Part 1: Chemistry CMatter) Me Olle Prd Pee cuise ee rere fies useful changes Changes that Beereermmrticaeesull Materials Perens Pe UA Undergo (Grade 3) (© IwrRopucTion) cs of materials. In jh 7 istic’ In Module 1, you have noted the observable characte module, you will see that materials are capable of changing under oaning tate Changes can occur due to varying of temperature, applying force, C1 cng tei presence or lack of oxygen and applying heat. In the later part you nt oy different ways of separating components of mixtures. CHANGES THAT MATERIALS UNDERGO (GRADE 3) 4 Lesson Outcome: 1. Described changes in the materials due to the effect of temperature such as solid to liquid; liquid to solid; iquid to gas; and solid to gas pe Teaching Science in the Elementary GradesGk There are changes that can occur in materials, Some liquid materials can be changed into solid and several can even return back to liquid. There are liquid and solid materials which can be changed to gases. Gases can be changed too to liquids. _ Solids can be changed also to gases without even passing the liquid state. How is this possible? (Slescomm Let us investigate on changes that materials may go through by having this activity with your group mates. Activity1l: Effect of Heat on Some Materials Materials Needed: ¢ 4 aluminum foil made-up cups or container © assmall cube of margarine or butter, wax, deodorant, and ice candy © hot water in a thermos or pot heat resistant gloves basin or bow! to hold the warm water some ice cubes in a pan watch or timer laboratory thermometer Chart on the Change of State ° Procedure: Step 1. LL. Place the small cubes of margarine, wax, deodorant and ice candy respectively, in different made-up aluminum foil containers. 1.2. What will happen to the materials when the same amount of heat is applied to them at the same amount of time? Predict. 1.3 Closely observe the ice candy. QI. Why is the ice candy melting? 1.4. Pour the hot water from the thermos in a basin. Determine its temperature. 1.5. Place the 4 aluminum containers prepared in 1.1 simultaneously in the basin of hot wate. bath, Observe in 7 minutes. Module 2: Changes that Materials Undergo Lesson 1: Changes that Materials Undergo ( Grade 3)SO “al ning OF ANY acciq, : void burt ley ution: Be careful in handling the setup 10 YQ Q2. What change(s) did you observe? — e solid materials melt? ena the Q3. What cause(s) the change? Why did nto something else? Q4. When the material melted, did it change " ge of State, describe what Chang. QS. Using the Chart on the Cham vr explanation below, took place with the materials. Write yor ————_ “eee ST Explanation: [ Activity 2. Where did the Water Go?. | Materials needed: . Procedure: 100 ml water air thermometer piece of chalk Prepare a glass with 100 mL of water, air thermometer (if available), ani a piece of chalk. Next assemble with your group outside the classroom. Pour the water into a pool on top of the concrete pavement or on black surface to create a pool of water. Trace around the perimeter or border of the pool of water. Determine the surrounding air temperature. Predict the changes that might take place with the pool of water. After § minutes re-examine the pool. Check the chalk markings at the borders of the pot and the air temperature. Teaching Science in the Elementary GradesQ2. What changes te Q3. What seemed to be causing these ¢ You have just experienced doing an inquiry approach through investigation This is another way of introducing the idea of how matter transforms in state due to temperature change. Here are some background information on the topic Changes in Matter Due to Changes in Temperature Matter exists as solid, liquid, or gas. The change in state can be brought about by the effect of heat or a change in temperature. The changes could be explained using the particle model. ss a boiling — “freezing -ondensation gas liquid -Energy(heat) Figure 1: Chart on the Change of State ‘The particle model shows that solid, liquid and gas are made up of small particles. These particles are always moving. The behavior of these particles differs in the 3 states and hence can be used to explain what happens in changes in state. a Module 2: Changes that Materials Undergo Lesson 1: Changes that Materials Undergo ( Grade 3)Solid The particles in a solid are very close to cach other. There is a very strong force that holds these particles together. Hence, their movements are limited. The particles are vibrating but not spreading apart. This explains why solid has a rigig and compact appearance. Liquid The particles in a liquid are arranged far apart from each other. The force holding them is not as strong as that in solid. Thus, the particles can glide or slide around one other and tend to occupy the bottom of the container. This explains why liquid takes on the shape of the container. Gas Gas particles lie very far from each other. The force holding them is very weak. This is the reason why the particles of gas move faster. Figure 2. The arrangement of particles in Liquid, Solid and Gas ‘Changes in Matter A. From Solid to Liquid Heat energy is always present when matter changes state. As temperature increases as observed when heat from the hot water is added to solid like the ice candy and wax, the particles in these solid materials take in the heat energy. They change it into energy of motion and begin to move and vibrate so fast. As the particles in the solid speed up, consequently they also move farther apart. If the particles gained enough energy, they will have enough room to slide past each other. They break free from their fixed positions. Consequently, the solid matters (ice candy and wax) begin to melt. Melting is the change of state from solid to a liquid. ite Teaching Science in the Elementary Grades ’B. From Liquid to Gas quid state like water which Increasing the temperature further of a ti faster and resulted from melting, will cause the water particles to move f more rapidly farther apart. This allows the particles to escape, The hiquid water begins to change to a gas — called water vapor. This can continue as long as heat is added or the temperature increases, and the liquid will continue to boil. Bubbles of water vapor will keep forming and escaping until all the liquid changes to gas. Boiling is the rapid change of state from a liquid to a gas. It occurs at or above the boiling temperature. Vaporization takes place when the particles in a liquid gain enough energy to move independently, forming a gas. Evaporation usually occurs on the surface of the liquid. The situation can be observed when water in a covered drinking glass which is allowed to stay undisturbed overnight decreases its volume. This indicates that some of the water particles evaporated and changed to water vapor. Droplets of water can also be seen along the side of the closed drinking glass. These water droplets came from the water vapor or steam that changed into liquid. When water vapor comes in contact with a cool surface, it releases heat energy and the particles that make up the gas begin to slow down and move closer together. The gas changes again to a liquid. Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid . From Liquid to Solid Suppose more energy or heat is taken away from liquid like when the liquid ice candy or just plain water is placed in the freezer where the temperature is maybe 0°C or even lower, the particles in the liquid will slow down. They will begin to move closer to each other. If the particles lose enough energy the ice candy or the water begins to freeze. The change of state from a liquid to a solid is freezing. . From Solid to Gas In some cases, solid particles present in solid state like naphthalene balls are directly converted to gaseous state. This is only possible when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas. During sublimation, particles of a solid do not pass through the liquid state as they form a gas. As a solid material sublimates into a gas, the freedom of motion of its particles increases. In the case of naphthalene balls, the material solid disappears, however, its odor can be smelled in the air. Module 2: Changes that Materials Undergo Lesson 1: Changes that Materials Undergo ( Grade 3)i y beret] Within your group, create an analogy to describe the movement of particles, Fag, member of the group represents one particle. : : sroup dances 1. Demonstrate the movement of particles when the whole group 10 th, tune of a modern music. How does each member move? How far was the distance from each member while they uid, Do they move fast or slow? Ay, were dancing? Group members represent the particles of liq they far apart or near each other? coup dances to 2. Demonstrate the movement of particles when the whole grouP the tune of a sweet mellow music. How does each member move’ How far was the distance from each member while they were rticles of solid. Do they move fast or dancing? slow? Ary Group members represent the pa they far apart or near each other? : dances t 3. Demonstrate the movement of particles when the whole grouP © the tune of ballet music. How does each member move? > ; ins How far was the distance from each member while they were dancing: 2 Group members represent gas particles. Do they move fast or slow? Are the particles far apart or near each other? Q. Compare the movements and positions of people dancing to the tune of modern music, sweet mellow music, and ballet music with the motions of liquid particles, solid particles and gas particles. a (a) Evaluate) For Pre-Service Teachers A. Identify the changes that take place in matter by matching column A with column B. Write the letter of your choice on the space provided before each number. Teaching Science in the Elementary Gradeskr Column A Column B __1, Drying of drops of acetone A. solid to gas Is 2. Margarine heated in a pan on your finge! B, solid to liquid 3. Gelatine mixed with hot water C. liquid to gas and placed inside the refrigerator 4. Perfume sprayed on you D. gas to liquid 5. Air freshener in a can becomes E. liquid to solid lesser in volume as the can is opened. B. Multiple Choice: Select the best answer. Water droplets forms on a cold glass of soda drink. What state of matter was the water droplet before it formed on the glass and where did it come from? ie A B. B. c. It was a gas in the air. It was the liquid water that leaked through the glass. It was the liquid in the air that trickled at the side of the glass It was a part of the solid ice cube and diffused onto the side of the glass and became a liquid. Which of the following diagrams represents the particles of melting ice? ‘Module 2: Changes that Materials Undergo Lesson 1: Changes that Materials Undergo ( Grade 3)3 \ BR. Tiquid transforms into a gas Co gas transforms into a solid. D. solid transforms into a gas For Grade 3 Learner e resultin A. Look closely at the pictures below. Identify ate 7 and explain your answer on the space provided be Ice cream on the table “= a Bottled water in the refrigerator Solid transtorms into a fiquidl When does sublimation occur? When & g state in each situay ch picture. lene) inside Is (Naphthal Motibals ee ~ NAPHTHALENE BALLS Heavy Clouds in the sky Teaching Science in the Elementary GradesB. Answer this question How does knowledge of ies nowledge of change of state of matter help you in your everyday Let Us Reflect From this les: “Cl n this lesson on “Changes that Materials Undergo.” I learned that Module 2: Changes that Materials Undergo Lesson 1: Changes that Materials Undergo ( Grade 3)