The document discusses the operation and classification of transmission lines, which connect generators and loads to transport electric power. It details the characteristics of short, medium, and long transmission lines, emphasizing the importance of voltage levels and the effects of resistance, inductance, and capacitance. Additionally, it explains the nominal T and nominal π representations for modeling medium transmission lines and the calculation of ABCD parameters.
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Transmission Line PPT (Lec.)
The document discusses the operation and classification of transmission lines, which connect generators and loads to transport electric power. It details the characteristics of short, medium, and long transmission lines, emphasizing the importance of voltage levels and the effects of resistance, inductance, and capacitance. Additionally, it explains the nominal T and nominal π representations for modeling medium transmission lines and the calculation of ABCD parameters.
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Generators and loads are connected together through
transmission lines transporting electric power from
one place to another. Transmission line must, therefore, take power from generators, transmit it to location where it will be used, and then distribute it to individual consumers. The power capability of a transmission line is proportional to the square of the voltage on the line. Therefore, very high voltage levels are used to transmit power over long distances. Once the power reaches the area where it will be used, it is stepped down to a lower voltages in distribution substations, and then delivered to customers through distribution lines To study the electric performance of a transmission line means to find the current and voltage every where on the line and to find the real and reactive power delivered by the line, and to find voltage regulation and losses of the line. Classification Transmission lines are generally classified as follows: 1) Short transmission line 2) Medium transmission line 3) Long transmission line Short transmission line The lines are less than 80 km long or the voltage is not over 66kV. Due to small distance and low voltage capacitance effect is negligible. Hence performance of these lines depend upon resistance and inductance only. The short line model is a simple series circuit. Short transmission line The equivalent circuit of a short transmission line is shown in Fig., where Is and IR are the sending and receiving end currents, respectively, and Vs and VR are the sending and receiving end line- to-neutral voltages.
where Z : the total series impedance of the line .
Voltage regulation of the transmission line may be defined as the percentage change in voltage at the receiving end of the line (expressed as percentage of full-load voltage) in going from no-load to full-load. Medium Transmission Line 80 km < T.L length < 250 km •The shunt capacitance must be considered. •The modeling of a medium length transmission line is done using lumped shunt admittance along with the lumped impedance in series to the circuit. •The ABCD parameters of a medium length transmission line is calculated using a lumped shunt admittance, along with the lumped impedance in series to the circuit. These lumped parameters of a medium length transmission line can be represented using three different models, namely: 1. Nominal Π representation (nominal pi model) 2. Nominal T representation (nominal T model) Medium Transmission Line (nominal T model )
In the nominal Tmodel of a medium transmission line the
lumped shunt admittance is placed in the middle, while the net series impedance is divided into two equal halves and placed on either side of the shunt admittance. The circuit so formed resembles the symbol of a capital T Medium Transmission Line (nominal πmodel )
•The lumped series impedance is placed at the middle of the
circuit where as the shunt admittances are at the ends. As we can see from the diagram of the πnetwork below, the total lumped shunt admittance is divided into 2 equal halves, and each half with value Y⁄2 is placed at both the sending and the receiving end while the entire circuit impedance is between the two. ABCD Parameters of Medium Transmission Line Nominal Π Representation of a Medium Transmission Line In case of a nominal Π representation (i.e. nominal pi model), the lumped series impedance is placed at the middle of the circuit whereas the shunt admittances are at the ends. As we can see from the diagram of the Π network below, the total lumped shunt admittance is divided into 2 equal halves, and each half with value Y ⁄ 2 is placed at both the sending and the receiving end while the entire circuit impedance is between the two. The shape of the circuit so formed resembles that of a symbol Π, and for this reason, it is known as the nominal Π representation of a medium transmission line. • As we can see here, VS and VR is the supply and receiving end voltages respectively, and Is is the current flowing through the supply end. IR is the current flowing through the receiving end of the circuit. I1 and I3 are the values of currents flowing through the admittances. And I2 is the current through the impedance Z Now applying KCL, at node P, we get.
Similarly applying KCL, to
node Q.
Now substituting equation (2) to equation (1)
Now by applying KVL to the circuit,
Comparing equation (4) and (5) with the standard ABCD parameter equations
We derive the ABCD parameters of a medium
transmission line as: Nominal T Representation of a Medium Transmission Line In the nominal T model of a medium transmission line the lumped shunt admittance is placed in the middle, while the net series impedance is divided into two equal halves and placed on either side of the shunt admittance. The circuit so formed resembles the symbol of a capital T, and hence is known as the nominal T network of a medium length transmission line and is shown in the diagram below. Prove that the parameters of the T network of a medium transmission line are • power sent from sending end – line losses = power delivered at receiving end • Voltage regulation of transmission line is measure of change of receiving end voltage from no-load to full load condition.