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Chapter 4 - HIRARC

The document outlines the principles of Occupational Safety and Health, focusing on Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC). It defines key terms such as hazard, risk, and danger, and discusses various types of hazards along with the legal requirements for risk assessment. Additionally, it presents the hierarchy of control measures to mitigate risks and introduces the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) process for evaluating job methods and identifying potential hazards.

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145 views30 pages

Chapter 4 - HIRARC

The document outlines the principles of Occupational Safety and Health, focusing on Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC). It defines key terms such as hazard, risk, and danger, and discusses various types of hazards along with the legal requirements for risk assessment. Additionally, it presents the hierarchy of control measures to mitigate risks and introduces the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) process for evaluating job methods and identifying potential hazards.

Uploaded by

mencesterbenficas1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DUW 10022

OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND
HEALTH FOR
ENGINEERING
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESMENT AND RISK CONTROL
(HIRARC)
Learning Objectives
 To define what is hazard, risk
and danger
 To know the type of hazard
 To explain the risk assessment
process
 To explain the hierarchy of
control
Introduction
Legal Requirements
Sub-Section 15(2)(b), OSHA
1994
 The making of
arrangements for ensuring,
so far as is practicable,
safety and absence of risks
to health in connection with
the use, operation,
handling, storage and
transport of plant and
substances.
Introduction
Definition
 Hazard: Anything that can cause
harm or ill-health

 Risk: The probability of the hazard to


cause harm

 Danger: Relative exposure to hazard


Type of Hazard
Classification of Example of Potential Source of Hazard
Hazards

Physical Hazard Hazards that cause the body to become physically


stresses ex: Moving and rotating equipment, hot and
cold
Biological Known as biohazards, refer to biological substances
that pose a threat to the health of living organisms,
primarily that of humans. Ex: Bacteria and fungus
Chemical Pose a wide range of health hazards (such as irritation,
sensitization, and carcinogenicity). Ex: Carcinogens
chemical and corrosive materials
Ergonomics Ergonomic hazards refer to workplace conditions that
pose the risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system of
the worker.Ex: Wrong design of workstation and
unusual movement
Psychological Related to mental and personal well-being. Ex: Stress,
sexual harassment and violent at work
Why Carry Out Risk Assessment

• Gives organization effective way to


manage the hazard
• Requirement of the law. E.g.
1.OSHA 1994
2.CIMAH(Control of Industrial Major
Accident Hazards )Reg. 1996
HIRARC

HI = Hazard RA = Risk
Identification Assessment

RC = Risk Control
HIRARC
 HI = Hazard Identification

 Observation and
inspection
 Review of document
and publication
Source of Hazard:
 Man – Unsafe Act
 Machinery – Installation, layout and design of
equipment
 Materials – Substances such as chemicals
 Method – The way people carry out their
work
 Workplace condition – Air quality,
Class Activity

• Discuss types of hazards that exist in your


workplace.
HIRARC
 RA = Risk Assessment
 Qualitative Risk
Assessment

 Semi Quantitative Risk


Assessment
 Quantitative Risk
Assessment
HIRARC
 RAAssociated
= Risk Assessment
with
reflection of the
likelihood of the hazard
that will cause harm and
the severity of that harm.
 The two elements of risk,
i.e. likelihood and
severity, are
independent of each
other.
HIRARC
 RA = Risk Assessment
 The following aspects may be helpful to
determine the likelihood of a risk:
 Frequency of occurrence.
 Duration of risk occurrence.
 Number of people being exposed.
 Adequacy of existing control
measures.
 Other risks that add to the increase of
likelihood.
HIRARC
 RA = Risk Assessment (Qualitative)
Risk Matrix

LIKELIHOOD/PROBABILITY

4 Very Likely Could happen frequently.

3 Likely Could happen occasionally.

2 Unlikely Could happen, but rarely.


Very Could happen, but probably
1
Unlikely will never.
HIRARC
 RA = Risk Assessment (Qualitative)
Risk Matrix
CONSEQUENCE / SEVERITY
Fatal / Death or permanent
4
Disability disability.
Serious bodily injury or
3 Major Injury
serious work caused illness.
Moderate injury or illness
2 Minor Injury
requiring casualty treatment.
Minor injury or illness
1 First Aid Injury requiring first only, no lost
work time.
HIRARC
 RA = Risk Assessment
CONSEQUENCES (C)
PROBABILITY
Death /
(P) Major Injury Minor Injury First Aid Injury
Disability
(3) (2) (1)
(4)
Very Likely (4) 16 12 8 4

Likely (3) 12 9 6 3

Unlikely (2) 8 6 4 2
Very Unlikely
4 3 2 1
(1)
RF = (P x C), where: RISK LEVEL

RF = Risk Factor Level Action


High Immediate action.
P = Probability of Occurrence Moderate As soon as possible.
C = Consequence of Low
May not need immediate
attention.
Occurrence
RC-Risk Control

Terms
• Hazard control means the process of
implementing measures to reduce the risk
associated with a hazard.
• Hierarchy of control means the
established priority order for the types of
measures to be used to control risks.
Hierarchy of Control
1.Elimination Most effective

2.Substitution
Fairly effective
3.Isolation
4.Engineering Control
5.Administrative ControlLess effective
6.PPE
Principle of Crocodile

• Elimination- Eliminate the risk (remove


hazard)
Principle of Crocodile

• Substitution - Substitute the risk (use less


hazardous one)
Principle of Crocodile

• Isolation- Isolate the risk (isolate the work


area)
• Engineering Control – Design, barricade
and guarding
• Administrative Control - Safe work
Procedure
Principle of Crocodile

• PPE- Use Personal Protective


Equipment
Principle of Crocodile

• Or else……….Run away !
Class Activity

• Discuss the
possible control
measures for the
hazards that exist
in your workplace
HIRARC Table
Risk Assessment (HIRARC)
HIRARC FORM
ORGANIZATION Politeknik Kuching CONDUCTED BY: 1. NOR AIMAN BIN SUKINDAR
Sarawak (Name, Designation)
PROCESS/ LOCATION Machine Workshop Date:1.2.2015

DATE: 1.2.2015 Review Date: 2.2.2015


1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 2. RISK ANALYSIS 3. RISK CONTROL

No Hazard Which Can Existing Risk Likelih Severit Risk Recommended Control
Cause/Effect Control(If Any) ood y Measure

1 Trailing cables - Shocks - None - Ensuring the safe


- Fall routing cables (use
2 3 6
cable ties)

Oil spilling Injury by slip or -Housekeeping - Scheduling


fall when housekeeping .
accidently step on
(at floor).

3 2 6
Damage wire -Electrical Shock -None - Change new wire

2 3 6
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
 Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a process used to
review job methods by breaking down the job
into simpler tasks.
 Each basic step of the job is examined to
identify potential hazards and to determine
the safest way to do the job.
 It is also known as Job Hazard Analysis (JHA),
Task Hazard Analysis (THA) and Analytical
Hazard Analysis (AHA).
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

DEVELOP
DEVELOP
INSTALL
INSTALL
SELECT
SELECT

EXAMINE
EXAMINE
RECORD
RECORD
MAINTAIN
MAINTAIN
Job Safety Analysis (JSA)
 Record
JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Location Job
Analyzed By Date Reviewed BY Approved By:
Name Signature Date

Date : Date :

Job Description:
Proposed Control
Job Steps Identified Hazards Person-In-Charge
Measures

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