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Electrical Energy

The document explains the fundamentals of electricity in physics, focusing on series and parallel circuits, voltage, current, and resistance. It describes how voltage is measured in volts, current in amperes, and how these concepts interact in different circuit configurations. Additionally, it introduces Ohm's law, which relates voltage, current, and resistance.

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6 views9 pages

Electrical Energy

The document explains the fundamentals of electricity in physics, focusing on series and parallel circuits, voltage, current, and resistance. It describes how voltage is measured in volts, current in amperes, and how these concepts interact in different circuit configurations. Additionally, it introduces Ohm's law, which relates voltage, current, and resistance.

Uploaded by

Ánh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electricity

in Physics
Jan 21, 2024
01

Parallel
Curcuit components
o Voltage is a measure of the electrical
energy in a circuit. Voltage is
measured in units called volts. The
symbol for volts is V
o Voltage is measured using a
voltmeter
o A voltmeter should be connected in
parallel with the component. Buzzer
o Electric current is the rate of flow of
electrons in a conductor. The unit of
electric current is the Ampere (A).
o Current is measured using an
ammeter
SERIES CIRCUITS
o A series circuit contains a single complete loop
o In a series circuit, the current is the same value
at any point
o The amount of current flowing around a series
circuit depends on two things:
The resistance of the components in the circuit
o Increasing the voltage of the power source
drives more current around the circuit. So,
decreasing the voltage of the power source
reduces the current
o Increasing the number of components in the
circuit increases the total resistance. Hence less
current flows through the circuit
o The voltages across all the components in a
series circuit add up to the volage of the
supply.
SERIES CIRCUITS
o The voltages across all the components in a
series circuit add up to the voltage of the
supply.
V total = V1 + V2 +…+ Vn
o Increasing the number of cells in a series
circuit will increase the voltage across each
component.

?
PARALLEL CIRCUITS
o In a parallel circuit, there is more than one path for
the current to flow.
o The paths where the current can flow are called
branches
o the current through the cell is equal to the
total of the current in all the branches.
I total = I1 + I2 +…+ In
o The voltages across each of the branches of a
parallel circuit are equal to the voltage of the
supply.
?
PARALLEL CIRCUITS
o In a parallel circuit, there is more than one path for
the current to flow.
o The paths where the current can flow are called
branches
o the current through the cell is equal to the
total of the current in all the branches.
I total = I1 + I2 +…+ In
o The voltages across each of the branches of a
parallel circuit are equal to the voltage of the
supply.
?
PARALLEL CIRCUITS
o In a parallel circuit, components in the same
circuit can be switched on and off independently
o If a component in one branch stops working, the
other branches are not affected.
o Adding cells to a parallel circuit increases the
supply voltage so it also:
• increases the voltage across each branch
• increases the current through the cell
• increases the current through each branch
Calculate the current
RESISTANCE
Resistance is a measure of how easy or difficult it is for electrons to move
though a material.
Conductors, such as copper, have very low resistance
Insulators, such as most plastics, have very high resistance
Resistance is measured in units called ohms. Ohms have the symbol 
The greater the resistance in a circuit, the smaller the current in the circuit
A resistor is a type of electrical component designed to have a known resistance.

Ohm's law
Voltage= current x
resistance

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