Scribd
Upload
79 views4 pages

IR Sensor Theory of Operation

An IR sensor works by emitting infrared light and detecting the amount of light reflected off surfaces using a phototransistor or photodiode. Black surfaces absorb more light than white surfaces, allowing the sensor to detect contrast and boundaries between different colors or materials. The sensor is inexpensive and easy to interface with a microcontroller to detect lines or track objects.

Uploaded by

Sebastin Ashok
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
79 views4 pages

IR Sensor Theory of Operation

An IR sensor works by emitting infrared light and detecting the amount of light reflected off surfaces using a phototransistor or photodiode. Black surfaces absorb more light than white surfaces, allowing the sensor to detect contrast and boundaries between different colors or materials. The sensor is inexpensive and easy to interface with a microcontroller to detect lines or track objects.

Uploaded by

Sebastin Ashok
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

IR sensor Theory of Operation

A line sensor in its simplest form is a sensor capable of detecting a contrast between adjacent surfaces, such as difference in color, roughness, or magnetic properties, for example. The simplest would be detecting a difference in color, for example black and white surfaces. Using simple optoelectronics, such as infrared photo-transistors, color contrast can easily be detected . Infrared emitter/detectors or photo-transistors are inexpensive (usually under $1 per sensor) and are easy to interface to a microcontroller. In addition, standard red LEDs and Cds photocells work well too and fall in the same price range as the infrared photo-transistors. The theory of operation is simple and for brevity, only the basics will be considered. For more information about the physics of these sensors, please refer to an optoelectronics and heat transfer text. Suffice for now, we will consider the basic effects of light and what happens when it shines on a black or white surface. When light shines on a white surface, most of the incoming light is reflected away from the surface. In contrast, most of the incoming light is absorbed if the surface is black. Therefore, by shining light on a surface and having a sensor to detect the amount of light that is reflected, a contrast between black and white surfaces can be detected. Figure 1 shows an illustration of the basics just covered.

Figure 1. Light reflecting off a white and black surface. More light is reflected from the white surface compared to the black surface.Using what we know about light, and black and white surfaces, the objective of tracking a line is simple can be achieved using the appropriate sensors.

Figure 3. Infrared emitter and detector sensors.

Object Detection using IR light


The basic idea is to send infra red light through IR-LEDs, which is then reflected by any object in front of the sensor.

Then all you have to do is to pick-up the reflected IR light. For detecting the reflected IR light, we are going to use a very original technique: we are going to use another IR-LED, to detect the IR light that was emitted from another led of the exact same type! This is an electrical property of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) which is the fact that a led Produce a voltage difference across its leads when it is subjected to light. As if it was a photo-cell, but with much lower output current. In other words, the voltage generated by the leds can't be - in any way - used to generate electrical power from light, It can barely be detected. that's why as you will notice in the
schematic, we are going to use a Op-Amp (operational Amplifier) to accurately detect very small voltage changes.

2X16 LCD: Most LCD programmed in 8 bit configuration. Moreover LCD put on equipment that show the value of measurement, i.e. temperature, voltage, current, etc. There are a lot of tutorial show steps how to configure out in order to LCD on. But each LCD has own characteristic

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy