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Exit exam Tutorial 2

The document provides a tutorial for an exit exam in Thermodynamics II for Chemical Engineering, covering key concepts such as the Ideal Gas Law, entropy, enthalpy of formation, and various thermodynamic equations and principles. It includes multiple-choice questions with correct answers and explanations related to gas behavior, phase equilibria, and chemical reactions. The tutorial serves as a review of essential thermodynamic principles and calculations relevant to the course.

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4 views28 pages

Exit exam Tutorial 2

The document provides a tutorial for an exit exam in Thermodynamics II for Chemical Engineering, covering key concepts such as the Ideal Gas Law, entropy, enthalpy of formation, and various thermodynamic equations and principles. It includes multiple-choice questions with correct answers and explanations related to gas behavior, phase equilibria, and chemical reactions. The tutorial serves as a review of essential thermodynamic principles and calculations relevant to the course.

Uploaded by

zelalemtumsa19
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COURSE INFORMATION

Course Name: Thermodynamic II for Chemical Engineering


Lesson Title : Exit Exam Tutuiorial 2
Instructor Name: Ms. Fana T.
Which equation is used to relate pressure, volume, and temperature of
an ideal gas?
A) Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
B) Van der Waals Equation
C) Ideal Gas Law
D) Maxwell Relation

✅ Answer: C) Ideal Gas Law


PV = nRT relates pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases.
Entropy is a measure of:
A) Internal energy
B) Heat capacity
C) Molecular disorder
D) Enthalpy

✅ Answer: C) Molecular disorder


Entropy quantifies randomness or disorder in a system.
The standard enthalpy of formation of an element in its standard state is:
A) 1 kJ/mol
B) 25 kJ/mol
C) 100 kJ/mol
D) 0 kJ/mol

✅ Answer: D) 0 kJ/mol

By convention, the standard enthalpy of formation of a pure element in its


most stable form is zero.
In a Carnot cycle, the net work done is:
A) Zero
B) Equal to the heat absorbed
C) The difference between heat absorbed and rejected
D) Infinity

✅ Answer: C) The difference between heat absorbed and rejected


Net Work = Q in - Q out
Fugacity is:
A) A form of kinetic energy
B) A correction factor for non-ideal gases
C) Always equal to pressure
D) Irrelevant for phase equilibria

✅ Answer: B) A correction factor for non-ideal gases


Fugacity replaces pressure in non-ideal gas behavior and phase
equilibrium equations.
Fugacity accounts for real gas deviations from ideal behavior and replaces
pressure in equilibrium calculations.
The triple point of a substance is where:
A) Solid and gas coexist
B) All three phases coexist
C) Liquid and vapor coexist
D) No phase change occurs

✅ Answer: B) All three phases coexist

Solid, liquid, and vapor phases coexist in equilibrium.


Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture equals the sum of the partial
pressures?
A) Raoult’s Law
B) Henry’s Law
C) Dalton’s Law
D) Boyle’s Law
✅ Answer: C) Dalton’s Law
Dalton's law states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal
to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
It applies to mixtures of ideal gases.
Raoult's law states that the vapor pressure of a solvent above a solution is equal to the vapor
pressure of the pure solvent at the same temperature
Henry’s law states that at the amount of gas that is dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional
to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid when the temperature is kept constant.
Boyle's law states that when the temperature of a given mass of confined gas is constant, the
product of its pressure and volume is also constant.
Henry's Law is applicable to:
A) Liquid-liquid equilibrium
B) Gas-liquid equilibrium
C) Solid-gas equilibrium
D) Supercritical fluids

✅ Answer: B) Gas-liquid equilibrium


Henry’s law states that at the amount of gas that is dissolved in a liquid is
directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas above the liquid
when the temperature is kept constant.
It relates the concentration of a gas in a liquid to its partial pressure above
the liquid.
The Gibbs-Duhem equation relates:
A) Temperature and entropy
B) Chemical potentials of components
C) Internal energy and enthalpy
D) Enthalpy and pressure

✅ Answer: B) Chemical potentials of components


Gibbs-Duhem equation, thermodynamic relationship expressing changes in the
chemical potential of a substance (or mixture of substances in a multicomponent
system) in terms of changes in the temperature T and pressure P of the system.
N dμ = −S dT + V dP
where N is the number of molecules of the substance, S is the entropy of the
system, and V the volume
Activity coefficient (γ) accounts for:
A) Ideal solution behavior
B) Non-ideal gas deviations
C) Non-ideal liquid behavior
D) Fugacity of gases

✅ Answer: C) Non-ideal liquid behavior

The activity coefficient corrects for deviations from Raoult’s Law in liquid
mixtures.
The fugacity coefficient (ϕ) is defined as:

✅ Answer:

It shows how much fugacity deviates from pressure. For ideal gases, ϕ = 0
Which of the following increases the boiling point of a liquid?
A) Increasing external pressure
B) Decreasing molecular weight
C) Increasing vapor pressure
D) Lowering surface tension

✅ Answer: A) Increasing external pressure

Boiling point increases with pressure because more energy is needed


to match the ambient pressure.
In a flash distillation process:
A) Only vapor is removed
B) Only liquid is removed
C) Liquid and vapor split after partial vaporization
D) Mixture is cooled completely

✅ Answer: C) Liquid and vapor split after partial vaporization

Flash distillation is based on equilibrium between partially vaporized feed.


Maxwell relations are derived
from:
A) First law
B) Second law
C) Gibbs-Duhem equation
D) Van der Waals equation

✅ Answer: B) Second law


They are derived using
thermodynamic
potentials and the second law.
For an ideal gas, the Maxwell relation from dG=VdP−SdT gives:

Answer: B)
The chemical potential of a pure component in its standard state is:
A) 1
B) 0
C) Equal to Gibbs energy
D) Undefined

✅ Answer: C) Equal to Gibbs energy

For pure substances, chemical potential = molar Gibbs free energy.


The chemical potential can be defined as the partial molar derivative
any of the four major thermodynamic functions U, H, A, or G.
A gas expands isothermally and reversibly from 1 L to 10 L at 300 K.
Calculate the work done (in J).
A) 574 J
B) 690 J
C) 571 J
D) 910 J

✅ Answer: C) 571 J
A gas has a fugacity of 8 bar at a pressure of 10 bar. What is the
fugacity coefficient (ϕ)?
A) 0.8
B) 1.2
C) 0.5
D) 1.0

✅ Answer: A) 0.8
For the reaction A↔B, the standard Gibbs free energy

Δ𝐺∘=−10kJ/mol. Find the equilibrium constant at 298


change is

K.
A) 5.4
B) 19.7
C) 54.6
D) 10.0

✅ Answer: C) 54.6
Solution:
from 5 L to 10 L, and 𝛾=1.4, find final pressure if initial
If 2 mol of an ideal gas undergoes adiabatic expansion

pressure is 5 bar.
A) 1.7 bar
B) 2.3 bar
C) 3.1 bar
D) 1.2 bar

✅ Answer: A) 1.7 bar

Solution:
Calculate the entropy change for the isothermal
expansion of 1 mol ideal gas from 5 L to 25 L at 400 K.
A) 13.4 J/K
B) 15.5 J/K
C) 18.1 J/K
D) 21.5 J/K

✅ Answer: D) 21.5 J/K

Solution:
For a binary mixture at constant T and P, how many degrees of freedom exist
according to Gibbs phase rule in the two-phase region?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

✅ Answer: B) 1

Solution:

F=C−P+2=2−2+2=2, but T and P are fixed⇒1 degree of freedom (composition)


A ⇌ B with 𝐾1= 10
For the following two reactions at equilibrium:

B ⇌ C with 𝐾2= 5
What is the equilibrium constant for A ⇌ C?
A) 2
B) 15
C) 50
D) 5

✅ Answer: C) 50
Solution: K=K 1*K 2 =10*5=50
For an ideal gas undergoing isothermal expansion from 2 L to 6 L at 300 K, calculate work
done (1 mol).
A) 2745 J
B) 4986 J
C) 5463 J
D) 9132 J

✅ Answer: C) 5463 J

Solution:
Enthalpy change of combustion of CH₄ is -890 kJ/mol. What is the entropy change at 298
K?
Assume ΔS = -0.24 kJ/mol·K.

A) -890 kJ/mol
B) +62.5 kJ/mol
C) -818.5 kJ/mol
D) -960.2 kJ/mol

✅ Answer: C) -818.5 kJ/mol


Solution:
ΔG=ΔH−TΔS=−890−(298⋅−0.24)=−890+71.52=−818.5kJ/mol
Given reaction:
N2+3H2⇌2NH3, if pressure increases, what happens to the
equilibrium?
A) Shifts left
B) Shifts right
C) No effect
D) Decomposes

✅ Answer: B) Shifts right


Reaction reduces moles from 4 → 2. Increasing pressure favors
fewer moles (Le Chatelier’s Principle).
 If H2 is added, there is now more reactant, so the reaction will shift

toward

products to reduce the added H2.

 If NH3 is added, there is now more product, so the reaction will shift

toward

reactants to reduce the added NH3.

 If NH3 is removed, there is now less product, so the reaction will shift

toward
products to replace the product removed.

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