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Lectrure8 - Virtual Work

The document introduces the concept of virtual work, detailing the work done by forces and moments during virtual displacements in mechanical systems. It outlines the principle of virtual work, stating that the total virtual work done by external forces on an ideal mechanical system in equilibrium is zero. Additionally, it discusses the application of virtual work in force analysis for rigid bodies under external forces.

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5 views12 pages

Lectrure8 - Virtual Work

The document introduces the concept of virtual work, detailing the work done by forces and moments during virtual displacements in mechanical systems. It outlines the principle of virtual work, stating that the total virtual work done by external forces on an ideal mechanical system in equilibrium is zero. Additionally, it discusses the application of virtual work in force analysis for rigid bodies under external forces.

Uploaded by

aditya.placements
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Virtual work: Introduction

Work done by a force…

dU = F.dr

U = (F cosα )Δ s
Basic concepts…

Work done by a moment…

dU = M dϴ

U = ∫ M dϴ
Basic concepts…

Virtual work

Any assumed and arbitrary small displacement r away from this natural position and
consistent with the system constraints is called a virtual displacement.

Virtual work is the work done by any force F acting on the particle during the virtual
displacement r

δU = F.δ r

OR

δ U = F (δ s) cos(α)
Principle of Virtual work for a rigid body

The virtual work done by external active forces on an


ideal mechanical system in equilibrium is zero for any
and all virtual displacements consistent with the
constraints.
Basic concepts…

Principle of Virtual work

For an assumed virtual displacement r of the particle away from its equilibrium
position, the total virtual work done on the particle is

(since ΣF = 0, which gives ΣFδx = 0, ΣF δ y = 0, and ΣF δ z=0.)


Principle of Virtual work for a rigid body

• The work done by P is -P(aδϴ)

• The work done by R is R(b δϴ) .

Since net virtual work = 0

Thus,

-P(aδϴ) + R(b δϴ) = 0

=> Pa = Rb
Force Analysis using the method of Virtual
Work
1. If a rigid body is in equilibrium under the action of external forces, the
total work done by these forces is zero for a small displacement of the
body.
2. Work:
W  F dx, W  T dθ
1. With F, x, T, q, vectors and W a scalar.
2. To indicate that we are dealing with infinitesimal displacements (virtual
displacements), use the notation:
W F x W T θ
3. Now apply the virtual work definition:

W  Fi x i   T j θ j 0
i j
Each member has mass 10 kg. Determine theta for equilibrium
Geometric constraints

Virtual work balance


Determine the reaction moment MA at the fixed support
A of the combined beam as shown.

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