‫ْح‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ٱ‬ ‫ِه‬‫َّٰل‬‫ل‬ ‫ٱ‬

‫َّر َٰمِن‬ ‫ِبْس ِم‬

‫ي‬ ‫ِح‬
‫َّر ِم‬ ‫ٱل‬
 COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering

ECG GRAPH MONITORING WITH

AD8232 ECG SENSOR & ARDUINO
Group Members: ABDUL HAKEEM FA20-BEE153,
ALI ALTAF FA20-BEE-141
Supervisor: DR.ADEEL AKRAM
Co-supervisors: SIR ALI ROMAN & DR.FAROOQ ALAM
CONTENTS
 Introduction
o Motivation
o Objectives
o Expected outcomes and deliverables

Background and related work

Framework

o Hardware
o Working and implementation
o Software
o Results
Project Management
Individual contribution and duties
Timeline
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
 Motivation:
Heart diseases are becoming a big issue for the last few decades and many people
die because of certain health problems. Therefore, heart disease cannot be taken lightly. By
analyzing or monitoring the ECG signal at the initial stage this disease can be prevented. So,
we present this project, ECG Monitoring with AD8232 ECG Sensor & Arduino and
interfacing Arduino with ESP32. The AD8232 is a neat little chip used to measure the
electrical activity of the heart. This electrical activity can be charted as an ECG or
Electrocardiogram. Electrocardiography is used to help diagnose various heart conditions. It
motivates users by offering continuous insights into their heart health, enabling early
detection of anomalies. This system promotes proactive healthcare, empowering individuals
to monitor and manage their cardiovascular well-being conveniently at home. So, in this
project, we will interface AD8232 ECG Sensor with Arduino and observe the ECG
signal on a monitor. The main part of project is by interfacing Arduino with esp32 so it will
transmit the graph to doctor or 2 nd user on blink lot application.
 Objective:
The Main Objective of this project are
following:
1. Enable continuous and real-time monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for immediate
feedback on heart health.
2. Detect and alert users to anomalies or irregularities in the ECG data, facilitating early
identification of potential cardiovascular issues.
3. Design a user-friendly interface that allows easy interaction with the monitoring system, making
it accessible for easy to use at home.
4. Ensure seamless integration with Arduino for flexibility, ease of programming, and accessibility
to a wide user base.
5. Helping users to send data (graph) to doctors in emergency cases using blink application.
6. Provide educational resources or documentation to help users understand their ECG data and
promote better awareness of cardiovascular health.
 Expected outcomes & deliverables:
The ECG monitoring system aims to
provide real-time heart health feedback, early anomaly detection, and user
empowerment through a portable, Arduino-integrated device. It delivers continuous
monitoring, alerts for critical situations, and data logging for trend analysis. Sending
real-time data to doctor on blink lot application using ESP32 interfacing with
Arduino. The outcome includes increased awareness, improved health management,
and privacy/security assurance for users.
BACKGROUND
 The background of the ECG Graph Monitoring System lies in the increasing importance of
proactive health monitoring.
 Cardiovascular diseases are a significant global health concern, and early detection plays a
crucial role in effective management.
 Traditional ECG systems are often bulky and confined to medical facilities, limiting
accessibility.
 The integration of AD8232 with an ECG sensor and Arduino addresses these challenges,
providing a portable and user-friendly solution for continuous heart health monitoring.
 After getting results, the interfacing of Arduino with ESP32 helps us transmit data to doctors
in emergency cases on blink lot application.
Related Work:
 AD8232 Integration: Previous work highlights the successful integration of AD8232 with
Arduino for ECG monitoring, demonstrating the feasibility of creating a compact and
accessible system.
 Portable ECG Systems: Research in portable ECG systems emphasizes the need for devices
that users can carry daily, promoting long-term monitoring and early anomaly detection.
 Arduino-Based Health Devices: Various health monitoring devices using Arduino have been
developed, showcasing the platform's versatility in creating cost-effective and customizable
solutions for different medical applications.
 Wireless Health Monitoring: Studies on wireless communication in health monitoring
systems have explored ways to enhance data transmission and accessibility, ensuring
seamless connectivity in diverse environments
 IoT in Healthcare: The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized healthcare by enabling remote patient
monitoring and real-time data transmission. ESP32-based devices can be integrated into IoT healthcare
systems for ECG monitoring, allowing for continuous monitoring of patients' heart activity.
 User Interface Design: Human-computer interaction research contributes insights into designing user-
friendly interfaces for health monitoring devices, aiming to enhance user experience and engagement.
 By building upon this background and drawing from related work, the ECG Graph Monitoring System
aims to offer a comprehensive, portable, and user-centric solution for continuous heart health monitoring.
FRAMEWORK
Hardware:
Component Required:
 AD8232 ECG sensor

 ECG Electrodes

 Arduino UNO

 ESP32

 Connecting Wires

 Micro USB Cables

ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is an 8-bit microcontroller board based on the ATmega328.

It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a16 MHz crystal oscillator, a power jack, an
ICSP header, a USB connection, and a reset button.
It has everything required to hold up the Arduino; Basically, connect it to a laptop with the help
of USB cable or power it with an adapter or battery to get initiated.
The Uno differs from all previous boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver
chip.
Instead, it features theAtmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
 ECG AD8232 SENSOR &
ELECTRODES

This sensor is a cost-effective board used to measure the electrical activity of the heart. This
electrical activity can be charted as an ECG or Electrocardiogram and output as an analog
reading. ECGs can be extremely noisy, the AD8232 Single Lead Heart Rate Monitor acts as an
op amp to help obtain a clear signal from the PR and QT Intervals easily.The AD8232 module
breaks out nine connections from the IC that you can solder pins, wires, or other connectors to.
SDN, LO+, LO-, OUTPUT, 3.3V, GND provide essential pins for operating this monitor with an
Arduino or other development board. Also provided on this board are RA (Right Arm), LA (Left
Arm), and RL (Right Leg) pins to attach and use your own custom sensors. Additionally, there is
an LED indicator light that will pulsate to the rhythm of a heartbeat.
ESP32

The ESP32 is a series of low-cost, low-power system-on-chip (SoC) microcontrollers with

integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, developed by Espressif Systems. It's widely used in
various Internet of Things (IoT) applications, wearable devices, and embedded systems due to
its versatility, performance, and low power consumption. The Esp32 runs on a Tensilica Xtensa
LX6 microprocessor with a clock speed of 240 MHz . It also contains two of these fast
microprocessor cores. Dual-core Xtensa LX6 CPU for enhanced performance and multitasking
capabilities. Integrated Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n) and Bluetooth (Bluetooth 4.2 and BLE)
connectivity. Low power consumption, making it suitable for battery-powered applications.
Hardware-based security features such as secure boot and flash encryption. Supported by a
robust development ecosystem with development boards, SDKs, and a vibrant community of
developers.
SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE
Hotspot/Wi-Fi
ESP32 lot Mobile
based. /laptop
Display

Interfacing
RA
HUMAN
BODY
ECG Arduino
LA MODULE microcontroller MONITERD
AD8232 UNO ISPLAY
RL
WORKING EXPLANATION
Hardware connectivity:
1. AD8232 Interface with Arduino Uno:
 The AD8232 sensor is connected to the Arduino Uno.
 The sensor has three electrodes: RA (Right Arm), LA (Left Arm), and RL (Right
Leg). RA and LA are connected to the analog pins of the Arduino to read ECG
signals.
 The sensor also requires a reference point, which is connected to RL.
 Arduino Uno processes the analog ECG signal from the sensor and converts it
into digital data.
2. ESP32 Interfacing with Arduino Uno:
 The Arduino Uno communicates with the ESP32 Dev Board using serial
communication (UART).
 Arduino sends the digital ECG data to the ESP32 in real-time.
WORKING EXPLANATION
3. ESP32 for IoT Connectivity:
 The ESP32 is equipped with Wi-Fi capabilities, enabling it to connect to a Wi-Fi network.
 Once connected, the ESP32 can send the ECG data to a server or cloud platform for
storage, analysis, or remote monitoring.
 It can also receive commands or notifications from the server, triggering actions such
as alerts or data logging.
4. Monitoring:
 First Arduino connected with AD8232 gives display of heartbeat on Monitor.
 Then interfacing Arduino with Esp32 transmit the graph to 2nd user monitor which can
be cell phone or any other display using hotspot or Wi-Fi.
5. Application (Blink lot):
 . Blink server is responsible for all the communications between the smartphone and
hardware basically used by ESP32 lot microcontrollers.
 The 2nd user uses blink lot application on mobile to see the wave transmitted from
ESP32 lot based using hotspot or Wi-Fi.
SYSTEM OPERATION:
 The AD8232 sensor detects the ECG signals from the body and sends them to the Arduino
Uno.

 Arduino Uno processes the ECG signals and sends the digital data to the ESP32 via UART.

 ESP32 connects to a Wi-Fi or hotspot network and sends the ECG data to a server or cloud
platform for storage or analysis.

 The system can provide real-time monitoring of the user's heart activity and enable remote
access to the ECG data for healthcare professionals or caregivers.
HARDWARE
IMPLEMENTATION:
SOFTWARE
IMPLEMENTATION:
 Code: • if((digitalRead(10) == 1)||(digitalRead(11) == 1)){

 void setup() {  Serial.println('!');

 // initialize the serial communication:  }

 else{
 Serial.begin(9600);
 // send the value of analog input 0:
 pinMode(10, INPUT); // Setup for leads off detection
LO +  Serial.println(analogRead(A0));

 pinMode(11, INPUT); // Setup for leads off detection  //int pulses = A0;

LO -  //analogWrite(A2,pulses);

  }

 }  //Wait for a bit to keep serial data from saturating

  delay(100);

 void loop() {  }
RESULTS:
 Normal ECG testing
PLUS GENERATE AND DISTORTION:
BEFORE DISTORTION: AFTER DISTORTION:
MONITOR &MOBILE APP DISPLAY:
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 Individual Contribution:

ABDUL HAKEEM
Working on software base work and circuit design.
ALI ALTAF
Working on the hardware and project research work.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
1. Requirement Gathering: Clearly define the requirements of the ECG monitoring system, including the features,
functionalities, and performance specifications. Identify the specific capabilities of the AD8232 sensor and the
ESP32 microcontroller.
2. Hardware Selection and Procurement: Ensure that you have all the necessary hardware components, including
the AD8232 sensor, Arduino board, ESP32 microcontroller, and any other required components. Procure the
hardware in advance to avoid delays.
3. Software Development Plan: Create a software development plan that outlines the programming languages,
libraries, and tools you will use to interface the AD8232 sensor with the ESP32 microcontroller. Break down the
software development tasks into manageable steps.
4. Integration Testing: Conduct thorough integration testing to ensure that the AD8232 sensor communicates
effectively with the Arduino and ESP32 interfacing with Arduino working properly. Test the data transmission,
signal processing, and display functionalities of the ECG monitoring system.
5. User Interface Design: Design a user-friendly interface for the ECG monitoring system that displays real-time
ECG data in a clear and understandable format.
6. User Testing and Feedback: Involve potential users, such as healthcare professionals or patients, in user testing
sessions to gather feedback on the usability and effectiveness of the ECG monitoring system. Incorporate user
feedback to improve the system.
7. Documentation and Maintenance: Document all aspects of the project, including hardware specifications,
software code, testing results, user manuals, and maintenance procedures. Maintain documentation for future
reference and system updates.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
 Project timeline
Acquire Components:Obtain AD8232 ECG sensor, Arduino board, ESP32, jumper wires, and
electrodes.
Connect Hardware:Wire AD8232 to Arduino then interfacing with ESP32, attach electrodes.
Write Arduino Code:Develop code for reading AD8232 data.
Write ESP32 code: Develop code to display result after interfacing with Arduino on blink lot
application.
Data analysis:Implement code to collect ECG data.
Signal Processing:Apply filtering and amplification.
Data Display:Code to show real-time ECG on Serial Monitor or external display.
Troubleshoot and Optimize:Debug code, optimize for efficiency.
Wireless Communication (Optional):Integrate hotspot or wi-fi using ESP32 for wireless data
transfer.
Testing and Validation:Ensure reliable operation, validate accuracy.
Documentation:Document project details and modifications .
CONCLUSION
 Impact on society:

The ECG Graph Monitoring System can positively impact society by enabling
early detection of heart issues, promoting proactive health monitoring, making healthcare more
accessible and affordable, empowering individuals with health insights, reducing the burden on
healthcare facilities, facilitating remote patient monitoring, serving as an educational tool, and
contributing valuable data for research and public health initiatives. Overall, it enhances
cardiovascular health awareness and improves the quality of life for individuals.
 Commercial aspect:

The commercial aspect involves creating a market for the ECG Graph
Monitoring System, making it available for purchase. It includes pricing the system competitively,
marketing it effectively to reach potential buyers, and ensuring a reliable supply chain for
components. Additionally, considerations for customer support, warranty, and potential partnerships
with healthcare providers or distributors play a role in its commercial success. The goal is to make
the system accessible to consumers while sustaining a viable business model.