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Carbon

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85 views23 pages

Carbon

Uploaded by

api-257158360
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Carbon

What is carbon?
&
Why is it important?
Can you find carbon?
Carbon is the 15
th
most
abundant element in
the earths crust
Carbon is abundant in the
Sun, stars, comets and
the atmospheres of most
planets
Some Chemistry Basics
Atomic number: 6 protons & 6 electrons


Atomic mass can be used to
work out the number of
neutrons:
12 6 = 6 neutrons
Electron configuration:
Always 2 electrons in the
1
st
shell, the 4 remaining
electrons in the 2
nd
shell.
Pure carbon diamond & graphite
Having 4 carbons in its outer shell makes carbon very stable and it
can exist naturally in its pure form.
These diagrams show that carbon atoms can be arranged:
in a very strong crystal lattice (3-dimensional) diamond.
in layers that slide over each other (2-dimensional) - graphite
Diamond Graphite
Although it can be found in its pure form, most carbon
exists joined to other atoms as compounds/molecules
Strong Covalent Bonding
Here is an atom of carbon
sharing its 4 outer electrons
with 4 hydrogen atoms.

This makes for a very stable
molecule of methane.
Methane
Hydrocarbons fossil fuels
Methane
Hydrocarbons containing atoms of carbon and hydrogen,
can form rings and very long chains
Napthalene (C
10
H
8
) is an
aromatic (smelly) hydrocarbon,
with 2 benzene rings that are
joined together. The double
bonds make it an alkene.
Decane (C
10
H
22
) is an alkane.
Some higher alkanes have many
more carbon atoms joined
together e.g. Tetrapentacontane
(C
54
H
110
)!!!
Long chains make the molecule
very sticky.
Organic Compounds
Glucose
Starch

Protein
Fat

Hydrocarbons: Coal, oil & gas
Carbon dioxide
Carbohydrate - Glucose
C
6
H
12
O
6


Carbohydrate - Starch
(C
12
H
22
O
11
)n
Protein
Fat
DNA
Carbon is an abundant element in
humans and other living things
Hydrocarbons fossil fuels
Coal Oil & Gas
Combustion Reaction
Carbon Dioxide a greenhouse gas
Carbon Dioxide (gas) Carbon Dioxide 0.04%
CO
2
is the second most abundant
greenhouse gas and is a driver of
global warming / climate change
Dissolved Carbon Dioxide
Coca-Cola
Soda Stream
Oceans
Inorganic Compounds
Inorganic is a rather old term that is still
sometimes used.

It generally means an organic compound that
is formed geologically rather than biologically.

CO
2
would be considered an inorganic
compound but one could easily argue that it
has a biological origin!


Rock
Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary
rock which contain carbon in
the form of calcium carbonate:

CaCO
3

Other types of rock also
contain the element carbon.
Limestone
Spheres
Atmosphere

Hydrosphere

Biosphere

Lithosphere

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