛 = 𝒙−𝝁 / 𝝈
% below z-score 1.5 = 0.9332 = 𝟕𝟔−𝟔𝟎 / 𝟖
or 93.32% = 𝟏𝟔 / 𝟖
𝒛 = 𝒙−𝝁 / 𝝈 =𝟐
= 𝟔𝟒−𝟔𝟎 / 𝟖
=𝟒/𝟖
%between z-scores -0.25 & 2 =

= 𝟎. 𝟓 above 0.5=69.15%
97.72%- 40.13%= 57.59%

250 x 69.15% = 172.87 = 173


There were 173 students out of 250 got a score higher
than 64.
1. Below z = 1.50

2. between z = -0.25 and z = 2.00


Problem 2:
x= µ + z σ
x= 42 + (2.52)(3) = 49.56 / 50 is the raw score.
Given the following problem below.
Seatwork:

1. The heights of teachers in Pontevedra National High


school are normally distributed with a mean of 150 cm
and standard deviation of 15 cm. The height of Sir
Joven has a z-score of 3.25. What is the actual height
of Sir Joven?

2. The weight of adults in Barangay Sagpon approaches


a normal distribution with a mean of 52.9 kg. and
standard deviation of 7.2kg. If an adult is chosen at
random from Brgy. Sagpon, what is the probability that
his weight is above 48.5kg. Draw the curve.
WELL DONE and;

Thank You!
Prepared by Jemica Basmayor

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