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Polynomials (Defn)

This document provides an overview of algebraic expressions and polynomials presented by Mr. Xandro Nieto. It defines algebraic expressions as combinations of constants and variables using finite operations. Polynomials are defined as algebraic expressions where the exponents of the variables must be whole numbers. The document discusses the types of polynomials based on the number of terms, including monomials, binomials, trinomials, and multinomials. It also covers concepts like coefficients, degrees, leading terms, leading coefficients, and evaluating polynomials for given values.

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71 views22 pages

Polynomials (Defn)

This document provides an overview of algebraic expressions and polynomials presented by Mr. Xandro Nieto. It defines algebraic expressions as combinations of constants and variables using finite operations. Polynomials are defined as algebraic expressions where the exponents of the variables must be whole numbers. The document discusses the types of polynomials based on the number of terms, including monomials, binomials, trinomials, and multinomials. It also covers concepts like coefficients, degrees, leading terms, leading coefficients, and evaluating polynomials for given values.

Uploaded by

EstherErickaGonzales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Algebraic Expressions

Presentation by: Mr. Xandro Nieto

What is an algebraic expression?

A constant, a variable, or combination


of both, performing finite number of
operations.
Examples:

y
3 x

5y

x 3
2

7
p

9
p

1
5a b ab
2
3 2

Polynomials

Presentation by: Mr. Xandro Nieto

What is a polynomial?

An algebraic expression, in which, the


exponents of the variables
must be
a whole number.
Examples:

5y 3

1
5a b ab
2
2
3x 2 x 5
3 2

Identify whether each expressions


is a polynomial or not.
Simply observe the exponent of the variables. If there is a variable raised to a
negative number or a fraction, then the given is NOT a polynomial.

4x 9x 4
2

1 3
xy a 5b 5
2

2. Yes, it is a polynomial.

y
2
x
3
x

3. No, it is not a polynomial.

2x z

4. No, it is not a polynomial.

x5 z
5 xy
y 3
5
6

1. Yes, it is a polynomial.

The denominator x is raised to -3, which is


NOT a whole number.

The variable z is raised to , which is NOT a whole number.

5. Yes, it is a polynomial.
5 is a constant. Constants may be raised to a non-whole number.

NOTE:

All polynomials are algebraic


expression but NOT all algebraic
expressions are polynomials.
EXAMPLE:

y
3 x

is an algebraic expression but NOT a polynomial


because x is raised to a fraction (since its in a
radical sign). Moreover, it is raised to a negative
number (since its in the denominator).

Types of polynomials according to


number of terms
Polynomials with EXACTLY 1 term are called monomials.
Examples:

5m , yz, 8
Polynomials with EXACTLY 2 terms are called binomials.
Examples:

2
x 6y4 , a 3b 2c
3

Polynomials with EXACTLY 3 terms are called trinomials.


Example:

3x 2 2 x 5

Polynomials with EXACTLY 4 or more terms are called


multinomials.
Example:

a 3b 2c

2
x 6 y4 z
3

Polynomials

Monomials

Trinomials

Binomials

Multinomials

WATCH OUT

Be careful not to confuse terms and factors

Terms are ADDED

Factors are MULTIPLIED

Coefficients

A coefficient is the numeric factor of a term.

What does that mean?


It means its the number in front of the variables!

Example:

5x y

The numerical coefficient


is 5.

3a b
2

The numerical coefficient


is -3.

m p

The numerical
coefficient
is 1.

Degrees

Degree of a term:
~ the

sum of the exponents of the variables


Examples:
4

5x y

7 p 2q 4

3
m
x y
2

3 pq

4+3=7
2+4=6
Like 3x0, so degree is 0
m+1
1 + 3 = 4 (Do not include 2, because its the exponent of 3,
which is not a variable.)

Degree of a Polynomial

The degree of the polynomial is the highest


degree among its terms
Example: 5 x 4 y 3 2 x 2 y 4 3
degrees are 7, 6, and 0

Degree of the Polynomial:


7,
since 7 is the highest among 7, 6, and 0.

Degree of a Polynomial
What is the degree of the polynomial,

4 x y z 3 xy z 2 z
5

The degree of 4x5y2z is 8,


the degree of 35xy2z is 4 (Do not include the exponent 5, because its a power of a constant.)
and the degree of -2z6 is 6.
Since the highest degree among the three terms is 8,
then the degree of the given polynomial is 8.

Leading Term

The leading term is the term with the highest


degree.
Example:
4 3
2 4

5x y 2 x y 3

Leading Term:

5x y

Leading Coefficient

The leading coefficient is the coefficient of the


leading term
Example:

5x y

Leading Coefficient:

Types of polynomials
according to its degrees
Polynomials with degree of 0 are CONSTANTS.
Examples:

8, 3, - 2

Polynomials with degree of 1 are LINEAR.


Examples:

5j, 3y 1, - 4c 3d e

Polynomials with degree of 2 are QUADRATIC.


Examples:

2x 2 , 5m 2 3m 1, 7st t

Polynomials with degree of 3 are CUBIC.


Example:

5a 3 ab 3, 2c 2 d 3ef, xyz

Polynomials with degree of 4 are QUARTIC.


Polynomials with degree of 5 are QUINTIC.
Polynomials with degree of 6 are SEXTIC.
Polynomials with degree of 7 are SEPTIC.
Polynomials with degree of 8 are OCTIC.
Polynomials with degree of 9 are NONIC.
Polynomials with degree of 10 are DECIC.

Evaluation of Polynomials
Suppose that the given polynomial is

and youre asked to evaluate P(-3),


simply replace all x by -3.

Therefore,

Evaluation of Polynomials
Try this, if
,

find P(5).
Answer:

Evaluation of Polynomials
Now try this on your own.

If
find P(-4).
Answer:

Evaluation of Polynomials
Consider that:

Lets try a challenging one


, find

If
So

.
Since

Then

Evaluation of Polynomials

Answer:

HOMEWORK:

Click on the
Assignment option on
the left panel,
then choose
Polynomials to
proceed to your
homework.

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