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Transmission Line PPT (Lec.)

The document discusses the operation and classification of transmission lines, which connect generators and loads to transport electric power. It details the characteristics of short, medium, and long transmission lines, emphasizing the importance of voltage levels and the effects of resistance, inductance, and capacitance. Additionally, it explains the nominal T and nominal π representations for modeling medium transmission lines and the calculation of ABCD parameters.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
51 views25 pages

Transmission Line PPT (Lec.)

The document discusses the operation and classification of transmission lines, which connect generators and loads to transport electric power. It details the characteristics of short, medium, and long transmission lines, emphasizing the importance of voltage levels and the effects of resistance, inductance, and capacitance. Additionally, it explains the nominal T and nominal π representations for modeling medium transmission lines and the calculation of ABCD parameters.

Uploaded by

mustafaxdar4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 Generators and loads are connected together through

transmission lines transporting electric power from


one place to another. Transmission line must,
therefore, take power from generators, transmit it to
location where it will be used, and then distribute it
to individual consumers.
 The power capability of a transmission line is
proportional to the square of the voltage on the line.
Therefore, very high voltage levels are used to
transmit power over long distances. Once the power
reaches the area where it will be used, it is stepped
down to a lower voltages in distribution substations,
and then delivered to customers through distribution
lines
To study the electric performance of a transmission line
means to find the current and voltage every where on the
line and to find the real and reactive power delivered by the
line, and to find voltage regulation and losses of the line.
Classification
Transmission lines are generally classified as follows:
1) Short transmission line
2) Medium transmission line
3) Long transmission line
Short transmission line
The lines are less than 80 km long or the voltage is not
over 66kV.
 Due to small distance and low voltage capacitance effect
is negligible. Hence performance of these lines depend upon
resistance and inductance only.
The short line model is a simple series circuit.

Short transmission line
 The equivalent circuit of a short transmission line is shown in Fig.,
where Is and IR are the sending and receiving end currents,
respectively, and Vs and VR are the sending and receiving end line-
to-neutral voltages.

where Z : the total series impedance of the line .


Voltage regulation of the transmission line may be defined as the percentage
change in voltage at the receiving end of the line (expressed as percentage of
full-load voltage) in going from no-load to full-load.
Medium Transmission Line
80 km < T.L length < 250 km
•The shunt capacitance must be considered.
•The modeling of a medium length transmission line is done
using lumped shunt admittance along with the lumped
impedance in series to the circuit.
•The ABCD parameters of a medium length transmission line
is calculated using a lumped shunt admittance, along with the
lumped impedance in series to the circuit. These lumped
parameters of a medium length transmission line can be
represented using three different models, namely:
1. Nominal Π representation (nominal pi model)
2. Nominal T representation (nominal T model)
Medium Transmission Line (nominal T model )

In the nominal Tmodel of a medium transmission line the


lumped shunt admittance is placed in the middle, while the net
series impedance is divided into two equal halves and placed on
either side of the shunt admittance. The circuit so formed
resembles the symbol of a capital T
Medium Transmission Line (nominal πmodel )

•The lumped series impedance is placed at the middle of the


circuit where as the shunt admittances are at the ends. As we can
see from the diagram of the πnetwork below, the total lumped
shunt admittance is divided into 2 equal halves, and each half
with value Y⁄2 is placed at both the sending and the receiving end
while the entire circuit impedance is between the two.
ABCD Parameters of Medium Transmission Line
Nominal Π Representation of a Medium Transmission Line
In case of a nominal Π representation (i.e. nominal pi model), the lumped
series impedance is placed at the middle of the circuit whereas the shunt
admittances are at the ends. As we can see from the diagram of the Π
network below, the total lumped shunt admittance is divided into 2 equal
halves, and each half with value Y ⁄ 2 is placed at both the sending and the
receiving end while the entire circuit impedance is between the two.
The shape of the circuit so formed resembles that of a symbol Π, and for
this reason, it is known as the nominal Π representation of a medium
transmission line.
• As we can see here, VS and VR is the supply and receiving end voltages respectively,
and Is is the current flowing through the supply end. IR is the current flowing through
the receiving end of the circuit. I1 and I3 are the values of currents flowing
through the admittances. And I2 is the current through the impedance Z
Now applying KCL, at node P, we get.

Similarly applying KCL, to


node Q.

Now substituting equation (2) to equation (1)

Now by applying KVL to the circuit,


Comparing equation (4) and (5) with the standard
ABCD parameter equations

We derive the ABCD parameters of a medium


transmission line as:
Nominal T Representation of a Medium Transmission Line
In the nominal T model of a medium transmission line the lumped shunt
admittance is placed in the middle, while the net series impedance is divided
into two equal halves and placed on either side of the shunt admittance. The
circuit so formed resembles the symbol of a capital T, and hence is known as
the nominal T network of a medium length transmission line and is shown in
the diagram below.
Prove that the parameters of the T network of a
medium transmission line are
• power sent from sending end – line losses = power delivered at receiving
end
• Voltage regulation of transmission line is measure of change of receiving
end voltage from no-load to full load condition.

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