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Derivatives of Functions: Christian Caben M. Larisma

The document discusses key concepts related to derivatives of functions including: 1) The definition of the tangent line to the graph of a function at a point, and how to find the slope and equation of the tangent line. 2) Definitions of the normal line to a graph and the derivative of a function, and how to calculate derivatives using limits. 3) Several theorems related to finding derivatives of algebraic functions using rules like the power rule, constant multiple rule, sum and difference rule, product rule, and quotient rule.

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Eegnayb Majait Cuizon
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88 views18 pages

Derivatives of Functions: Christian Caben M. Larisma

The document discusses key concepts related to derivatives of functions including: 1) The definition of the tangent line to the graph of a function at a point, and how to find the slope and equation of the tangent line. 2) Definitions of the normal line to a graph and the derivative of a function, and how to calculate derivatives using limits. 3) Several theorems related to finding derivatives of algebraic functions using rules like the power rule, constant multiple rule, sum and difference rule, product rule, and quotient rule.

Uploaded by

Eegnayb Majait Cuizon
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Derivatives of Functions

CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA


CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Consider the function f
continuous at P(x
1
, f(x
1
)).
Let I be an open interval
that contains x
1
and on
which f is defined. Let Q(
x
2
, f(x
2
)) be another point
on the graph of f such that
x
2
is also in I.
Derivatives of Functions
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Definition of the Tangent Line to the Graph of a Function

Suppose a function f is continuous at x
1
. The tangent line to the
graph of f at the point P(x
1
, f(x
1
)) is
(i) The line through P having slope m(x1), given by


m(x
1
) =

if this limit exists;
(ii) The line x = x
1
if

is + or -


( ) ( )
1 1
lim
0
f x x f x
x
x
+A
A
A
( ) ( )
1 1
lim
0
f x x f x
x
x

+A
A
A
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
1;(5,2) y x =
( ) ( )
1 1
( ) lim
1
0
f x x f x
m x
x
x
+A
=
A
A
4 4
(5) lim
0
x
m
x
x
+A
=
A
A
(5 ) 1 5 1
(5) lim
0
x
m
x
x
+A
=
A
A
4 2 4 2
(5) lim
4 2
0
x x
m
x
x
x
+A +A +
= -
A
+A +
A
4 2
(5) lim
0
x
m
x
x
+A
=
A
A
4 4
(5) lim
( 4 2)
0
x
m
x x
x
+A
=
A +A +
A
(5) lim
( 4 2)
0
x
m
x x
x
A
=
A +A +
A
1
(5) lim
( 4 2)
0
m
x
x
=
+A +
A
1
( 4 0 2)
m=
+ +
1
( 4 2)
m=
+
1
(2 2)
m=
+
1
4
m=
Solving the slope
Example:
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Solving the equation of the line






1 1
( ) y y m x x =
1
2 ( 5)
4
y x =
1 5
2
4 4
y x =
1 5
2
4 4
y x = +
1 5 8
4 4 4
y x = +
1 3
4 4
y x = +
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Try this!

1.) Find the equation of the tangent line that
intersects the curve y = x
2
1 at ( 2, 3 ).


2.) Solve for the equation of the line tangent to the
curve y = x
3
at the point ( 1, 1 ).

CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Definition of the Normal Line to a Graph

The normal line to a graph at a given point is the
line perpendicular to the tangent line at that
point.
Definition of the Derivative of a Function

The derivative of the function f is that function, denoted
by f, such that its value at a number x in the domain of f
is given by

if this limit exists.

1 1
0
( ) ( )
'( ) lim
x
f x x f x
f x
x
A
+A
=
A
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Example: Find the derivative of f if f(x) = 3/x.

Solution: If x is a number in the domain of f, then















0
0
0
0
0
2
2
( ) ( )
'( ) lim
3 3
lim
(3 3)( )
lim
( )( )
3
lim
( )( )
3
lim
( )( )
3
3
'( )
x
x
x
x
x
f x x f x
f x
x
x x x
x
x x x
x x x x
x
x x x x
x x x
x
f x
x
A
A
A
A
A
+A
=
A

+A
=
A
+A
=
A +A
A
=
A +A

=
+A
=
=
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Symbols for Derivative:















'( )
( )
x
f x
dy d
or y
dx dx
D
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Try this!

Find the indicated derivative:

2
1
1.)
1
6
2.) ( ) 3
x
D
x
d
y x
dx
x
=

= +
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Theorem:
If a function f is differentiable at x
1
, then f is continuous at x
1
.
Definition of a One-Sided Derivative
(i) If the function f is defined at x
1
, then the derivative from
the right of f at x
1
, is denoted by f
+
(x
1
), is defined by


f
+
(x
1
) =




1 1
( ) ( )
lim
0
f x x f x
x
x
+
+A
A
A
1 1
1
1
1
( ) ( )
' ( ) lim
f x x f x
f x
x x
x x
+
+
+A
=

CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA


Definition of a One-Sided Derivative

(ii) If the function f is defined at x
1
, then the derivative from
the left of f at x
1
, is denoted by f
-
(x
1
), is defined by


f
-
(x
1
) =







1 1
1
1
1
( ) ( )
' ( ) lim
f x x f x
f x
x x
x x


+A
=

1 1
( ) ( )
lim
0
f x x f x
x
x

+A
A
A
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Theorems on Differentiation of
Algebraic Functions and Higher-
Order Derivative
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Theorem: The Constant Rule of Differentiation
If c is a constant and if f(x) = c for all x, then
f (x) = 0
Theorem: The Power Rule ( for Positive Integer Powers)
of Differentiation
If n is a positive integer and if f(x) = x
n
, then
f (x) = nx
n-1
Theorem: The Constant Multiple Rule of Differentiation
If f is a function, c is a constant, and g is the function defined by
g(x) = c f(x)

then if f (x) exists,
g (x)=c f(x)
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Theorem: The Sum Rule of Differentiation
If f and g are functions and if h is the function defined by
h(x)=f(x)+g(x)
then if f (x) and g (x) exist,
h (x)=f (x)+g (x)
Theorem:
The derivative of the sum of a finite number of functions is
equal to the sum of their derivatives if these derivatives
exist.
Theorem: The Product Rule of Differentiation
If f and g are functions and if h is the function defined
by
h(x)=f(x)g(x)
then if f (x) and g (x) exist
h (x)=f(x)g (x)+g(x)f (x)
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Theorem: The Quotient Rule of Differentiation
If f and g are functions and if h is the function
define by


, where g(x) 0



then if f (x) and g (x),




( )
( )
( )
f x
h x
g x
=
| |
( ) '( ) ( ) '( )
'( )
2
( )
g x f x f x g x
h x
g x

=
CHRISTIAN CABEN M. LARISMA
Theorem: The Power Rule (for Negative Integer
Powers) of Differentiation
If f(x) = x
-n
where n is a negative integer and
x0, then
f (x) = -nx
-n-1
Thank You!

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