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1637 Lec-4 (DTE-DCE Interface) Final

The document discusses the roles of Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communication Equipment (DCE) in digital communication, detailing their interfaces and standards. It explains the differences between analog and digital signals, the components of digital communication, and the functioning of cable modems, including their speed and security concerns. Additionally, it compares cable modems with ADSL and lists common cable modem manufacturers.

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12 views16 pages

1637 Lec-4 (DTE-DCE Interface) Final

The document discusses the roles of Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communication Equipment (DCE) in digital communication, detailing their interfaces and standards. It explains the differences between analog and digital signals, the components of digital communication, and the functioning of cable modems, including their speed and security concerns. Additionally, it compares cable modems with ADSL and lists common cable modem manufacturers.

Uploaded by

sucksducks302
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DTE and DCE

DTE interface interface DTE

modem modem

host computer DCE


terminal
chapter 6 1
Interface
• DCE
– Responsible for transmitting and receiving bits
– Work with other DCE’s, need to use same encoding
schemes and data rates
• DTE
– Interacts with DCE
– Exchange data and control information
– Done over a set of wires called interchange circuits
• Standards
– Specify the interface between the DTE and DCE
chapter 6 2
Interface
• Interface Specifications have four parts
– Mechanical
• Type of plugs, number of pins
– Electrical
• Voltage levels
• Duration of signal elements
– Functional
• Specify functions of the pins or the interchange circuits
– Procedural
• Specify the sequence of events for transmitting data based
upon functional characteristics

chapter 6 3
Digital Data Transmission
Analog vs. Digital
x(t)
 Analog signals
 Value varies continuously

t
 Digital signals x(t)
 Value limited to a finite set

t
 Binary signals x(t) 1 1 1
 Has at most 2 values
 Used to represent bit values 0 T 0 0 0
 Bit time T needed to send 1bit
 Data rate R=1/ T bits per second
t
Information Representation
• Communication systems convert information into
a form suitable for transmission
• Analog systemsAnalog signals are modulated
(AM, FM radio)
• Digital system generate bits and transmit digital
signals (Computers)
• Analog signals can be converted to digital signals.
Components of Digital
Communication
• Sampling: If the message is analog, it’s converted to
discrete time by sampling.
(What should the sampling rate be ?)
• Quantization: Quantized in amplitude.
Discrete in time and amplitude
• Encoder:
– Convert message or signals in accordance with a set of rules
– Translate the discrete set of sample values to a signal.
• Decoder: Decodes received signals back into original
message
Different Codes
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
Advantages
• Stability of components: Analog hardware
change due to component aging, heat, etc.
• Flexibility:
– Perform encryption
– Compression
– Error correction/detection
• Reliable reproduction
Applications
• Digital Audio • Digital Audio
Transmission Recording
• Telephone channels • LP vs. CD
• Lowpass • Improve fidelity
filter,sample,quantize (How?)
• 32kbps-64kbps • More durable and
(depending on the don’t deteriorate with
encoder) time
Communication Devices
• A communications devices is a hardware component that enables
a computer to send (transmit) and retrieve data, instructions and
information to and from one or more computers.
• Main device is MODEM.
What is a Cable Modem &
how does it work?

• A Cable Modem is a digital modem that uses a


coaxial cable connection for the data transmission.
• This data connection is received by a cable
modem that decodes the signal into your PC.
How fast is a Cable Modem?
• Cable modems are up to 10-20Mbps downloads.
Typical downloads are over 300Kbps, or close to
600Kbps, but the speed of the cable modem depends
on a few things. First it depends on how many users
are on the system since the cable technology is a
"shared "Bandwidth . Too many users using too
much throughput can drain this “shared” technology.
The second factor to cable modem speed is a limit
on the cable modem itself. Some cable providers
will limit the upload or download speed on the cable
modem, and this could affect your connection speed.
How secure is a Cable Modem?
• Cable connections are not 100% secure in any instance like
many other connections on the Internet. Even though most
cable providers block ports 137-139, cable modems are likely to
be generated in any case where a user has file and print sharing
turned on, or possibly other services like SMTP (Simple mail
transfer protocol), Web Servers and Telnet services. A general
rule is to keep passwords long and turn off any service that you
don't absolutely need running. A firewall type application
should be used to keep a network as secure as possible.
Cable Modems vs. ADSL
• There is one major advantage that ADSL has over cable
modems. Cable modems use a shared networking
technology where all the cable modems share a single pipe
to the Internet. This pipe speed will fluctuate depending
on the number of subscribers on the network.
• When ADSL is used, the pipe to the Internet is solely
"yours", and is not shared along the way to a central office.
This allows for a more consistent speed, and this speed
does not typically fluctuate like cable modem networks.
Who makes Cable Modems & what are
some Cable Modem Service Providers?

• There are many cable modem brands, and some of


the most common ones are from Com21,
Motorola, Bay Networks, RCA, Cisco, Toshiba,
3Com, and Terayon.

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