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SHWM Introduction

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13 views35 pages

SHWM Introduction

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apksingh011611
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE

MANAGEMENT– Introduction
WASTE
• Article 5 of the Basel Convention [Ref 1]: “ ‘Wastes’ are
substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be
disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of
national law”.
(Basel Convention - Control of Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, effective 5 May, 1992)

Waste Framework Directive [Ref 3] of the European Union,


Article 3: “‘Waste’ means any substance or object which the
holder discards or intends or is required to discard.”
TYPES OF WASTE
• MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE
• PLASTIC WASTE
• INDUSTRIAL WASTE
• BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
• E-WASTE
• BATTERY WASTE
• RADIOACTIVE WASTE
• HAZARDOUS WASTE
Solid Waste
Solid or semi-solid domestic waste, sanitary waste, commercial
waste, institutional waste, catering and market waste and other
non-residential wastes, street sweepings, silt removed or
collected from the surface drains, horticulture waste, agriculture
and dairy waste, treated bio-medical waste
excluding
industrial waste, bio-medical waste and e-waste, battery waste &
radioactive waste
MoEF&CC, 2016
Plastic Waste

“Plastic waste” means any plastic discarded after use or after their intended
use is over
Construction & Demolition Waste

“Construction and demolition waste" means the waste comprising


of building materials, debris and rubble resulting from
construction, re-modeling, repair and demolition of any civil
structure
Electronic Waste

Waste from
Electrical &
Electronic
equipment
(WEEE)

'E-waste' means electrical and electronic equipment, whole or in part


discarded as waste by the consumer or bulk consumer as well as rejects
from manufacturing, refurbishment and repair processes
Hazardous Waste
“Hazardous waste” means any waste which by reason of characteristics such
as physical, chemical, biological, reactive, toxic, flammable, explosive or
corrosive, causes danger or is likely to cause danger to health or
environment, whether alone or in contact with other wastes or substances

“domestic hazardous waste” means


discarded paint drums, pesticide cans, CFL
bulbs, tube lights, expired medicines, broken
mercury thermometers, used batteries, used
needles and syringes and contaminated
gauge, etc., generated at the household level
Bio-medical Waste

“Bio-medical waste" means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or research activities
pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biological or in health
camps
WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES BY MOEF&CC

• SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2016


• PLASTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2016
• ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2016
• CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2016
• HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2016
• BIO-MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2016
• BATTERY WASTE MANAGEMENT RULES 2020
• ATOMIC ENERGY (RADIATION PROTECTION) RULES 2004
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Functional Elements of a Solid Waste
Management System
WASTE GENERATION
Terminologies
• Refuse: synonym for solid waste
• Garbage: Wet waste
• Rubbish: Wastes with high ash conent
• Scrap: Wastes with high metal content
• Debris: Bulky waste such as construction wastes
Effective Solid Waste Management as per SWM
Rules 2016

Step 1: Segregation at source


Step 2: Primary collection Service at the doorstep
Step 3: Secondary storage
Step 4: Transfer and transport of waste
Step 5: Treatment/processing of waste
Step 6: Final disposal of waste at engineered landfills

17
Step 1 Segregation at source

Hazardous Wet Dry Street Sweeping C&D Waste

1. Wastes from bulk waste generators and household waste generators (Wet, Dry and Hazardous)
2. Store street sweeping and silt separately and transport to waste disposal site through MRF
(Material Recovery Facility).
3. Store C&D waste separately as and when generated and handover to ULB representative
Step 2 Primary Collection Service
Collecting, lifting and removal of segregated solid waste from source
of its generation
Stream-1
Collect from the door step – Biodegradable (wet organic) waste, residual
recyclable and combustible wastes stored at households, shops and
establishments – In separate vehicles/compartments and deliver at the
respective processing facility through MRF.

Stream-2
Collect and transport separately inert waste such as street sweeping and silt
from the drain and take directly to waste disposal site through MRF without
mixing with waste collected from the doorstep.

Stream-3
Construction and demolition waste to be collected separately and utilized for
making bricks, paver blocks, aggregate or any other useful product in terms of
C&D Waste Management Rules, 2016
19
Modus-operandi for Door to Door collection

• Door-to-door collection through motorized


vehicles from accessible areas. (About 80%)
• One LCV (Light Commercial Vehicle) can cover
1500 – 2000 households/day.

• Door to door collection through handcarts/tricycles with


community participation in congested areas. (About 20%)
• One Tricycle can cover on and average 200 household/day.
• Hand cart/tricycle to be used for primary collection of
segregated waste from narrow lanes, slums and informal
settlements and taking waste to collection vehicle stationed
on the approachable road.

20
Step 3 : Secondary Storage
Temporary containment of solid waste after collection at secondary
waste storage depots or MRFs or bins for onward transportation of
the waste to the processing or disposal facility

• Temporary Storage for domestic waste (Wet and Dry)


• Temporary Storage of inert street waste and silt at least 4 per
sq.km.
• Temporary Storage for domestic hazardous waste (at least
one centre per 20 sq.km area)

21
 1.1 m3 or Large
Waste Storage Depots
covered containers
could preferably be
used for temporary
storage of waste.

22
Step 4: Transfer and Transport of waste
• Use covered vehicles which synchronize with primary collection/secondary storage system

• Avoid multiple & manual handling of waste


• Ensure regular transportation of segregated waste to respective processing and/or
disposal facilities
Transfer station
1. For cost effective transportation of waste from collection areas,
set up transfer stations if distance to be travelled for delivery of
waste at treatment/disposal facility exceeds 15 km
2. Provide material recovery facility, if possible, to facilitate
recovery of recyclables by waste pickers.
3. Provide a weigh bridge to keep record of the waste handed.
Option of transportation
• Transportation of segregated domestic, institutional and commercial
waste to be made in covered vehicles from the door step to respective
processing facilities for deriving multiple benefits

• Transportation of inert street sweepings to be made separately and


taken to landfills through MRF to avoid mixing up with domestic waste

• Transportation of C&D waste to be made separately from notified


collection centres to C&D waste processing plants. No mixing up with
other wastes
Transfer Station
Facility created to receive solid waste from collection areas and transport in bulk in
covered vehicles or containers to waste processing and, or, disposal facilities
Step 5 : Treatment / Processing of Waste

Biochemical Conversion

(i) Composting

(ii) Biomethanation

Thermal Conversion

(i) Combustion

(ii) Gasification

(iii) Pyrolysis
Composting
Composting is a controlled, aerobic (oxygen-required) process that converts organic
materials into a nutrient-rich soil amendment or much through natural decomposition.
The end product is compost – a dark, crumbly, earthy-smelling material
Biomethanation
Solid waste is treated in closed vessels where, in the absence of oxygen microorganisms
break down the organic matter. into a stable residue, and generate a methane-rich biogas
in the process.  This biogas can then be used as a source of renewable energy.

1000 Kg / day Capacity Biogas Plant 500 Kg/Day Capacity Biogas Plants
Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis process consists of both simultaneous and successive reactions when carbon-
rich organic material is heated in a non-reactive atmosphere. Simply speaking, pyrolysis
is the thermal degradation of organic materials in the absence of oxygen. Thermal
decomposition of organic components in the waste stream starts at 350°C–550°C and
goes up to 700°C–800°C in the absence of air/oxygen.
Source: https://cpcb.nic.in/uploads/MSW/SW_treatment_Technologies.pdf
Step 6: Final Disposal of Waste at Engineered Landfills

Only rejects from the treatment plants and inert waste to be land filled

Precious land must be saved and bio degradable, recyclable wastes and C&D
waste should not be allowed to be landfilled
Step 6: Final Disposal of Waste at Engineered Landfills

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