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Smart Cloth

IoT project

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18 views6 pages

Smart Cloth

IoT project

Uploaded by

poojamahendran7094
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR 2024-2025ODD SEMESTER

MINI PROJECT REPORT

SMART CLOTH DESIGN

SUBMITTED BY:
K.ABINASH
A.ADHIMOOLAM
R.ADHITHIYA
K.ANUMANDAPPN
G.MADHAN

GUIDED BY:
MANORANJANI M
ABSTRACT :

Good qualities ECG are utilized byphysicians for interpretation and


diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. The rural hospitals of Nepal lack
necessary equipment and need modern medical devices. This article is
about an IoT-based ECG device in which AD8232 is used for the ECG
signal acquisition,usingbluefruitandroid application

INTRODUCTION :
In many parts of the world, a good amount of funds are invested in
research works to design efficient equipment for the diagnosing health
problems. Nowadays medical expert systems are increasing daily,
comprising smart transferrable diagnosing and nursing devices, one of
which is ECG. The world’s population is growing steeply. Still, the
number of health professionals is limited. Monitoring patients health
conditions in real time is very important for doctors to know about the
severity of patients and act accordingly. This design helps doctors know
patient’s condition remotely from wherever they are, being connected
through the Internet
The big companies tend to make complex designs and miniature parts
intended to protect the patented design and make them less repairable so
that the consumers have to buy new products whenever they get a small
problem with their device. This has led to the production of much
electronic waste, and people and countries face trouble buying those
products. In rural parts of the world where even paracetamol doesn’t
reach on time, it’s hard to expect that the expensive medical instruments
reach the hands of health professionals working in a few small clinics
and hospitals.

The extreme medical conditions, disabilities, and deaths can be reduced


significantly by early symptoms diagnosis. For an early diagnosis of
diseases related to the human body’s complex organs, such as the heart,
a doctor needs sophisticated instruments and tools. ECG is an approach
that measures and records the heart’s electrical activity. It can be sensed
by monitoring electrodes that are placed on the body surface. The basic
information that can be measured from the ECG signals is the heart rate
and heart rhythm. For example, a normal heart rate for adult is from 60
to 100 beats per minute and has a specific pattern of expansion and
contraction caused due to electrical activity in the cardiac muscles.
Clinicians try to detect the presence of any abnormal pattern recorded in
an electro-cardiograph. Each electrical activity of the heart has a
distinctive waveform

THEORY :
AD8232 :
It is a signal- lead, heart rate monitor sensor. It helps to measure the
electrical activities of heart over some time of the patient and extract the
signal. The AD8232 is an integrated frontend for signal conditioning of
cardiac bio potentials of heart rate monitoring. The sensor’s signal is
sent to ESP32 for further processing or directly monitored using the
serial monitor. It consists of a specialized instrument amplifier (IA), an
operational amplifier (AI), a right-leg drive amplifier (A2), and a mid-
supply reference buffer (A3). There is also the inclusion of leadoff
detection circuitry and an automatic fast restore circuit that returns the
signal shortly after leads are reconnected. It operates at 3.3 volts.
AD8232 has nine connection points’ shutdowns (SDN). LO+, LO-,
OUT, 3.3V, and GND are the most required pins during communication
with the development board such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Esp32 etc.

ELECTRODES:
Electrodes are devices that convert ionic potentials into electronic
potential. They are generally composed of lead (for conduction of
electrical current), a metal electrode, and electrode-conducting paste or
gel for surface electrode. Electrodes are used to detect the electrical
changes. The three electrodes are placed on the Right, Left, and Right
legs. Here, electrodes placed on the right arm provide negative input and
electrodes placed on left arm provides positive input to the
instrumentation amplifier of the AD8232, where the electrodes placed
on right acts as a ground for the ECG.

ESP32 :
ESP32 is used for the processing and transmission of signals. The output
obtained from the AD8232 is sent to microcontroller ESP32 where the
raw signal is processed. ESP32 integrates WIFI and Bluetooth module
which is one of the best modules for IoT applications. It integrates an
antenna switch, filters, power amplifier, and power management
modules. ESP32 is designed for mobile, Internet of Things (IoT), and
wearable electronics applications.

OVERALL ARCHITECTURE :
Portable:
The device has many communication interfaces, such as USB,
Bluetooth, TF card etc. The data can not only be sent to the PC side via
USB or the mobile phone side via Bluetooth but also be stored in in the
TF card as the file format, which is conducive to long-term monitoring
and analysis of the patient’s condition.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
RESULT :
Connecting first two leads on two wrists (one on each) and a third on the
right ankle, the signals were obtained and amplified in the AD8232 chip
and passed to the bluefruit app through ESP32.

CONCLUSION:
An AD8232-based ECG prototype that reads ECG signal from a patient
and displays it in anbluefruit android application.

REFERENCE:

1. Arduino has already been designed, developed, and tested as a


final year project in the Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and
Communication by the authors at Nepal Engineering College. The
data obtained are recorded, filtered, and uploaded to the cloud. The
prototype lasts for 48 hours on a battery of capacity 1,020mAh.
2. https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/iot-based-smart-ecg-
monitoring-system
3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
352264532_IoT_Health_Monitoring_Device_of_Oxygen_Saturatio
n_SpO2_and_Heart_Rate_Level
4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
344932004_IoT_Healthcare_Design_of_Smart_and_Cost-
Effective_Sleep_Quality_Monitoring_System
5. https://github.com/dannyngweekiat/esp32-serial-BLE-ECG/
tree/main

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