Alexandria University

Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Eng. Department

Spectral Band Thermometer

MEC 111
 Presentation Outline

• Introduction to the idea of

pyrometers
• Scientific idea
• Device technical components
• Work flow of spectral band
thermometer
• Device specifications
• Types of spectral band thermometer
• Advantages and
Disadvantages(limitations)
1660 • Newton discovers light
dispersion

1800 • Willam Herschel discovers

infrared radiations

1900 • Max Planck’s interpretation

of blackbody radiation

• The invention of the first

1901 disappearing filament
pyrometer
• The development of modern
20th day spectral band
thermometer
 Stefan-
Boltzmann
law

Kirchoff’s Wein’s
law of displacemen
thermal
Scientific idea t law
radiation

Planck’s law
 Stefan-Boltzmann Law

• It states that for a black body* ( ideal emitter), the

amount of radiated power per unit area is directly
proportional to temperature (in absolute kelvin) raised
to fourth power.

Ep : Emissive power (watt/m2)

constant (W/m2.K4)

T : Temperature (kelvin)
*Black body is a non-existent ideal body.
However, real bodies behavior will be modeled
with respect to blackbody’s behavior.
Plank’s Law
of Blackbody
Radiation
• It describes the
spectral
density(Intensity of
radiation) emitted by
black body under
thermal equilibrium.
Wiens
Displacemen
t law
• It states that for any
increase in temperature of
black body to certain T,
the wavelength of max
intensity( decreases and
area under curve(total
radiated energy per unit
time per unit
area/emissive power)
increases.
Kirchoff’s law
• States that an object's emissivity (its
efficiency as a radiation emitter) equals its
absorptivity (ability to absorb radiation) at
of thermal a given wavelength. This is crucial for
correcting real-world deviations from ideal
radiation black body behavior.
Spectral Band thermometer
• Components

Optical system : focus

Wavelength filter: Radiation detector:
emitted radiation,
reduce interference Convert thermal
define area of interest
and isolate specific radiation to an
and ensure accurate
range of wavelengths electric signal
capture

Temperature
Electronic processing Calculation system:
Emissivity control
unit : Amplifiers, Using physical
adjustment :
Filters, Analogue to relations( peak
according to targets
Digital wavelength –
material
converters(ADCs) temperature
correlation)

Calibration system
 1.Object Emits Radiation →
2. Optical System Focuses Radiation
3. Spectral Filter Isolates Wavelength Bands
4. Detector Converts Radiation to Signal
5. Electronics Process Signal
6. Temperature Calculated and Displayed

Workflow  For Advanced Applications:

Diagram • Atmospheric Correction: For remote sensing,

adjustments using the Beer-Lambert law for
absorption by gases.

• Data Logging: Storing readings for trend analysis or

quality control.

• Multispectral Analysis: Using multiple spectral bands

to improve accuracy.
 1.Emissivity
• Impact: Incorrect emissivity settings can lead to significant errors.
• Action: Adjust the emissivity setting on the thermometer to match
the target material
(common emissivity values: metals ~0.1, ceramics ~0.9).

Measurem 2. Spot Size and Field of View (FOV)

ent • Requirement: The target should fully cover the thermometer's

measurement spot.

Considerati
• Impact: If the object is smaller than the spot size, background
radiation may skew the results.

on
• Action: Ensure the object is larger than the spot size at the
measurement distance.

3.Measurement Angle
• Issue: Measuring at an angle may reduce the effective radiation
captured.
• Action: Aim the thermometer as perpendicular to the surface as
possible.
 4. Environmental Conditions
• Influences: Dust, smoke, humidity, or reflective
surfaces can interfere with measurements.
• Action: Use spectral bands less affected by
environmental interference or clean the optical lens
regularly.
Measurem
ent 5.Calibration
• Requirement: Ensure the device is calibrated according
Considerati to the manufacturer's specifications.
• Impact: Poor calibration can cause measurement drift.
on • Action: Periodically calibrate using a known blackbody
reference.
6.Target Stability
• Problem: Moving targets can cause inconsistent
readings.
• Action: Use a thermometer with fast response times for
dynamic targets.
 7. Temperature Range
• Issue: Using the device outside its specified temperature range
may yield unreliable results.
• Action: Choose a thermometer suitable for the temperature of
the object.

Measurem
ent
8. Thermal Gradients
• Issue: If the object has uneven temperature distribution, the

Considerati
measurement may not represent the actual temperature.
• Action: Measure at multiple points or average readings.

on
9. Response Time
• Impact: A slow response time may not capture rapid
temperature changes.
• Action: Match the thermometer's response time to the
dynamics of the measurement.
Applications of
spectral band
thermometer
•Industrial/Electrical: Monitor steam
systems, boiler operations, engine cooling
systems performance, detect hot spots in
electrical systems and motor bearings.

•Heating and air conditioning: Monitor

furnace and duct leakage; detect walls
and floors for proper room temperature,
heat loss and gain

•Medical: Remote temperature readings,

used for fever screening.

•Fire Safety: To detect hot spots in walls,

floors, etc. after fire is extinguished.
 Types of spectral
band thermometer

single spectral Dual Multi

band spectral spectral
thermometer band band
thermome thermomete
ter r
types Single spectral
band
Dual spectral
band
Multi spectral
band
thermometer thermometer thermometer

spectral range Single two multiple

wavelength wavelengths wavelength
8-14 micrometer 0.7-1.5 0.7-14
micrometer micrometer
Temprature -50c – 1000c 500c – 3000c -50c < 3000c
range
Accuracy Low Moderate High

Response time 100ms – 1s 100ms– 200ms 200ms – 1s

Emmisivity Manual Not required Not required

Adjustment
cost Low Moderate High
advantage Disadvant
s ages
• High • Limited
Accuracy Application
• Reduced Range
Emissivity • Cost
Error • Complexity
• High • Environmen
Sensitivity tal
• Non-Contact Sensitivity
Measureme
nt
https://spie.org/samples/TT78.pdf?form=MG0AV3

https://www.szflus.com/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
different-types-of-thermometers/?form=MG0AV3
Thank
you Done
by
Eng/Noureldin
Eng/Youssef
aly
Eng/Youssef ahmed Eng/Ahmed walid
Eng/Youssef ashraf Eng/Ahmed Farouk
Eng/Mohamed mahmoudEng/Ahmed elsayeh
Eng/Youssef ahmed