CIRCUITS AND

6.002 ELECTRONICS

MOSFET Amplifier
Large Signal Analysis

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Review
„ Amp constructed using dependent source
control a DS b output
port a′ b ′ port

„ Dependent source in a circuit

a + b
+
–

v i = f (v )
a′ – b′

„ Superposition with dependent sources:

one way tleave all dependent sources in;
solve for one independent source at a
time [section 3.5.1 of the text]
„ Next, quick review of amp …
Reading: Chapter 7.3–7.7
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Amp review
VS

RL

vO
VCCS
K
iD = (vI − 1)
2
vI 2
+
– for vI ≥ 1V
= 0 otherwise

vO = VS − iD RL

K
(vI − 1)2
2
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Key device Needed:

v B

A
i = f (v )
voltage controlled
current source
C

Let’s look at our old friend, the MOSFET …

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Key device Needed:
Our old friend, the MOSFET …

First, we sort of lied. The on-state behavior of the

MOSFET is quite a bit more complex than either the
ideal switch or the resistor model would have you believe.
D
G
vGS < VT

D S

G
S
vGS ≥ VT
?

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Graphically
Demo
iDS v+DS
+
vGS –
–

vDS = vGS − VT
iDS iDS iDS vGS 1

n
vGS ≥ VT egio Saturation
region
de r

vGS ≥ VT vGS 2
Trio

vGS3

vGS < VT vGS < VT ...

vDS vDS vDS
vGS < VT Cutoff
S MODEL SR MODEL region

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Graphically

iDS v+DS
+
vGS –
–

vDS = vGS − VT
iDS iDS iDS vGS 1

n
egio
vGS ≥ VT Saturation
region
de r vGS 2
vGS ≥ VT
Trio

vGS3

...
vGS < VT vGS < VT
vDS vDS vDS
vGS < VT
S MODEL SR MODEL when
vDS ≥ vGS − VT
Notice that
MOSFET
behaves like a
current source
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 MOSFET SCS Model
When vDS ≥ vGS − VT
the MOSFET is in its saturation region, and the
switch current source (SCS) model of the MOSFET is
more accurate than the S or SR model

D
G
vGS < VT

D S

G D
iDS = f (vGS )
S G K
= (vGS − VT )
2
vGS ≥ VT 2
when
S vDS ≥ vGS − VT

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Reconciling the models…
vDS = vGS − VT
iDS iDS iDS vGS 1

n
egio
vGS ≥ VT Saturation
region

de r
vGS ≥ VT vGS 2

Trio
vGS3

...
vGS < VT vGS < VT
vDS vDS vDS
vGS < VT
S MODEL SR MODEL SCS MODEL
for digital for analog
for fun!
designs designs

When to use each model in 6.002?

Note: alternatively (in more advanced courses)
vDS ≥ vGS − VT use SCS model
vDS < vGS − VT use SR model
or, use SU Model (Section 7.8 of A&L)

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Back to Amplifier
VS
vI vO
AMP

VS
RL
vO
G D K
vI iDS = (vI − VT )
2

S 2
in saturation
region

To ensure the MOSFET operates as a VCCS,

we must operate it in its saturation region
only. To do so, we promise to adhere to the
“saturation discipline”

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 MOSFET Amplifier
VS
RL
vO
G D K
vI iDS = (vI − VT )
2

S 2
in saturation
region

To ensure the MOSFET operates as a VCCS,

we must operate it in its saturation region
only. We promise to adhere to the
“saturation discipline.”

In other words, we will operate the amp

circuit such that

vGS ≥ VT and vDS ≥ vGS – VT at all times.

vO ≥ vI – vT
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Let’s analyze the circuit
First, replace the MOSFET with its
SCS model.

VS

RL
vO
D K
G iDS = (vI − VT )
2
A
+ 2
vGS = vI + vI for vO ≥ vI − VT
–
S
–

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Let’s analyze the circuit
VS

RL
vO
D K
G iDS = (vI − VT )2 A
+ 2
vGS = vI +
– vI for vO ≥ vI − VT
– S

(vO = vDS in our example)

1 Analytical method: vO vs vI
vO = VS − iDS RL B
K
or vO = VS − (vI − VT ) RL for vI ≥ VT
2

2 vO ≥ vI − VT

vO = VS vI < VT for
(MOSFET turns off)
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 2 Graphical method vO vs vI
K
From A : iDS = (vI − VT ) ,
2

2
vO ≥ vI − VT
for
⇓
2iDS
vO ≥
K
⇓
K 2
iDS ≤ vO
2

VS v0
B : iDS = −
RL RL

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 2 Graphical method vO vs vI
K K 2
A : iDS = (vI − VT ) , for iDS ≤ vO
2

2 2
VS vO
B : DS
i = −
RL RL

iDS
VS K 2
iDS ≤ vO
RL 2
B Lo A
ad
li n vI
e
= vGS

vO
VS

Constraints A and B must be met

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 2 Graphical method vO vs vI

iDS
VS K 2
iDS ≤ vO
RL 2
B A
vI
I DS VI

vO
VO VS

Constraints A and B must be met.

Then, given VI, we can find VO, IDS .

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Large Signal Analysis
of Amplifier
(under “saturation discipline”)

1 vO versus vI

2 Valid input operating range and

valid output operating range

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Large Signal Analysis

1 vO versus vI

vO
K
VS − (vI − VT ) RL
2

VS 2

vO = vI − VT
gets into
triode region
vI
VT

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
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6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Large Signal Analysis
2 What are valid operating ranges
under the saturation discipline?
Our
vI ≥ VT
K 2
Constraints vO ≥ v I − VT iDS ≤ vO
2

iDS K 2
iDS ≤ vO
2
VS
K
RL iDS = (vI − VT )2
2 vI
VS vO
iDS = −
RL RL

vO
VS

? vI = VT
vO = VS and iDS = 0
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Large Signal Analysis
2 What are valid operating ranges
under the saturation discipline?
iDS K 2
iDS ≤ vO
2
K
iDS = (vI − VT )
2

2 vI
V v
iDS = S − O
RL RL

vO

− 1 + 1 + 2 KRLVS
vI = VT +
KRL vI = VT
− 1 + 1 + 2 KRLVS vO = VS and iDS = 0
vO =
KRL
VS vO
iDS = −
RL RL
Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9

 Large Signal Analysis
Summary

1 vO versus vI
K
vO = VS − (vI − VT )2 RL
2

2 Valid operating ranges under the

saturation discipline?
Valid input range:
− 1 + 1 + 2 KRLVS
vI : VT to VT +
KRL

corresponding output range:

− 1 + 1 + 2 KRLVS
vO : VS to
KRL

Cite as: Anant Agarwal and Jeffrey Lang, course materials for 6.002 Circuits and Electronics, Spring 2007. MIT
OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].

6.002 Fall 2000 Lecture 9