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Torsion Constant Wiki

The torsion constant is a property that describes a beam's resistance to twisting and depends on its cross-sectional shape and dimensions. It relates the angle of twist in a beam to the applied twisting force. For circular beams, the torsion constant equals the second moment of area and precise equations exist, but for other shapes only approximations are known due to complex warping effects. Common beam shapes have established formulas or tables to calculate their torsion constant.

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388 views5 pages

Torsion Constant Wiki

The torsion constant is a property that describes a beam's resistance to twisting and depends on its cross-sectional shape and dimensions. It relates the angle of twist in a beam to the applied twisting force. For circular beams, the torsion constant equals the second moment of area and precise equations exist, but for other shapes only approximations are known due to complex warping effects. Common beam shapes have established formulas or tables to calculate their torsion constant.

Uploaded by

Hossam T Badran
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Torsion constant

Torsion constant
The torsion constant is a geometrical property of a beam's cross-section which is involved in the relationship between angle of twist and applied torque along the axis of the bar, for a homogeneous linear-elastic bar. That is, the torsion constant describes a beam's torsional stiffness.

History
In 1820, the French engineer A. Duleau derived analytically that the torsion constant of a beam is identical to the second moment of area normal to the section Jzz, which has an exact analytic equation, by assuming that a plane section before twisting remains plane after twisting, and a diameter remains a straight line. Unfortunately, that assumption is correct only in beams with circular cross-sections, and is incorrect for any other shape.[1] For non-circular cross-sections, there are no exact analytical equations for finding the torsion constant. However approximate solutions have been found for many shapes. Non-circular cross-section always have warping deformations that require numerical methods to allow the exact calculation of the torsion constant.[2]

Partial Derivation
For a beam of uniform cross-section along its length:

where is the angle of twist in radians T is the applied torque L is the beam length J is the 2nd Polar Moment of Area G is the Modulus of rigidity (shear modulus) of the material

Torsion constant

Examples for specific uniform cross-sectional shapes


Circle
[3]

where r is the radius This is identical to the second moment of area Jzz and is exact. alternatively write: D is the Diameter s
[3]

where

Ellipse
[4][5]

where a is the major radius b is the minor radius

Square
[6]

where 2a is the side length

Rectangle
where a is the length of the long side b is the length of the short side is found from the following table:
a/b 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 0.141 0.196 0.229 0.249 0.263 0.281 0.291 0.299

10.0 0.312

Torsion constant

3
0.333

[7]

Alternatively the following equation can be used with an error of not greater than 4%:
[4]

Thin walled closed tube of uniform thickness


[8]

A is the mean of the areas enclosed by the inner and outer boundaries t is the wall thickness U is the length of the median boundary

Thin walled open tube of uniform thickness


[9]

t is the wall thickness U is the length of the median boundary (perimeter of median cross section)

Circular thin walled open tube of uniform thickness


This is a tube with a slit cut longitudinally through its wall.
[8]

t is the wall thickness r is the mean radius This is derived from the above equation for an arbitrary thin walled open tube of uniform thickness.

Commercial Products
There are a number specialized software tools to calculate the torsion constant using the finite element method. ShapeDesigner [10] by Mechatools Technologies [11] ShapeBuilder [12] by IES Web [13] STAAD SectionWizard [14] by Bentley [15] SectionAnalyzer [16] by Fornamagic Ltd [17] Strand7 BXS Generator [18] by Strand7 Pty Limited [19]

Torsion constant

References
[1] Archie Higdon et al. "Mechanics of Materials, 4th edition". [2] Advanced structural mechanics, 2nd Edition, David Johnson [3] "Area Moment of Inertia." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. http:/ / mathworld. wolfram. com/ AreaMomentofInertia. html [4] Roark's Formulas for stress & Strain, 7th Edition, Warren C. Young & Richard G. Budynas [5] Continuum Mechanics, Fridtjov Irjens, Springer 2008, p238, ISBN 978-3-540-74297-5 [6] Torsion Equations, Roy Beardmore, http:/ / www. roymech. co. uk/ Useful_Tables/ Torsion/ Torsion. html [7] Advanced Strength and Applied Elasticity, Ugural & Fenster, Elsevier, ISBN 0-444-00160-3 [8] Roark's Formulas for stress & Strain, 6th Edition, Warren C. Young [9] Advanced Mechanics of Materials, Boresi, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-55157-0 [10] http:/ / www. mechatools. com/ en/ shapedesigner. html [11] http:/ / www. mechatools. com [12] http:/ / www. iesweb. com/ products/ shapebuilder/ index. htm [13] http:/ / www. iesweb. com [14] http:/ / www. bentley. com/ en-US/ Products/ STAAD. Pro/ Section-wizard. htm [15] http:/ / www. bentley. com [16] http:/ / fornamagic. com/ download. php?view. 15 [17] http:/ / www. fornamagic. com [18] http:/ / strand7. com [19] http:/ / www. strand7. com

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors


Torsion constant Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=563815380 Contributors: Bassplr19, BenFrantzDale, Bradv, Closedmouth, Davius, GTi16V, Greglocock, Kallog, Lockley, RockMagnetist, Suffusion of Yellow, The wub, Zerodamage, 58 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors


File:TorsionConstantBar.svg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:TorsionConstantBar.svg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: TorsionConstantBar.png: Kallog (talk). derivative work: Zerodamage

License
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/

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