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Chemistry (Matter) - Group 9

This document is a Grade 3 science module focusing on the changes that materials undergo, emphasizing the importance of understanding environmental changes due to population growth. It explains the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and how temperature affects these states, detailing processes like melting, boiling, freezing, and sublimation. The content aims to provide insights into the properties and behaviors of materials in relation to their transformations.

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Blessie Vhine Mostoles
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17 views9 pages

Chemistry (Matter) - Group 9

This document is a Grade 3 science module focusing on the changes that materials undergo, emphasizing the importance of understanding environmental changes due to population growth. It explains the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and how temperature affects these states, detailing processes like melting, boiling, freezing, and sublimation. The content aims to provide insights into the properties and behaviors of materials in relation to their transformations.

Uploaded by

Blessie Vhine Mostoles
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 2: CHEMISTRY (MATTER)

LESSON 1
CHANGES THAT
MATERIALS UNDER GO
(GRADE 3)
Presented by: Banawi Solis & Blessie Vhine Mostoles
OVERVIEW
The text emphasizes the importance of living in harmony with
the environment and understanding it to ensure survival. It
highlights the increasing demands on the environment due to
population growth, leading to changes in the environment.

The statement "Only change is permanent on Earth!"


underscores the inevitability of change and the adaptability
of materials to different conditions. It mentions that materials
can change due to factors such as temperature variations,
force application, mixing of materials, presence or absence of
oxygen, and the application of heat. These changes in
INTRODUCTION
Welcome to Grade 3 Science! In this
module, we will embark on an exciting
journey into the world of materials and the
fascinating transformations they can
undergo. Our exploration will help us
understand the various ways in which
materials can change, offering us valuable
insights into the properties and behaviors of
the substances that surround us.
Changes in Matter Due to Changes in
Temperature Matter
exists as solid, liquid, or gas. The change in state can be
brought about by the effect of heat or a change in
temperature. The
changes could be explained using the particle model.

Figure 1: Chart on the Change of State The particle model shows that solid,
liquid and gas are made up of small particles. These particles are always
moving. The behavior of these particles differs in the 3 states and hence
can be used to explain what happens in changes in state.
Solid
01 The particles in a solid are very close to each other. There is a very strong
force that holds these particles together. Hence, their movements are
limited. The particles are vibrating but not spreading apart. This explains
why solid has a rigid
and compact appearance.
Liquid
02 The particles in a liquid are arranged far apart from each
other. The force holding them is not as strong as that in
solid. Thus, the particles can glide or slide around one
other and tend to occupy the bottom of the container.
This explains why liquid takes on the shape of the
container.
Gas
03 Gas particles lie very far from each other. The force
holding them is very weak. This is the reason why the
particles of gas move faster.
Figure 2. The arrangement of particles in Liquid, Solid
and Gas
Changes
.
in Matter
A From Solis to Liquid
Heat energy is always present when matter changes state. As
temperature increases as observe when heat from the hot water is added
to solid like candy and wax, the particles in these solid materials take in
the heat energy. They change it into energy of motion and begin to move
and vibrate so fast. As the particles in the solid speed up, consequently
they also move farther apart. If the particles gained enough energy, they
will have enough room to slide past each other. They break free from their
fixed positions. Consequently, the solid matters (ice candy and wax) begin
to melt. Melting is the change of state from solid to a liquid.
B. From liquid to Gas
Increasing the temperature further of a liquid state like water which resulted from
melting, will cause the water particles to move faster and more rapidly farther
apart. This allows the particles to escape. The liquid water begins to change to a
gas - called water vapor. This can continue as long as heat is added or the
temperature increases, and the liquid will continue to boil. The bubbles of water
vapor will keep forming and escaping until all the liquid changes to gas. Boiling is
rapid change of state from a liquid to a gas. It occurs at or above the boiling
temperature. Vaporization takes place when the particles in a liquid gain enough
energy to move independently, forming a gas. Evaporation usually occurs on the
C. From liquid to Solid

Suppose more energy or heat is taken away from liquid like when
the liquid ice candy or just plain water is placed in the freezer
where the temperature is maybe 0°C or even lower, the particles in
the liquid will slow down. They will begin to move closer to each
other. If the particles lose enough energy the ice candy or the
water begins to freeze. The change of state from a liquid to a solid
is freezing.
D. From Solid to Gas

In some cases, solid particles present in solid state like naphthalene


balls are directly converted to gaseous state. This is only possible when
the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas.
During sublimation, particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid
state as they from a gas. As a solid material sublimates into a gas, the
freedom of motion of its particles increases. In the cas of naphthalene
balls, the material solid disappears, however, its odor can be smelled in
the air.
Thank
you!
Do you have any questions?

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