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Differenly Vehicle Layouts

The document discusses various vehicle layouts, outlining their advantages and disadvantages, such as the complexity of front-wheel drive systems and the benefits of improved traction in all-wheel drive configurations. It also touches on Newton's Second Law and traction limited acceleration, providing formulas for calculating traction force at the front and rear wheels. Additionally, it poses interesting questions regarding vehicle drive preferences and safety considerations in different layouts.

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17 views31 pages

Differenly Vehicle Layouts

The document discusses various vehicle layouts, outlining their advantages and disadvantages, such as the complexity of front-wheel drive systems and the benefits of improved traction in all-wheel drive configurations. It also touches on Newton's Second Law and traction limited acceleration, providing formulas for calculating traction force at the front and rear wheels. Additionally, it poses interesting questions regarding vehicle drive preferences and safety considerations in different layouts.

Uploaded by

22m148
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vehicle layouts

• The automobile layout describes the


transmission of power from the engine to the
drive wheels, which comes under different
configurations.
ADVANTAGES

1. Front axle is not burdened with both steering


and power transmission.
2. The construction was quite simpler (less
complexity involved )
3. No steering torque.
DISADVANTAGES
• Decreased transmission efficiency.
• The drive shaft has to run through the
passenger cabin floor which limits the space.
• Increased ride height .
Advantages
• The propeller shaft is eliminated resulting in
- Lower ride height
- Lighter construction
-reduced inertia in power train which
increases fuel economy
• More interior space for the passenger
compartment.
DISADVANTAGES
• The front wheels ,which are the driving wheels
are also to be steered, which makes the
arrangement complicated.
• Torque steer can be a problem.
• Doesn’t perform well during climbing the
gradients since the weight transfer reduces the
traction at the drive wheels.
• Front wheel drive cars are limited in their
capacity to handle high power.
ADVANTAGES
• Improves the traction limited acceleration,
since more weight transfer occurs on the
driving wheels.
• The silence and the exhaust system need to
travel to the entire span of vehicle.
• Absence of engine on the front allows for a
better aerodynamic design at front.
DISADVANTAGES
• Reduced cooling efficiency.
• Since the petrol tank to be placed at front ,it is
dangerous during collisions.
ADVANTAGES
• Better acceleration when any one of the
wheels falls into a pit.
• Can be well driven in all kinds of terrain.
• Option to shift between two wheel and four
wheel drive based upon the requirement with
the help of transfer case.
DISADVANTAGES
• Increased cost, since the number of
components increases.
• These systems require more fuel making them
less efficient than their counterparts 2WD.
Interesting questions
1. What kind of drive does sports car prefer and
why?
2. What is the reason behind heavy vehicles
having front engine rear wheel drive?
3. Have you noticed what is the layout that
most of the Indian cars prefer and why ?
4. Why it so said that FWD are safer than RWD
during an accident ?
Newton’s Second law

“ The acceleration of an object is directly


proportional to the magnitude of the applied
force and inversely proportional to the mass “

a = F/m
Traction limited Acceleration
• Traction force : It is the force that is available
at wheels to move the vehicle, which is
developed by virtue of interface (friction)
between the tyre and the road. Since this is
responsible for the traction it is called as
traction force.
• Its maximization is an important design
criterion for a competitive car
Traction Force formula
Traction force at front wheels

F = Wf μ / 1 – (hm μ/L)

Traction force at rear wheels

F = Wr μ / 1 – (hm μ/L)
Where,
Wf = Normal load on the front axle
Wr = Normal load on rear axle
L = Wheel base
μ = Coefficient of friction between tire and road
h Height of C.G from Ground measured vertically
How to increase the valve of traction limited
acceleration ?
Tire with
Higher
coefficient
of Friction

Increasing
Increasing Decreasing
the normal
Traction
load in the
limited the Wheel
drive Base
acceleration
wheels

Increasing
the Height
of CG
• For a car shown in the figure,

(a) Estimate the individual wheel loads during maximum acceleration


assuming an average coefficient of 1.5

(b) If the rear tires have a rolling radius of 275 mm, estimate the peak
torque through the transmission when accelerating off the line

(c) Calculate the maximum acceleration in both m/s 2 and equivalent G


force.
• The drive shaft has to run through the
passenger cabin floor which limits the space.

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