Equivalent Fractions

Equivalent fractions are

30
8 4
3

108
45
18
15

Complete the equivalent fractions.
x3
x3
3
x2
x2
6
x5
x5
40
x3
x3
54
x2
x2
90
To compare the value of two given
fractions
8
3
2
1
8
3
>
8
1
is greater than
3
2
6
5
x2
x2
=
4
6
4
6

<
5
6
Therefore, is less than
5
6
2
3
Arrange fractions in order

Arrange in decreasing order.
4
3
,
3
2
,
8
1
4
3
,
3
2
,
8
1
* make the denominators equal.
3
3
8
8
6
6
24
18
,
24
16
,
24
3
The fractions in descending order is


8
1
,
3
2
,
4
3
Mathematics Form 1

Topic: Fractions

Subtopic: Understand the concept of mixed
numbers and their representations.
Learning outcomes :
1.Recognise mixed numbers
2.Represent mixed numbers with diagrams.
3.Write mixed numbers based on given diagrams.
4.Compare and order mixed numbers on number
lines.



WHAT IS A MIXED NUMBER?
A WHOLE NUMBER
AND
A FRACTION
1 , 2 ,3 , 4
.. ..
4
1
,
3
1
,
2
1


4
4
2
4
1
+
2
4
1
2
4
DIAGRAM 1
Represent whole number
Represent fraction
1
1
4
+
=
1
1
4
4
4
1
4
DIAGRAM 2
NUMBER LINES
2
5
2
3
2 3 4


1
5
1
5
1
5
1
5
1
5
5
3
+
5
2
2
+
5
3
3
EXERCISE 1

1. Write a mixed number for the diagrams
a.


b.
Exercise 2
Complete the number lines.
a.


3
A 4
B
b.
5
6 7
A
B
SOLUTIONS

1. Draw the number line from 2 to 4
2. Divide the line from 2 to 3 into 6
equal parts .
3. Divide the line from 3 to 4 into 12
equal parts.

4.Mark on the third mark from 2 .

5.Mark on the eight mark from 3

6.Finally, mark on the ninth mark
from 3.
2
1
2
3
2
3
4
3
3
2
3
4
2
1
2
3
2
3
4
3
3
PROPER AND
IMPROPER FRACTIONS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Recognize proper and improper fractions
from given fractions
Change mixed numbers into improper
fractions
Change improper fractions into mixed
numbers.

PROPER FRACTIONS
&
IMPROPER FRACTIONS
PROPER FRACTIONS
numerator
denominator
PROPER FRACTIONS
1. A proper fraction is a fraction where the
numerator is smaller than the
denominator.
2. For example,
1
3
,
5
6
,
12
13
,
27
50
and
99
121

are proper fractions.
numerator
denominator
IMPROPER FRACTIONS














numerator
denominator
= 1 +
1
6
=
7
6
IMPROPER FRACTIONS
1. An improper fractions is a fraction
where the numerator is equal to or
greater than the denominator.
2. For example,
6
6
,
10
3
,
16
5
,
54
7
and
117
25
are improper fractions.
numerator
denominator
CHANGING MIXED NUMBERS
INTO IMPROPER FRACTIONS
Multiply the whole number with the
denominator of the fractions
Add the product to the numerator of
the fractions
Retain the denominator and write the
result as the numerator



EXAMPLE


Multiply the whole number
by the denominator
(6x3)
Add the product to
the numerator
(6x3) +1
6
1
3
( 6 x 3 ) + 1
3
19
3
10
6
7
10 x 7
(10 x 7) + 6
EXAMPLE

10 x 7 + 6
7

76
7


EXERCISE


1. Change the following mixed numbers into improper
fractions.
a) 1
1
12
d) 7
1
8
b) 2
5
6
e) 15
5
12
c) 3
3
4
f) 12
2
11
CHANGE IMPROPER FRACTIONS
INTO MIXED NUMBER
Divide the numerator by the denominator.
Write the quotient as the whole number
The remainder becomes the numerator
The divisor becomes the denominator .
CHANGE AN IMPROPER FRACTION
INTO MIXED NUMBER
17
8
2


2
1
8
quotient
remainder
Therefore,
17
8
= 2
1
8
8
) 1 7
1 6
1
EXAMPLE
47
20
2
7
20
quotient
remainder
2
20 ) 47
40
7
Therefore,
47
20

= 2
7
20
EXERCISE
2. Change the following improper fractions into

mixed numbers.
a)
22
7
d)
154
15
b)
35
8
e)
211
11
c)
84
13
f)
300
155
Multiplication of Fractions.
Multiply a whole number
by a fraction
Multiply
fractions
Multiply any three
fractions
Multiplication of fractions

5
3
3
1

Step 1. Multiply the numerator :

3
1
1
6
Solve
=
1 6
3 1
=
3
6
=
2
6 =
1
6
Multiply any three fractions
Solve
3
2
5
4
1 2
3
2
5
9
1
2

2 9 2
1 5 3
=
=
=
15
36
5
12
5
2
2
= =
5
9
5
4
1 ,
1
2
2
Learning Outcomes:

To divide fraction by a whole
number and vise versa
15
3
15
3
1
4
=
Calculate 4

=
15
3

1
4
=
60
3
=
Example 1
Multiply by the reciprocal
of the fraction
Calculate 4
15
3
1
4
3
15
Example 2
=
=
3
60
=
1
20
= 20
Simplify to the
lowest term
Multiply by the reciprocal
of the divisor
To divide fractions
8
5
3
2

3
2
5
8
Example 1
Calculate
=
=
15
16
=
15
1
1
Multiply by the reciprocal
of the divisor
Example 2
Calculate
3
2
2
5
2

5
2
5
2
=

8
3
=

3
8
=
6
40
=
20
3
23+2
3
=
8
3
To divide a mixed number by
another mixed number
Solve
5
2
2
7
5
3
=
26
7

12
5
=
=
=
26
7

5
12
130
84
1
46
84
=
1
23
42
26
7

5
12
13
6
=
=
65
42
1
23
42
or
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Performs computations involving combined
operations of addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division of fractions,
including the use of brackets.
Solve problems involving combined operations
of addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division of fractions, including the use of
brackets.
Order of operations:
Brackets .
( )
Multiply or divide from left to right.
X

Add or subtract from left to right.
+
()
+

Solve the operation inside
the bracket first.

Find the LCM of the
denominators
Multiply the reciprocal
of 17
=
=
17
12
x
1
17
=
1
12
2
3
+
3
4


17
8
12
+
9
12


17
7 1
1
4
+
2
7


= 7
5
4
+
2
7

= 7
35
28
+
8
28

= 7
43
28

=
43
4
= 10
3
4
Work the bracket
Change the mixed numbers
into an improper fraction
Find the LCM the
denominators
multiply
Change the improper fraction into
mixed numbers
x 7
x 7
x 4
x 4
1
8
2
1
4
-
3
5

=
1
8

9
4
-
3
5

=
1
8

45 - 12
20

=
1
8

33
20

=
1
8
x
20
33
=
5
66
divide
Multiply by the reciprocal
of 33
20
x 4
x 4
x 5
x 5
=
16
13
x
39
5

8
3
1
3
13
x 7
4
5
2
2
3
=
16
13
x
39
5

3
8
=
48
5
x
8
3
=
18
5
= 3
3
5
Perform multiplication
and division
Change into an improper
fractions
Change into mixed
numbers
3
1
A total of RM630 is divided between Baharuddin and Chong.
If Baharuddin receives
5
9
of the money,
calculate the amount of money Chong received?
= 1 -
5
9

x 630
=
4
9

x 630
= 280
ANSWER = RM280

1
7
= 4 X 7



Rashid received a bonus of RM1920.
He gave
3
4
of the money to his mother.
Calculate the amount of money Rashid
received?
= 1920 -
3
4
x 1920

= 1920 - 3 x 480
= 1920 - 1440
= 480
480
1
ANSWER = RM480
1. Calculate the value of the following and express
the answer as a fraction in its lowest term.
a)
5
12
+
3
4
x
12
9
b) 10 - 2
1
2

5
7
c) 3 x 7 - 5
1
2

d)
5
6
-
2
3

2
1
2
+
2
5

2. There are 150 workers in a factory.
3
5
of them are men and

1
3
of them are smokers. How many men are non-smokers?
3. In a class of 42 students,
3
7
are girls. Given that 5 girls and
1
3
of
boys wear glasses. Find the total number of students wearing
glasses.