Scribd
Upload
15 views15 pages

CH 01

Chapter 1 of 'Fundamentals of Electric Circuits' introduces basic concepts such as systems of units, electric charge, current, voltage, power, and energy. It explains the fundamental properties of electric charge and current, including their units and behavior in circuits. The chapter also covers circuit elements, distinguishing between active and passive components, and provides examples to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Hidayath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views15 pages

CH 01

Chapter 1 of 'Fundamentals of Electric Circuits' introduces basic concepts such as systems of units, electric charge, current, voltage, power, and energy. It explains the fundamental properties of electric charge and current, including their units and behavior in circuits. The chapter also covers circuit elements, distinguishing between active and passive components, and provides examples to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Hidayath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

EngE 318/ EE 111

Chapter 1
Basic Concepts

1
Basic Concepts - Chapter 1

1.1 Systems of Units.


1.2 Electric Charge.
1.3 Current.
1.4 Voltage.
1.5 Power and Energy.
1.6 Circuit Elements.
2
1.1 System of Units (1)
Six basic units
Quantity Basic unit Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram Kg
Time second s
Electric current ampere A
Thermodynamic kelvin K
temperature
Luminous intensity candela cd
3
1.1 System of Units (2)
The derived units commonly used in electric circuit theory

Decimal multiples and


submultiples of SI units 4
1.2 Electric Charges

• Charge is an electrical property of the atomic


particles of which matter consists, measured in
coulombs (C).

• The charge e on one electron is negative and


equal in magnitude to 1.602  10-19 C which is
called as electronic charge. The charges that
occur in nature are integral multiples of the
electronic charge.

5
1.3 Current (1)

• Electric current i = dq/dt. The unit of


ampere can be derived as 1 A = 1C/s.
• A direct current (dc) is a current that
remains constant with time.
• An alternating current (ac) is a current
that varies sinusoidally with time.
(reverse direction)

6
1.3 Current (2)

• The direction of current flow

Positive ions Negative ions

7
1.3 Current (3)
Example 1

A conductor has a constant current of


5 A.

How many electrons pass a fixed point


on the conductor in one minute?

8
1.3 Current (4)
Solution

Total no. of charges pass in 1 min is given by


5 A = (5 C/s)(60 s/min) = 300 C/min

Total no. of electronics pass in 1 min is given

300 C/min 21
 19
1.87 x10 electrons/min
1.602 x10 C/electron

9
1.4 Voltage (1)
• Voltage (or potential difference) is the energy
required to move a unit charge through an element,
measured in volts (V).

• Mathematically, (volt)
vab dw / dq
– w is energy in joules (J) and q is charge in coulomb (C).

• Electric voltage, vab, is always across the circuit


element or between two points in a circuit.
– vab > 0 means the potential of a is higher than potential of
b.
– vab < 0 means the potential of a is lower than potential of
10
b.
1.5 Power and Energy (1)
• Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing
energy, measured in watts (W).
dw dw dq
• Mathematical expression: p    vi
dt dq dt
i i

+ +

v v

– –
Passive sign convention
P = +vi p = –vi
absorbing power supplying power
11
1.5 Power and Energy (2)

• The law of conservation of energy

 p 0
• Energy is the capacity to do work, measured
in joules (J).
t t
• Mathematical expression w   pdt  vidt
t0 t0

12
1.6 Circuit Elements (1)
Active Elements Passive Elements

• A dependent source is an active


element in which the source quantity
is controlled by another voltage or
current.

• They have four different types: VCVS,


CCVS, VCCS, CCCS. Keep in minds
Independent Dependant the signs of dependent sources.
sources sources 13
1.6 Circuit Elements (2)
Example 2

Obtain the voltage v the branch shown in Figure 2.1.1P


for i2 = 1A.

Figure 2.1.1P

14
1.6 Circuit Elements (3)

Solution

Voltage v is the sum of the current-independent


10-V source and the current-dependent voltage
source vx.

Note that the factor 15 multiplying the control


current carries the units Ω.

Therefore, v = 10 + vx = 10 + 15(1) = 25 V

15

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy