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MATH8 Basic Concept of Probability

The document provides an overview of basic probability concepts, including definitions of probability, experiments, outcomes, sample spaces, sample points, and events. It explains how to measure the likelihood of events using percentages, decimals, and fractions, and illustrates these concepts with examples such as coin tosses and rolling dice. The document emphasizes that probability cannot predict events with total certainty, and outlines how to identify and categorize different outcomes in experiments.

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7 views18 pages

MATH8 Basic Concept of Probability

The document provides an overview of basic probability concepts, including definitions of probability, experiments, outcomes, sample spaces, sample points, and events. It explains how to measure the likelihood of events using percentages, decimals, and fractions, and illustrates these concepts with examples such as coin tosses and rolling dice. The document emphasizes that probability cannot predict events with total certainty, and outlines how to identify and categorize different outcomes in experiments.

Uploaded by

richardanthony.fetalvero
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC CONCEPT OF

PROBABILITY
I L LU S T RAT I N G A N E X P E R I M E N T , O U TC O M E , S A M P L E
S PAC E AN D E VE N T
PROBABILITY
• Probability is a branch of mathematics
that measures or estimates how likely an
event will happen. Events cannot be
predicted with total certainty.

• "How likely are they to happen?“

• it is known as the chance or possibility


that something will occur or happen.
• in the picture below, this is what
they call the probability line. When
they say zero probability, it only
means that it is impossible to
happen.
ZERO PROBABILITY

EXAMPLE: There is a zero probability that it


will snow in the Philippines.

• If the probability is 0.25 or 25%, it is


unlikely to happen. Yes, it will happen, but
only sometimes. And, if the probability is
50% or even chance, if it is 75% probability,
or four in five chance, it means it is likely to
happen. Andlastly, if the probability is
certain, then it is a 100% probability.
PROBABILITY

It is often shown as a decimal or fraction.

EXAMPLE: When you toss a coin, there are only 2


results; it is either "HEAD" or "TAIL". For example,
the probability of getting a "head" when tossing a
coin It can be shown as:
• As a decimal : 0.5
• As a fraction: ½
• As a percentage: 50% ;
• and sometimes as ratio: 1:2 / 1in 2.
EXPERIMENT

• An experiment is an activity involving


chances that can have different results. It
is a process that, when performed, results
in exactly one of many observations.
Activities such as tossing or flipping a
coin, rolling a die, or picking a card
from a standard deck of cards without
looking could be repeated over and over
again and have well defined results.
EXPERIMENT

EXAMPLE
You need to get a number 6 in rolling
a die to win in the game of snake and
ladder. What is the experiment in this
situation?
The experiment is getting
a number 6 by rolling a
die.
EXPERIMENT

EXAMPLE
Jen and Jan are playing cards. Jan needs to
draw a card numbered 5 to win the game from
a well- shuffled deck of 5, 8, 9, 2, and 7 cards
and place it face down on the table. Jane, what
is the experiment in this situation?

The experiment is drawing a


card.
OUTCOME
• When we say outcomes, these are the results of
experiments.

EXAMPLE:
Number 1 situation, rolling a die once is an
example of experiment where you can have a
possible outcomes and those are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and
6.
There are 6 possible outcomes
because as you can see there are
6 faces in a die.
OUTCOME
EXAMPLE:
• Number 2, Jen and Jan are playing cards. Jan
needs to draw a card numbered 5 to win the
game from a well- shuffled numbered 5, 8, 9,
2, and 7 cards and place it face down on the
table. What are the possible outcomes?

The possible outcomes in the


situation are cards 5, 8, 9, 2, 7.
SAMPLE SPACE

• Sample Space is the set of all possible


outcomes of an experiment and is denoted
by S.
• Sample space is just the same as
outcome, where you have to list all the
possible outcomes, but the only difference
is that sample space is written within
brackets.
SAMPLE SPACE

FOR EXAMPLE:
Number 1 situation is that you need to get a
number 6 in rolling a die to win in the game
of snake and ladder.

The sample
space is 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6.
SAMPLE SPACE

FOR EXAMPLE:
Jen and Jan are playing cards. Jan needs to
draw a card numbered 5 to win the game
from a well-shuffled deck of 5, 8, 9, 2, and 7
cards and place it face down on the table.

The sample space


is {5, 8, 9, 2, 7}.
SAMPLE POINT

• A sample point is an individual outcome


in the sample space. It is one of the
possible outcomes. If sample space is the
list of all possible outcome, the sample
point is talking about individual outcome
in the sample space of an experiment.
SAMPLE POINT

FOR EXAMPLE
if the situation is drawing a card from a
deck of 52 cards, is King can be
considered as a sample point?
No, because there are four different
kings in the deck of cards, which are
also considered four different sample
points.
EVENT

• An event is a set of some elements or outcomes


of an experiment. It is a subset of a sample
space. It is not necessary to be the actual
outcome of the experiment.

EXAMPLE
number 1: you need to get a number 6 in rolling a
die to win in the game of snake and ladder. In
rolling a die, there are 6 possible outcomes, and if
the condition is that you get only an even number,
what will the event be in that experiment?
The events in that experiment are{2,
4, 6}.
EVENT

EXAMPLE
Jen and Jan are playing cards. Jan needs to
draw a card numbered 5 to win the game
from a well-shuffled deck of 5, 8, 9, 2, and 7
cards and placed face down on the table.

The events in that experiment are


{2, 5, 7}.
THANKYOU FOR LISTENING!
H O P E YO U U N D E R S TA N D T H E L E S S O N

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