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CMT Cement 2025

Cement is a grey powder that hardens when mixed with sand and water, undergoing a hydration process that affects its strength. The document outlines the properties, ingredients, manufacturing processes, types, suitability, and testing methods for cement. It emphasizes the importance of using pure water and the various types of cement suited for different construction needs.

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29 views14 pages

CMT Cement 2025

Cement is a grey powder that hardens when mixed with sand and water, undergoing a hydration process that affects its strength. The document outlines the properties, ingredients, manufacturing processes, types, suitability, and testing methods for cement. It emphasizes the importance of using pure water and the various types of cement suited for different construction needs.

Uploaded by

daki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cement

CEMENT
is a grey powder used in buildings which become very hard when it is
mixed with sand and water.

 Cement compound and water molecules form chemical bonds resulting in a


chemical reaction known as hydration.
 This hydration process determines, for the most part, how strong cement will
ultimately be as concrete.
 If you do not use pure water during this process, cement and ultimately the
concrete made from it later will be compromised and not as strong due to potential
side reactions.
PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
• Mobility
– term used to describe the ability to move cement around once it has been mixed
– Water hydration and air, as well as other aggregates in a cement mixture,
impact cement's place ability.
• Permeability
– ability of cement to be porous and allow water to be absorbed.
– pertains to the ability of cement to be porous and allow water to be absorbed.
– if the cement mixture has too much water in it, structure might not harden as
quickly as it should. If the cement is too dry, it will be difficult to place or mold.
• Strength
– Cement is strong enough to withstand elements like strong winds, rain, sleet
and snow when combined with other strong components used to turn into
concrete.
INGREDIENTS OF CEMENT
• Gypsum Control hydration and control setting time - prevents the
concrete from hardening almost immediately after adding
water.

• Lime It makes the cement sound and provides strength to the


cement.
 Soundness of cement- ability to retain its volume after it gets
hardened

• Silica it gives strength of the cement due to the formation of


dicalcium and tricalcium silicate

• Alumina It acts as a flux and it lowers the clinkering temperature.


• Calcium Sulphate its function is to increase the initial setting time of cement
• Iron Oxide imparts colour, hardness and strength to the cement.
• Magnesium This ingredient, present in small amount, imparts
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF
CEMENT
Dry process Wet process
1. Mixing of raw material in dry state in 1. Mixing of Raw materials in wash mill with
blenders. 35 to 50% water.
2. Materials exiting the mill are called
2. The dry materials exiting the mill are
“slurry” and have flowability
called “kiln feed”.
characteristics.

3. Fuel consumption is low i.e., 100 kg of 3. Fuel consumption is high i.e., 350 kg of
coal per tonne of cement produced coal per tonne of cement produced

4. Cost of production is less. 4. Cost of production is high


5. Capital cost (Cost of establishment) is
5. Capital cost is high due to blenders.
comparatively less
6. Size of the kiln needed for 6. Size of the kiln needed for manufacturing
manufacturing of cement is smaller. of cement is bigger.

7. Difficult to control mixing of Raw 7. Raw material can be mixed easily, so a


materials, so it is difficult to obtain a better homogeneous material can be
better homogeneous material. obtained
TYPES OF CEMENT
• Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
– is the most widely used type of cement, which is suitable for all general concrete
construction. It is the most commonly produced and used type of cement around
the world, with annual global production of around 3.8 million cubic meters per
year.
– This cement is suitable for all kinds of concrete construction.
TYPES OF CEMENT
• Pozzolan Cement
– An inert silicious material which, in the presence of water,
will combine with lime to produce a cementitious matter
with excellent structural properties.

Advantages of Pozzolans
1. Improved workability
2. Economy
3. Reduced alkali-aggregate reaction
4. Increased sulphate resistance
TYPES OF SPECIAL PURPOSE
CEMENT
OPC-based
• Rapid hardening Portland Cement.
– It is high in Tricalcium Silicate (C3S) content and must be finer grinding. A high
fineness of cement particles provides greater surface area for water action.
• Sulphate-resisting Cement.
– This type of cement content high silicate due to resisting the sulphate attack on
the concrete. Sulphate attack is where water containing dissolved sulphate
penetrates the concrete.
• Waterproof Portland Cement.
– is manufactured by adding a waterproofing substance to ordinary Portland
cement during mixing
• Coloured Portland Cement.
– Pigment is added to this cement in quantities up to 10 per cent during the
process of grinding the cement clinker.
TYPES OF SPECIAL PURPOSE
CEMENT
Non-OPC cement
• High Alumina Cement.
– High alumina cement is very reactive and produces high early strength.
Generally no additives are added to alumina cemen
SUITABILITY OF CEMENT
• Weather.
– Each and every type of cement gives different reaction towards the temperature.
Some of the cement can restrain the heat and some of them cannot retrain a high
temperature
• Environmental condition.
– Different types of cement give different strength. Some of the places need a high
strength cement to make the concrete last long
• Speed of construction.
– Some parts of the construction need short time to be constructed. Therefore, use
cement which can harden in a short time.
• Type of construction.
– Mass concrete is any volume of concrete with dimensions large enough to require
that measures be taken to cope with generation of heat from hydration of the
cement and attendant volume change to minimize cracking. Some of the cement is
suitable for the mass concrete and some might be not.
TESTING OF CEMENT
FIELD TESTING
– It is sufficient to subject the cement to field tests when it is used for
minor works.
The following are the field test.
• 1. Open the bag and take a good look at the cement. There should not be
any visible lumps. The color of the cement should normally be greenish
grey.
• 2. Thrust your hand into the cement bag. It must give you a cool feeling.
There should not be any lump inside.
• 3. Take a pinch of cement and feel between the fingers. It should give a
smooth and not a gritty feeling.
• 4. Take a handful of cement and throw it on a bucket full of water, the
particles should float for some time before they sink. Take about 100 grams
of cement and a small quantity of water and make a stiff paste. From the
stiff paste, pat a cake with sharp edges. Put it on a glass plate and slowly
LABORATORY TESTING
• Consistency https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=PlbCpJqWqwU
• Setting time
• Soundness
• Fineness
• Compressive Strength
• Heat of hydration - defined as the quantity, in calories per
gram of hydrated cement liberated on complete hydration
at a given temperature.
• ACTIVITY # 1
- What did you learn that surprised you about the video presentation you
watched and the lecture we discussed?

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