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High Intensity Energy Efficient LED Light

This document describes a compact, low-cost, high intensity LED lamp circuit that can be powered by a rechargeable battery or AC mains. The circuit uses a capacitor as an AC voltage dropper to power the battery charging circuit and indicator LED without a transformer. When the switch is in the left position and AC power is available, the battery charges through a diode. When AC power is not available, the battery powers white LEDs through a transistor. The circuit operates in three modes depending on the three-position switch position. Component requirements and specifications for conventional LED materials and types are also summarized.

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58 views5 pages

High Intensity Energy Efficient LED Light

This document describes a compact, low-cost, high intensity LED lamp circuit that can be powered by a rechargeable battery or AC mains. The circuit uses a capacitor as an AC voltage dropper to power the battery charging circuit and indicator LED without a transformer. When the switch is in the left position and AC power is available, the battery charges through a diode. When AC power is not available, the battery powers white LEDs through a transistor. The circuit operates in three modes depending on the three-position switch position. Component requirements and specifications for conventional LED materials and types are also summarized.

Uploaded by

priyakanthr5883
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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High Intensity Energy Efficient LED Light

Here is a rechargeable LED lamp that gives you bright light for a long duration of time as
it consumes little power. The circuit presented here is compact, automatic, reliable, low-
cost and easy to assemble.

The circuit comprises power supply, battery charging and switching sections. The power
supply section takes power from 230V AC mains supply without using
a transformer. Capacitor C1 is used as an AC voltage dropper, a well-known
transformerless solution. This helps to make the circuit compact without
generating heat, as capacitor C1 dissipates negligible power. Capacitor C1 also
protects against fluctuations in mains.
Current required for the battery charging circuit is provided by capacitor C1. Capacitor
C1 discharges through resistor R1 when the circuit is disconnected from the mains
voltage. This helps to prevent a fatal shock due to any voltage remaining in the
input terminals. Capacitor C1 must be rated at least 440V AC, with mains
application class X2.

The AC mains voltage after capacitor C1 is given to bridge rectifier diodes D1 through D4
to convert alternating current into direct current and filtered by capacitor C2. The
voltage from point B+ is given to positive terminal of the battery (BATT),
anodes of LEDs (LED2 through LED21) and transistor base-bias resistor R3 through slide
switch S1. The circuit is operated in three modes (AC/charge, off and batt) by using
three-position switch S1.

When switch S1 is in middle position, the circuit is off. When S1 is towards right,white
LEDs glow by drawing power from 4V battery. When S1 is towards left, the circuit
connects to AC mains and battery starts charging. The presence of AC mains voltage and
battery charging is indicated by LED1. White LEDs remain off if AC mains supply is
available and glow in the absence of AC mains.

When switch S1 is towards left position and AC mains is available, the battery
charges through diode D6 and the white LEDs dont glow. The negative DC path through
diode D5 makes the transistor cut-off, preventing the battery current from LEDs to the
negative terminal through the transistor. Thus the white LEDs dont glow.

On the other hand, if AC mains is not available, charging stops and the base of
transistor SS8050 gets positive voltage from the battery through slide switch S1 and
resistor R3. The transistor conducts and the current flows from the batterys
positive terminal to the negative terminal of the battery through the
LEDs (LED2 through LED21), collector to emitter of transistor T1 and switch S1. Thus the
white LEDs glow.

When the switch is in batt position, the white LEDs (LED2 through LED21) get the
supply directly from 4V battery through switch S1 and therefore all the white LEDs glow.
Assemble the circuit on a general purpose PCB and enclose in a suitable cabinet. Fix
the mains power cord on the back of the cabinet and slide switch
and LEDs on the front side.














Component Required:
R1, 470K ohm
R2, 270 ohm
R3,R4, 470 ohm
C1, 1uF / 440V Maylar
C2, 220uF/ 16V electrolyte
D1-D6, 1N4007
T1, SS8050
S1, Sliding switch
LED1, Red LED
LED2-LED21, Bright white LEDs
BATT, 4V, 0.8AH



























Conventional LEDs are made from a variety of inorganic semiconductor materials

Color Wavelength [nm]
Voltage
drop [V]
Semiconductor material

Infrared > 760 V < 1.63
Gallium arsenide (GaAs)
Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)

Red 610 < < 760
1.63 <
V < 2.03
Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)

Orange 590 < < 610
2.03 <
V < 2.10
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)

Yellow 570 < < 590
2.10 <
V < 2.18
Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)

Green 500 < < 570
1.9
[64]
<
V < 4.0
Traditional green:
Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)
Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP)
Aluminium gallium phosphide (AlGaP)
Pure green:
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) / Gallium(III)
nitride (GaN)

Blue 450 < < 500
2.48 <
V < 3.7
Zinc selenide (ZnSe)
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)
Silicon carbide (SiC) as substrate
Silicon (Si) as substrateunder development

Violet 400 < < 450
2.76 <
V < 4.0
Indium gallium nitride (InGaN)

Purple multiple types
2.48 <
V < 3.7
Dual blue/red LEDs,
blue with red phosphor,
or white with purple plastic

Ultraviolet < 400
3.1 < V <
4.4
Diamond (235 nm)
[65]

Boron nitride (215 nm)
[66][67]

Aluminium nitride (AlN) (210 nm)
[68]

Aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN)
Aluminium gallium indium nitride (AlGaInN)down to
210 nm
[69]


Pink multiple types V ~ 3.3
[70]

Blue with one or two phosphor layers:
yellow with red, orange or pink phosphor added
afterwards,
or white phosphors with pink pigment or dye over
top.
[71]


White Broad spectrum V = 3.5 Blue/UV diode with yellow phosphor


Color
Wavelength range
(nm)
Typical efficacy
(lm/W)
Typical efficiency
(W/W)

Red 620 < < 645 72 0.39

Red-
orange
610 < < 620 98 0.29

Green 520 < < 550 93 0.15

Cyan 490 < < 520 75 0.26

Blue 460 < < 490 37 0.35
These are mostly single-die LEDs used as indicators, and they come in various sizes from 2 mm to
8 mm, through-hole and surface mount packages. They usually do not use a separate heat
sink.
[101]
Typical current ratings ranges from around 1 mA to above 20 mA. The small size sets a
natural upper boundary on power consumption due to heat caused by the high current density and
need for a heat sink.
Common package shapes include round, with a domed or flat top, rectangular with a flat top (as used
in bar-graph displays), and triangular or square with a flat top. The encapsulation may also be clear or
tinted to improve contrast and viewing angle.
There are three main categories of miniature single die LEDs:
Low-current: typically rated for 2 mA at around 2 V (approximately 4 mW consumption).
Standard: 20 mA LEDs (ranging from approximately 40 mW to 90 mW) at around:
1.9 to 2.1 V for red, orange and yellow,
3.0 to 3.4 V for green and blue,
2.9 to 4.2 V for violet, pink, purple and white.
Ultra-high-output: 20 mA at approximately 2 V or 45 V, designed for viewing in direct
sunlight.
5 V and 12 V LEDs are ordinary miniature LEDs that incorporate a suitable series resistor for
direct connection to a 5 V or 12 V supply.

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