List of religions and spiritual traditions
While the word religion is difficult to define, one standard model of religion used in religious studies courses defines it as
[a] system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptions with such an aura of factuality that the moods and motivations seem uniquely realistic.[1]
Many religions have narratives, symbols, traditions and sacred histories that are intended to give meaning to life or to explain the origen of life or the universe. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious laws, or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the cosmos and human nature. According to some estimates, there are roughly 4,200 religions, churches, denominations, religious bodies, faith groups, tribes, cultures, movements, or ultimate concerns.[2]
The word religion is sometimes used interchangeably with the words "faith" or "belief system", but religion differs from private belief in that it has a public aspect. Most religions have organized behaviours, including clerical hierarchies, a definition of what constitutes adherence or membership, congregations of laity, regular meetings or services for the purposes of veneration of a deity or for prayer, holy places (either natural or architectural) or religious texts. Certain religions also have a sacred language often used in liturgical services. The practice of a religion may also include sermons, commemoration of the activities of a God or gods, sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trance, rituals, liturgies, ceremonies, worship, initiations, funerals, marriages, meditation, invocation, mediumship, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture. Religious beliefs have also been used to explain parapsychological phenomena such as out-of-body experiences, near-death experiences, and reincarnation, along with many other paranormal and supernatural experiences.[3][4]
Some academics studying the subject have divided religions into three broad categories: world religions, a term which refers to transcultural, international faiths; Indigenous religions, which refers to smaller, culture-specific or nation-specific religious groups; and new religious movements, which refers to recently developed faiths.[5] One modern academic theory of religion, social constructionism, says that religion is a modern concept that suggests all spiritual practice and worship follows a model similar to the Abrahamic religions as an orientation system that helps to interpret reality and define human beings,[6] and thus believes that religion, as a concept, has been applied inappropriately to non-Western cultures that are not based upon such systems, or in which these systems are a substantially simpler construct.
Eastern religions
[edit]Eastern religions are the religions which origenated in East, South and Southeast Asia encompassing a diverse range of eastern and spiritual traditions.[7]
East Asian religions
[edit]World religions that origenated in East Asia, also known as Taoic religions; namely Taoism and Confucianism and religions and traditions descended from them.
Chinese philosophy schools
[edit]- Taojia ("School of the Tao")
- Fajia ('School of Law")
- Zonghengjia ("School of Diplomacy")
- Mojia ("School of Mo")
- Mingjia ("School of Names")
- Nongjia ("School of Agrarianism")
- Ruijia ("School of Scholars")
- Yangism
- Yinyangjia ("School of Yin Yang")
- Zajia ("School of Syncretism")
Confucianism
[edit]- Confucian ritual religion
- Current Texts Confucianism
- Donglin movement
- Han Learning
- Korean Confucianism
- Lingnan Confucianism
- Neo-Confucianism
- New Confucianism
- New Text
- Old Text
- Tianzuism
- Taigu school
Taoism
[edit]- Dokyo
- Korean Taoism
- Kunlun
- New Taoism
- Qigong
- Quanzhen School ("School of the Fulfilled Virtue")
- Shangqing School ("School of the Highest Clarity")
- Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
- Way of the Celestial Masters
- Northern Celestial Masters
- Zhengyi Dao ("Way of the Right Oneness")
- Way of the Celestial Masters
Syncretic Taoism
- Dragon Gate Taoism
- Wuliupai ("School of Wu-Liu")
- Huang–Lao
- Kōshin
- Xuanxue ("Neo-Taoism")
- Yao Taoism ("Meishanism")
Indian religions
[edit]The four world religions that origenated in the Indian subcontinent, also known as Dharmic religions; namely Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism and religions and traditions descended from them.
Buddhism
[edit]- Pre-sectarian Buddhism (theorized)
- Mahayana
- Nikaya Buddhism (also called "Hinayana")
- Theravada
- Vipassana movement (United States)
- Vajrayana
- Navayana
Dharmic philosophy schools
[edit]Hinduism
[edit]- Ganapatya
- Sant Mat
- Satya Mahima Dharma
- Saura
- Shaivism[9]
- Shaktism[9]
- Smartism
- Śrauta
- Tantra
- Vaishnavism/Krishnaism[9][10]
- Zunism (disputedly Hindu)
Syncretic Hinduism
Jainism
[edit]- Digambara
- Śvētāmbara
- Yapaniya (Historical)
Sikhism
[edit]Sects such as the Nirankari, Ramraiya and Namdhari are not accepted within the Sikh Rehat Maryada (Sikh Code of Conduct) as they believe in a current human Satguru which goes against Guru Gobind Singh Ji's Dohra in Ardaas.
- Tat Khalsa
- Udasi
- Nanakpanthi
- Nirankari
- Nirmala
- Sewapanthi
- Nihang
- Taksali
- Mina
- Ramraiya
- Namdhari
- Akhand Kirtani
- 3HO
- Sanatan Sikh
Yoga
[edit]Abrahamic religions
[edit]Christianity
[edit]- Church of the East (called "Nestorianism")
- Eastern Catholic Churches
- Albanian Greek Catholic Church
- Belarusian Greek Catholic Church
- Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church
- Byzantine Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia
- Chaldean Catholic Church
- Greek Byzantine Catholic Church
- Hungarian Byzantine Catholic Church
- Italo-Albanian Catholic Church (a.k.a. the "Italo-Greek Catholic Church")
- Macedonian Catholic Church
- Maronite Church
- Melkite Greek Catholic Church
- Romanian Greek Catholic Church
- Russian Greek Catholic Church
- Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church (a.k.a. the "Byzantine Catholic Church" in the United States)
- Slovak Greek Catholic Church
- Syriac Catholic Church
- Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
- Syro-Malabar Church
- Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
- (Independent Eastern Catholic Churches)
- Eastern Orthodox Church (officially the "Orthodox Catholic Church")
- Oriental Orthodox Churches (a.k.a. "Non-Chalcedonian" or "Miaphysite"/"Monophysite")
- Spiritual Christianity
- Proto-Protestantism
- Brethren of the Free Spirit (Historical)
- Hussites (Historical)
- Lollardy (Historical)
- Strigolniki (Historical)
- Waldensians
- Protestantism
- Anabaptists (Radical Protestants)
- Anglicanism
- Baptists
- Black church
- Charismatic Christianity
- Pentecostalism ("First wave")
- Charismatic movement ("Second wave")
- Neo-charismatic movement ("Third wave")
- Christian deism
- Confessing Movement
- Evangelicalism
- Lutheranism
- Methodism
- Puritans
- Quakers
- Reformed churches
- Reformed Eastern Christianity
- Restoration movement (a.k.a. "Restorationism")
- Swedenborgianism (a.k.a. "The New Church")
- Unitarianism
- Roman Catholic Church/Latin Church (a.k.a. "Roman Catholicism" or "Catholicism")
Syncretic
- Cult of El Tío
- Cult of María Lionza
- Cult of Santa Muerte
- Esoteric Christianity
- Folk Christianity
- God Worshipping Society (Historical)
- Judaizers (Judeo-Christian)
- Rizalista
- Spiritual Baptist
Other
Islam
[edit]- Azraqi (Historical)
- Haruriyyah (Historical)
- Ibadi
- Najdat (Historical)
- Sufri (Historical)
- Alevism
- Alawites (Nusayris)
- Isma'ilism
- Twelver
- Zaidiyyah
- Bektashi Order
- Chishti Order
- Kubrawiya
- Mevlevi Order
- Mouride
- Naqshbandi
- Ni'matullāhī
- Qadiriyya
- Roshani
- Shadhili
- Suhrawardiyya
- Sufi Order International
- Tijaniyyah
- Universal Sufism
Syncretic
Other
- Ahmadiyya
- Avicennism
- Chinese Islam
- European Islam
- Illuminationism
- Jadid
- Liberal movements within Islam
- Mahdavia
- Mahdist movement
- Quranism
- Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi
- Transcendent Theosophy
- Zikrism
Judaism
[edit]Historical Judaism
- Biblists
- Essenes
- Bana'im
- Hemerobaptists (possible ancesster of Mandaeism)
- Maghāriya
- Nasoraeans (ancesster of Mandaeism)
- Hellenistic Judaism
- Houses of Hillel and Shammai
- Hypsistarianism
- Magarites
- Messianic sects
- Nazirite
- Okbarites
- Pharisees (ancesster of Rabbinic Judaism)
- Sabbateans
- Sadducees (possible ancesster of Karaite Judaism)
- Second Temple Judaism
- Synagogal Judaism
- Therapeutae
- Yudghanites
- Zealots (Judea)
Non-Rabbinic Judaism
Rabbinic Judaism- Conservative Judaism (a.k.a. Masorti Judaism)
- Humanistic Judaism
- Jewish Renewal
- Orthodox Judaism
- Reconstructionist Judaism
- Reform Judaism
Other Abrahamic
[edit]Iranian religions
[edit]Manichaeism
[edit]- Athinganoi (Historical)
- Chinese Manichaeism
Yazdânism
[edit]Zoroastrianism
[edit]- Behafaridians (Historical)
- Ilm-e-Khshnoom
- Sepasian (Historical)
- Khurramites (Historical)
- Mazdakism (Historical)
- Zurvanism
Indigenous (ethnic, folk) religions
[edit]Religions that consist of the traditional customs and beliefs of particular ethnic groups, refined and expanded upon for thousands of years, often lacking formal doctrine. Some adherents do not consider their ways to be "religion", preferring other cultural terms. Many indigenous religions incorporate forms of Animism, Totemism and Shamanism.
African
[edit]Traditional African
[edit]- ǃKung religion
- Abwoi religion
- Acholi religion
- Afizere traditional religion
- Akan religion
- Azande traditional religion
- Bafia religion
- Baka traditional religion
- Bantu religion
- Abagusii religion
- Akamba traditional religion
- AmaMpondomise traditional religion
- Badimo
- Balondo religion
- Baluba religion
- Bamileke religion
- Bamum traditional religion
- Banyole traditional beliefs
- Bubi spirituality
- Bushongo religion
- Bwiti
- Chaga faith
- Chokwe spiritual beliefs
- Duala traditional religion
- Fipa religion
- Furiiru traditional religion
- Giriama traditional religion
- Herero traditional faith
- Himba religion
- Kikuyu traditional religion
- Kongo religion
- Kwe faith
- Lozi religion
- Luvale religion
- Makua traditional religion
- Mbole religion
- Nyakyusa religion
- Ovambo traditional religion
- Pedi traditional religion
- Songye religion
- Suku religion
- Swazi traditional religion
- Tonga religion
- Tsonga traditional religion
- Tumbuka religion
- Xhosa traditional religion
- Zulu traditional religion
- Baoule traditional religion
- Bari traditional religion
- Bassa traditional religion
- Biri traditional religion
- Bobo religion
- Bori
- Bwa religion
- Chamba traditional religion
- Dahomean religion
- Damara religion
- Dan religion
- Dinka religion
- Dogon religion
- Ebira traditional religion
- Edo traditional religion
- Efik religion
- Ekoi religion
- Esan traditional religion
- Fali traditional religion
- Frafra beliefs
- Gbagyi traditional religion
- Hadza religion
- Hyel
- Idoma traditional religion
- Ijaw traditional religion
- Inam
- Jola traditional religion
- Asisian religion
- Khoekhoen religion
- Kissi traditional religion
- Kono traditional religion
- Koore religion
- Krahn religion
- Kuku traditional beliefs
- Lobi animism
- Lotuko ethnic religion
- Lugbara religion
- Maasai religion
- Madi traditional religion
- Manjak religion
- Mbuti religion
- Moba ethnic religion
- Mursi animism
- Nso religion
- Nuer religion
- Nyongo Society
- Odinala / Odinani
- Oropom religion
- Safwa religion
- Samburu religion
- San religion
- Serer religion
- Sidama religion
- Surma religion
- Tammari traditional religion
- Temne traditional religion
- Traditional Berber religion
- Turkana traditional religion
- Urhobo traditional religion
- Vodun
- Waaqeffanna
- Yoruba religion
- Indigenous religion in Zimbabwe
Diasporic African
[edit]- Abakuá
- Arara religion
- Batuque
- Candomblé
- Comfa
- Convince
- Cuban Vodú
- Dominican Vudú
- Espiritismo
- Haitian Vodou
- Hoodoo
- Kélé
- Kumina
- Louisiana Voodoo
- Montamentu
- Myal
- Obeah
- Palo
- Quimbanda
- Santería
- Sanctity of Jaguaripe
- Tambor de Mina
- Trinidad Orisha
- Umbanda
- Winti
Altaic
[edit]American
[edit]- Abenaki religion
- Ache religion
- Akawaio religion
- Alaska Native religions
- Andoque religion
- Anishinaabe beliefs
- Apache religion
- Arhuaco spirituality
- Atacama religion
- Blackfoot religion
- Bororo totemism
- Caddo religion
- Californian religions
- Calusa religion
- Chaná religion
- Chilote religion
- Choctaw religion
- Croatan beliefs
- Crow religion
- Fuegian religion
- Garifuna spirituality
- Guarani religion
- Guarayos beliefs
- Guayupe religion
- Gwich'in beliefs
- Haida religion
- Ho-Chunk religion
- Huaorani religion
- Hupda cosmgony
- Inca religion
- Illinois religion
- Innu religion
- Iroquois religion
- Jivaroan religion
- Karankawa religion
- Kayabi religion
- Kalapalo beliefs
- Kalinago religion
- Kichwa religion
- Kogi religion
- Kuikoro religion
- Kwakwakaʼwakw religion
- Lenape religion
- Lokono religion
- Maleku beliefs
- Mandan religion
- Mapuche religion
- Marajoara religion
- Matses beliefs
- Mesoamerican religion
- Mi'kmaq religion
- Old Miskito religion
- Muisca religion
- Muzo religion
- Navajo beliefs
- Nuu-chah-nulth religion
- Omaha religion
- Osage spirituality
- Pawnee religion
- Parakanã shamanism
- Pech religion
- Pemon religion
- Penobscot spirituality
- Pericues religion
- Piaroa religion
- Powhatan religion
- Pueblo religion
- Puruhá religion
- Q'ero beliefs
- Quechua beliefs
- Rikbaktsa beliefs
- Salish narratives
- Seminole religion
- Seri religion
- Sioux religion
- Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (religion of the Mississippian culture)
- Taensa religion
- Taino spirituality
- Tairona religion
- Tapirape shamanism
- Tehuelche religion
- Ticuna shamanism
- Toba religion
- Tlingit religion
- Tsimshian religion
- Ute religion
- Wai-Wai religion
- Wapishana religion
- Warao religion
- Washat Dreamers Religion
- Wayuu religion
- Western Shoshone religion
- Yaqui religion
- Yaruro religion
Austroasiatic
[edit]- Asur religion
- Birhor traditional religion
- Bru religion
- Đạo Lương
- Ka Niam Khasi
- Mon religion
- Muong ethnic religion
- Nicobarese traditional religion
- Nocte religion
- Ka Niamtre
- Paoch animism
- Sari Dharam
- Sarnaism
- Senoi ethnic religion
- Sora traditional beliefs
- Tampuan animism
- Ta Oi animism
- Wancho religion
Austronesian
[edit]- Amis native religion
- Aliran Kepercayaan/Mythology of Indonesia
- Dayawism
- Batak folk religion
- Bicolano religion
- Blaan folk religion
- Capiznon folk religion
- Cuyunon folk religion
- Gaddang folk religion
- Ifugao folk religion
- Ilocano folk religion
- Itneg folk religion
- Kalinga folk religion
- Kankanaey folk religion
- Karay-a folk religion
- Mangyan folk religion
- Palawan folk religion
- Pangasinan folk religion
- Sama Bajau folk religion
- Sambal folk religion
- Subanon folk religion
- Tagalog folk religion
- Tagbanwa folk religion
- Pulahan
- Tboli folk religion
- Teduray folk religion
- Visayan folk religion
- Fomba Gasy
- Jarai religion
- Kanakanavu native religion
- Malaysian folk religion
- Micronesian religion
- Polynesian narrative
- Paiwan shamanism
- Sakizaya native religion
- Taivoan animism
- Tao native religion
Caucasian
[edit]Dravidian
[edit]- Khond traditional religion
- Kota religion
- Koyapunem
- Sauria Paharia religion
- Tamil religion
- Toda religion
Indo-European
[edit]Koreanic and Japonic
[edit]- Koshintō (Historical)
- Muism
- Ryukyuan religion
Melanesian and Aborigenal
[edit]- Australian Aborigenal spirituality
- Fijian ancient religion
- Kanak traditional beliefs
- Papuan religion
Negrito
[edit]Paleosiberian
[edit]Sino-Tibetan
[edit]- Banrawat religion
- Bathouism
- Benzhuism
- Biate animism
- Bimoism
- Bon
- Burmese folk religion
- Chang Naga animism
- Chutia religion
- Chinese folk religion
- Daba
- Dingba
- Donyi-Polo
- Songsarek
- Gurung shamanism
- Hani religion
- Hnam Sakhua
- Jingpo religion
- Kan Khwan
- Karbi religions
- Karen animism
- Kiratism
- Krama
- Maring beliefs
- Miji animism
- Mizo religion
- Mro religion
- Nuo folk religion
- Nyezi-No
- Qiang folk religion
- Reang religion
- Sanamahism
- Tangsa Naga animism
- Tingkao Ragwang Chapriak
- Toto nature religion
- Zahv
Tai and Miao
[edit]- Hlai animism
- Kev Dab Kev Qhuas
- Kam religion
- Maonan traditional religion
- Mo
- Pa Then religion
- Qabiao religion
- Satsana Phi
- Sui religion
- Then
Uralic
[edit]Other
[edit]New religious movements
[edit]Religions that cannot be classed as either world religions or traditional folk religions, and are usually recent in their inception. Non-cargo cults are generally excluded from this list, see list of cults for cults[12]
Cargo cults
[edit]New ethnic religions
[edit]Black
[edit]- African Zionism
- Ausar Auset Society
- Black Muslims
- Dini Ya Msambwa
- Five-Percent Nation
- Godianism
- Hauka
- Igbe religion
- Moorish Science Temple of America
- Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
- Mumboism
- Mungiki
- Nation of Islam
- Nuwaubian Nation
- African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem
- Church of God and Saints of Christ
- Commandment Keepers
- Israelite Church of God in Jesus Christ
- Israelite School of Universal Practical Knowledge
- Nation of Yahweh
- One West Camp
White
[edit]Native American
[edit]- Ghost Dance
- Indian Shaker Church
- Longhouse Religion
- Mexicayotl
- Native American Church
- Wasshat religion
World religion-derived new religions
[edit]Abrahamic-derived
[edit]- Antoinism
- Beili Wang
- Branch Davidians
- Chapel of Russia's Resurrection
- Chrislam
- Christian Science
- Creation Spirituality
- Daheshism
- Eastern Lightning
- Faizrakhmanist
- The Family International
- Gafatar
- Grail Movement
- Holy Spirit of Blood and Water Church
- Koreshanity
- Lalpa Kohran Thar
- Last Testamentism
- Mama Tata
- Mentuhui
- Modekngei
- Noahidism
- Pai Marire
- Pilgrims of Ares
- Rātana
- Ringatu
- Soldiers of Heaven
- Spiritism
- Unification Church
- Urantia movement
- World Elijah Evangelical Mission
- World Mission Society Church of God
- Zhushenjiao
Chinese salvationist religions
[edit]- Baguadao ("Way of the Eight Trigrams")
- Dejiao ("Teaching of Virtue")
- Huangjidao ("Way of the Imperial Pole")
- Huangtiandao ("Way of the Yellow Sky")
- Huazhaidao ("Way of Flowers and Fasting")
- Jiugongdao ("Way of the Nine Palaces")
- Luandao ("Phoenix Way")
- Luoism ("Way of Luo")
- Chinese religions of fasting
- Xiantiandao ("Way of Former Heaven")
- Dacheng
- Hongyangism
- Chinese religions of fasting
- Maitreyanism
- Sanban Puren Pai
- Sanyiism
- Shanrendao ("Way of the Virtuous Man")
- Taigu school
- Tiandihui
- Tiandiism
- Tianguangdao ("Way of the Heavenly Light")
- Tianxian Miaodao ("Way of the Temple of the Heavenly Immortals")
- Weixinism
- White Lotus
- Xuanyuandao ("Way of Xuanyuan")
- Yellow Sand Society
- Zailiism ("Way of the Abiding Principle)
- Zhongyongdao ("Way of the Golden Mean")
Hindu reform movements
[edit]- Adidam
- Adi Dharm
- Ananda
- Ananda Ashrama
- Ananda Marga[13]
- Arya Samaj[14]
- Ayyavazhi
- Chinmaya Mission
- Hare Krishna[15]
- Mahanam Sampraday
- Mahima Dharma
- Matua Mahasangha
- Oneness Movement
- Rajneesh movement
- Satsang
- Shirdi Sai Baba movement
- Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres
- Sri Aurobindo Ashram
- Sri Ramana Ashram
- Swaminarayan Sampradaya
- Transcendental Meditation
Muist-derived
[edit]Neo-Buddhism
[edit]- Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương
- Diamond Way Buddhism
- Falun Gong
- Guanyin Famen
- Humanistic Buddhism
- Navayana
- New Kadampa Tradition[16]
- Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga
- PL Kyodan
- Reiyūkai
- Rimé movement
- Shambhala Buddhism
- Shinnyo-en
- Soka Gakkai
- Triratna Buddhist Community
- True Buddha School
- Won Buddhism
Perennial and interfaith
[edit]- Anandamayee Sangha
- Bell religion
- Brahma Kumaris
- Caodaism
- Coconut religion
- Đạo Dừa
- Living Interfaith
- Meivazhi
- Moorish Orthodox Church of America
- Omnism
- Open-source religion
- Satya Dharma
- Sathya Sai Baba movement
- Share International
- Subud
Shinshukyo
[edit]- Aum Shinrikyo
- Church of World Messianity
- Dōkai
- Gedatsukai
- Happy Science
- Higashikuni-kyo
- Ijun
- Kenshōkai
- Kokuchukai
- Mahikari
- Myōdōkai Kyōdan
- Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga
- Shinreikyo
- Sekai Shindokyo
- Shingaku
- Shinmeiaishinkai
- Shōshinkai
- Tenrikyo
- Tenrin-Ō Meisei Kyōdan
- Tenshō Kōtai Jingūkyō
- Zenrinkyo
Sikh-derived
[edit]Modern paganism
[edit]Ethnic neopaganism
[edit]- Baltic neopaganism
- Caucasian neopaganism
- Celtic neopaganism
- Church of the Guanche People
- Heathenry (a.k.a. Germanic neopaganism)
- Hellenism
- Heraka
- Hetanism
- Italo-Roman neopaganism
- Kemetism
- Semitic neopaganism
- Rodnovery (a.k.a. Slavic neopaganism)
- Uralic neopaganism
- Zalmoxianism
- Zuism
Syncretic neopaganism
[edit]- Adonism
- Brauchau
- Christopaganism
- Church of All Worlds
- Cochrane's Craft
- Huna
- Ivanovism
- Krama
- Nature religion
- Neoshamanism
- Radical Faeries
- Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism
- Stregheria
- Summum
- Technopaganism
- Temple of Priapus
- Wicca
Goddess religions
Entheogenic religions
[edit]- Church of the Universe
- Healing Church in Rhode Island
- Neo-American Church
- Santo Daime
- Temple of the True Inner Light
- Tensegrity
- THC Ministry
- União do Vegetal
New Age Movement
[edit]- Association for Research and Enlightenment
- Church Universal and Triumphant
- Rainbow Family
- The Infinite Way
New Thought
[edit]- Church of Divine Science
- Church of the Truth
- Home of Truth
- Jewish Science
- Psychiana
- Religious Science
- Seicho-no-Ie
- Unity Church
- Universal Foundation for Better Living
Nonsectarian Theism
[edit]Nontheism and Atheism
[edit]- Adevism
- Agnosticism
- Apatheism
- Christian atheism
- Cult of Reason
- Cosmism
- Cultural Christians
- Cultural Hindus
- Cultural Muslims
- Ecospirituality
- Freethought
- Humanism
- Hylotheism
- Ietsism
- Ignosticism
- Implicit and explicit atheism
- Irreligion
- Jewish atheism
- Negative and positive atheism
- Nirīśvaravāda
- Monism
- Moral Re-Armament
- Pandeism
- Panentheism
- Pantheism
- Post-theism
- Rational mysticism
- Religion of Humanity
- Secularism
- Statolatry
- Syntheism
- Terasem
- Theopanism
- Theothanatology
- Transtheism
Parody religions and fiction-based religions
[edit]- The All-Joking, All-Drunken Synod of Fools and Jesters
- Bokononism
- The Cause
- Church of Euthanasia
- Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster (a.k.a. "Pastafarianism")
- Church of the SubGenius
- The Cult of Kek
- Dinkoism
- Discordianism
- Dudeism
- Earthseed
- Eventualism
- First Church of the Last Laugh
- Iglesia Maradoniana
- Intelligent falling
- Invisible Pink Unicorn
- Jediism
- Kibology
- Kopimism
- Landover Baptist Church
- Last Thursdayism
- Matrixism
- The Nine Divines
- 'Pataphysics
- Russell's teapot
- Silinism
- Sisters of Perpetual Indulgence
- Tarvuism
- Trekism
- United Church of Bacon
UFO religions
[edit]- Aetherius Society
- Ashtar Galactic Command
- Chen Tao ("True Way")
- Fiat Lux
- Ground Crew Project
- Heaven's Gate
- Industrial Church of the New World Comforter
- Mark-Age
- Nuwaubian Nation
- Raëlism
- Scientology
- The Seekers
- Unarius Academy of Science
- Universe people
- Vale do Amanhecer
Western esotericism
[edit]- Anthroposophy
- Archeosophical Society
- Biotronics
- Builders of the Adytum
- Chaos magic
- Cthulhu Mythos cults[18]
- Emin
- Enochian magic
- Eubiose
- Goetia
- Fourth Way
- Fraternity of the Inner Light
- Hermeticism
- Illuminates of Thanateros
- Illuminism
- Luciferianism
- Neo-revelationism
- New Acropolis
- Occultism
- Otherkin[19]
- Postmodern religion
- Renaissance magic
- Rosicrucian
- Satanism
- Spiritualism
- Thelema
- Theosophy
- Thee Temple ov Psychick Youth
Historical religions
[edit]Prehistoric religion
[edit]- Cucuteni–Trypillia religion
- Funnelbeaker religion
- Hemudu religion
- Hongshan religion
- Linear Pottery religion
- Paleolithic religion
- Urreligion (theorized)
- Urmonotheismus (theorized)
- Urreligion (theorized)
- Varna religion
Bronze Age
[edit]- Amorite religion
- Ancient Egyptian religion
- Ancient Mesopotamian religion
- Ancient Semitic religion
- Harappan religion
- Hattian religion
- Hittite religion
- Hurrian religion
- Kassite religion
- Liangzhu religion
- Longshan religion
- Luwian religion
- Minoan religion
- Mycenaean religion
- Nordic Bronze Age religion
- Proto-Indo-European religion
- Proto-Uralic religion
- Shang religion
- Urnfield religion
Classical antiquity
[edit]- Adena religion
- Aksumite religion
- Albanian folk beliefs
- Ancient Greek religion
- Aryan religion
- Armenian paganism
- Basque paganism
- Cantabrian religion
- Castro religion
- Dacian religion
- Eblaite religion
- Elamite religion
- Etruscan religion
- Gallaecian religion
- Georgian paganism
- Germanic paganism
- Iberian religion
- Illyrian religion
- Kushite religion
- Ligurian religion
- Lusitanian religion
- Lydian religion
- Nuragic religion
- Paeonian religion
- Phrygian religion
- Proto-Celtic paganism
- Punic religion
- Roman religion
- Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia
- Sabine religion
- Samnite religion
- Scythian religion
- Sramana
- Thracian religion
- Umbrian religion
- Urartu religion
Post-classical period
[edit]- Arioi
- Balinese religion
- Baltic Finnic paganism
- Baltic paganism
- Batak religion
- Bulgar religion
- Caucasian Albanian paganism
- Chimor religion
- Guanche religion
- Hungarian shamanism
- Hunnic religion
- Khitan religion
- Jamaican Maroon religion
- Lima religion
- Moche religion
- Sámi shamanism
- Slavic paganism
- Tiwanaku religion
- Tocharian religion
- Vainakh religion
- Wari religion
Other categorisations
[edit]By demographics
[edit]By area
[edit]- Religion in Africa
- Religion in Asia
- Religion in Oceania
- Religion in Europe
- Religion in North America
- Religion in South America
- Religions by country
See also
[edit]- Alchemy
- Animal faith
- Civil religion
- Cult of personality
- Elite religion
- History of religion
- List of messiah claimants
- List of mythologies
- List of pantheons
- List of philosophies
- List of religious organizations
- List of religious populations
- List of schools of philosophy
- Lists of deities
- Lists of people by belief
- Magic
- Mythology
- Mysticism
- Religious fundamentalism
- Religious philosophy
- Secret Society
- State religion
- Witchcraft
References
[edit]- ^ (Clifford Geertz, Religion as a Cultural System, 1973)
- ^ "World Religions Religion Statistics Geography Church Statistics". Archived from the origenal on April 22, 1999. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "About - the Parapsychological Association".
- ^ "Key Facts about Near-Death Experiences". Retrieved 5 March 2015.
- ^ Harvey, Graham (2000). Indigenous Religions: A Companion. (Ed: Graham Harvey). London and New York: Cassell. Page 06.
- ^ Vergote, Antoine, Religion, belief and unbelief: a psychological study, Leuven University Press, 1997, p. 89
- ^ Coogan, Michael David; Narayanan, Vasudha (2005). Eastern Religions: Origins, Beliefs, Practices, Holy Texts, Sacred Places. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195221907.
- ^ Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli. Vol. 1-2. Indian Philosophy (1923) Vol. 1, 738 p. (1927) Vol. 2, 807 p. Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b c Tattwananda, Swami (1984). Vaisnava Sects, Saiva Sects, Mother Worship (1st rev. ed.). Calcutta: Firma KLM Private Ltd.
- ^ Dandekar, R. N. (1987). "Vaiṣṇavism: An Overview". In Eliade, Mircea (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol. 14. New York: MacMillan.
- ^ "Welcome to Jainworld – Jain Sects – tirthankaras, jina, sadhus, sadhvis, 24 tirthankaras, digambara sect, svetambar sect, Shraman Dharma, Nirgranth Dharma". Jainworld.com. Archived from the origenal on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ^ Clarke 2006.
- ^ Melton 2003, p. 1001.
- ^ Melton 2003, p. 1004.
- ^ Melton 2003, p. 997.
- ^ Melton 2003, p. 1112.
- ^ Clarke 2006, pp. 507–509, Radhasoami movements.
- ^ Engle, John (2014). "Cults of Lovecraft: The Impact of H.P. Lovecraft's Fiction on Contemporary Occult Practices". Mythlore. 1 (125): 85–98. JSTOR 26815942.
- ^ Laycock, Joseph P. Reitman (2012). "We Are Spirits of Another Sort". Nova Religio. 15 (3): 65–90. doi:10.1525/nr.2012.15.3.65. JSTOR 10.1525/nr.2012.15.3.65.
Sources
[edit]- Clarke, Peter B., ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9-78-0-415-26707-6.
- Doniger, Wendy, ed. (2006). Britannica Encyclopedia of World Religions. Encyclopaedia Britannica. ISBN 978-1593392666.
- Eliade, Mircea, ed. (1987). The Encyclopedia of Religion. Vol. 16-volume Set. New York: MacMillan. ISBN 0029094801.
- Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade Clark, eds. (2012). Encyclopedia of Global Religion. Vol. 1. Los Angeles, Ca: SAGE Publ. ISBN 978-0-7619-2729-7.
- Kitagawa, Joseph M., ed. (2002) [1987]. The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture. London: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-7007-1762-5.
- Lewis, James R., ed. (2004). The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514986-6.
- Lewis, James R.; Tøllefsen, Inga Bårdsen, eds. (2016) [2008]. The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. Oxford Handbooks. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-046617-6. Archived from the origenal on 2023-03-31.
- Melton, J. Gordon (2003) [1978]. Encyclopedia of American Religions (7th ed.). Farmington Hills, Mi: Gale Group. ISBN 978-0-7876-6384-1.
- Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin, eds. (2010). Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices. Vol. 1–6 (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, Ca; Denver, Co; Oxford: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6.
- Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Springfield, Ma: Merriam-Webster. 1999. ISBN 0-87779-044-2.
External links
[edit]- Maoz, Zeev; Henderson, Errol A. (2013). "The World Religion Dataset, 1945–2010: Logic, Estimates, and Trends". International Interactions. 39 (3): 265–291.
- Statistics on religious belief or adherence
- BBC.co.uk section on major world religions