跳至內容

普洛尼克數

本頁使用了標題或全文手工轉換
維基百科,自由的百科全書

數學中,普洛尼克數(pronic number),也叫矩形數(oblong number),是兩個連續非負整數積,即。第n個普洛尼克數都是n的三角形數的兩倍。開頭的幾個普洛尼克數是:

0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, 42, 56, 72, 90, 110, 132, 156, 182, 210, 240, 272, 306, 342, 380, 420, 462, 506, 552, 600, 650, 702, 756, 812, 870, 930, 992, 1056, 1122, 1190, 1260, 1332, 1406, 1482, 1560, 1640, 1722, 1806, 1892, 1980, 2070, 2162, 2256, 2352, 2450, 2550, ...(OEIS數列A002378

性質

[編輯]

特殊的普洛尼克數

[編輯]
  • 同時為普洛尼克數及三角形數的數(不定方程式):最小的幾個為0, 6, 210, 7140, 242556, 8239770,……[3][4],對應的值分別為0, 2, 14, 84, 492, 2870,……(OEIS數列A053141),對應的值分別為0, 3, 20, 119, 696, 4059,……(OEIS數列A001652)。

註釋

[編輯]
  1. ^ 若n≡0 (mod 9),則n×(n+1)≡0×1≡9 (mod 9)
    • 若n≡1 (mod 9),則n×(n+1)≡1×2≡2 (mod 9)
    • 若n≡2 (mod 9),則n×(n+1)≡2×3≡6 (mod 9)
    • 若n≡3 (mod 9),則n×(n+1)≡3×4≡12≡3 (mod 9)
    • 若n≡4 (mod 9),則n×(n+1)≡4×5≡20≡2 (mod 9)
    • 若n≡5 (mod 9),則n×(n+1)≡5×6≡30≡3 (mod 9)
    • 若n≡6 (mod 9),則n×(n+1)≡6×7≡42≡6 (mod 9)
    • 若n≡7 (mod 9),則n×(n+1)≡7×8≡56≡2 (mod 9)
    • 若n≡8 (mod 9),則n×(n+1)≡8×9≡72≡9 (mod 9)
    故得證。
  2. ^ 若n≡0 (mod 10),則n×(n+1)≡0×1≡0 (mod 10)
    • 若n≡1 (mod 10),則n×(n+1)≡1×2≡2 (mod 10)
    • 若n≡2 (mod 10),則n×(n+1)≡2×3≡6 (mod 10)
    • 若n≡3 (mod 10),則n×(n+1)≡3×4≡12≡2 (mod 10)
    • 若n≡4 (mod 10),則n×(n+1)≡4×5≡20≡0 (mod 10)
    • 若n≡5 (mod 10),則n×(n+1)≡5×6≡30≡0 (mod 10)
    • 若n≡6 (mod 10),則n×(n+1)≡6×7≡42≡2 (mod 10)
    • 若n≡7 (mod 10),則n×(n+1)≡7×8≡56≡6 (mod 10)
    • 若n≡8 (mod 10),則n×(n+1)≡8×9≡72≡2 (mod 10)
    • 若n≡9 (mod 10),則n×(n+1)≡9×10≡90≡0 (mod 10)
    故得證。
  3. ^ 因為n與(n+1)差1,所以兩數互質,故若n×(n+1)為平方數,則n與(n+1)也皆為平方數,2個平方數差1,則必為0與1,因此唯一的普洛尼克數兼平方數為0=0×1。
  4. ^ 普洛尼克數 n(n+1) 的4倍加1是4n2+4n+1 = (2n+1)2
  5. ^ 兩個相鄰的普洛尼克數 n(n+1) 和 (n+1)(n+2) 的平均是 (2n+2)(n+1)/2 = (n+1)2

參考資料

[編輯]
  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Knorr, Wilbur Richard英語Wilbur Knorr, The evolution of the Euclidean elements, Dordrecht-Boston, Mass.: D. Reidel Publishing Co.: 144–150, 1975 [2021-03-18], ISBN 90-277-0509-7, MR 0472300, (原始內容存檔於2016-05-08) .
  2. ^ McDaniel, Wayne L., Pronic Fibonacci numbers (PDF), Fibonacci Quarterly, 1998, 36 (1): 56–59 [2017-05-26], MR 1605341, (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2020-09-29) 
  3. ^ Sloane, N.J.A. (編). Sequence A029549 (Triangular numbers that are also pronic numbers). The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. OEIS Foundation. 
  4. ^ pronic numbers. NUMBERS APLENTY. [2021-02-05]. (原始內容存檔於2021-02-25). 
pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy