HPV Vaccination Research

Proposal
By: Emily Aron, Kristy Getty, Brittany Balzano, Anna
Brueggemann, Mashael Almowallad, and Kelsey Sheedy
Group: 6

Recap of Topic...
Why we chose it:
-

HPV greatly affects our generation of both males and females

- About 75 million Americans are currently infected with HPV
- About 14 million will be newly infected
Our generation has a general lack of understanding of both the severity of the
cancer and the importance of the vaccination
- For Example:
- HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer among women
- 10,000 being diagnosed each year
- Many cultures tend to not see the importance of being vaccinated

Why its important:

HPV vaccines can prevent most cases of cervical cancer. An increase in HPV vaccination
rates will yield a decrease in the number of deaths associated with cervical cancer.

Summary of Literature Review...

Barriers to HPV Vaccine:
-patient/insurance reimbursement
-sociodemographic characteristics
-parental attitudes
-national guidelines unclear
-lack of knowledge of vaccine safety and efficacy
-minorities have lower rates of provider recommendation
-lack of health insurance among minority populations
- completing the three dose series
References:
-"Race, Ethnicity and Income as Factors for HPV Vaccine Acceptance and Use."
-Genitoanal Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Neoplasias."
-HPV Vaccination: Are We Initiating Too Late?"
-"Race, Ethnicity, and Income Factors Impacting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates."

Summary of Literature Review Cont.

Interprofessional Experience Media Campaign:

Awareness about HPV

Target audiences within a demographic location
Reduce the risk of HPV infections among all Americans
Launch websites emphasizes on HPV vaccinations
Links within those sites on topics about HPV
Online consultation and support on sexual health
Support groups

Research Question...
Would an interprofessional media
campaign increase the HPV vaccination
rate of 14-18 year-old women in the
metropolitan St. Louis Area?

Population of Interest...
14-18 year-old teenage women in the St. Louis
metropolitan area
The parents of these teenage woman are also
included in the target audience since they will be
surveyed
Although 9-12 year-olds is prefered, not enough
evidence exists to survey this age group
Must be 14-18 years of age within the year of 2015
However, parents of the young women will be the ones
surveyed in 2016-Since they are needed to provide
consent for the vaccination

Identifying the Sample and Recruiting...

How We Will Recruit:
We will use convenience sampling
Advertise via local high schools to both parents and
their children within the age range 14-18 years old and
female gender
Hang posters around town with information to sign up
How We Will Identify Our Sample:
14-18 years old in the year of 2015.
Advertise as cross-sectional study about vaccinations.

Main Exposure/Intervention Variable...

The Main Exposure:
Interprofessional media campaign
Where Interprofessional:
Television Advertisement in multiple health offices
Radio Commercials
Playing in multiple health professions offices
Health professions will have specific material on how
they are involved

Main Exposure/Intervention Variable Continued...

Main Outcome Variable:

Increase of vaccination rates in 14-18 year-old woman in the

metropolitan St. Louis area

How We Have Operationalized These Variables:

Whether the young woman was vaccinated with all three consecutive
shots in the year of 2015

Assessing Exposure:

Telephone survey with parents asking if they or their daughter recall

the media campaign
If it aided in their motivation to get their child vaccinated

Proposal of Media Campaign/IPE Approach...

Who is Apart of the Interprofessional Team:

Nurse : administration of vaccination, explain 3 Step Process

Physician-Gynecologists : pap smears, woman health check
OT : if diagnosed with cervical cancer help regain daily mobility
Speech & hearing specialists : explain to speech & hearing impaired people.
Social Work : respecting cultural preferences, socioeconomic factors
Public Health : increase awareness of importance of vaccinations
Health Information Management : facilitate confidentiality of health
documents

How We are Interprofessional:

Fifth grade reading level

Advertising in multiple offices
Incorporating how each profession that would aid in treatment/would be of
assistance
Each profession would appear in the campaign

Possible Other Variables to Examine...

How often they are exposed to the media campaign. How often do they watch TV/listen
to the radio or how often will they be in a health setting to see/hear the commercial?
These are important to know because it they are not exposed to it as often it can affect
the outcomes.

Also, the parents beliefs and if they agree with the vaccination can play a role in
weather or not their daughters receive the vaccination. Did they keep up with the 3
shot series?
Example:
Cultural preferences
Possibility of if their child receives the vaccine, if they are more prone to
sexual activity

Socioeconomic factors. If they are not in a situation to get the vaccine (economic
status, demographic location, accessibility) These things can be out of the familys
control.

Proposed Study Design...

Cross-Sectional:
Study where disease and exposure are measured
simultaneously in a certain population.
Convenient Sampling:
In this study all females between the age of 14-18 in
the year of 2015 are considered subjects that are
available to participate in the research study.

Prospective or Retrospective...
Neither prospective nor retrospective.
Cross sectional because in the study we will be
assessing the parents whether or not they have
been exposed to the campaign, and whether or
not their children receive vaccinations, did the
campaign aid in the decision of vaccination?

How We Classified Individuals Into

Comparison Groups...
Group 1: Young adolescents who have been
vaccinated in the year 2015
Group 2: Young adolescents who have not
been vaccinated in the year 2015

Applying the Intervention...

Intervention Variable:
Coming in contact with the interprofessional media
campaign
The locations would be:
CVS, Walgreen, and Walmart stores
High school events
Radio commercial
Movie theaters
TV commercial
Physicians offices

How We Will Measure the Exposure Variable, Outcome

Variable, and Any Other Variables...
Measure exposure variables:

If parents recall the media campaign from last year.

If the campaign encourage their children to receive the vaccine.

Measure Outcome variables:

Whether their child completed the three consecutive HPV vaccinations within the
year of 2015.

Measure Other variables:

Whether socioeconomic factors were to blame and which (ex: location,

availability, cost, etc.).
Whether their child started the vaccination but didnt receive all three shots
within 2015.

When and How Information on the

Participants Will be Gathered...
Type: Convenient sampling

Parents of children who will be 14-18 years old in the year 2015
Attend a local high school in the Metropolitan St. Louis area
Must have proof of age with birth certificate
Must have immunization records to ensure the student has not received any form of the HPV
vaccination
Saw advertisement for participants around town or in local high schools

Number:

No cap will be made for this study

Wanting the most representative sample of the metropolitan St. Louis area
All those willing to participate will be welcome

Timing:

Only vaccinations received between January 1st 2015-December 31st 2015 will be used.
Students must be 14-18 year of age in the year of 2015.
Example: If a student is 13 December 2014 but will turn 14 in July 2015, they will be
included in the sample

Timing Continued...
Surveying will occur starting January 1st, 2016
Surveys will be conducted over the phone with the parents of the
14-18 year young women as of 2015
Questions asked would be:
Did your child receive the all three HPV vaccinations in the
year 2015?
If no, why?
This would help explore barriers (ex:socioeconomic
factors)
Do you recall seeing the interprofessional media campaign?
If so where and approximately how frequent?
Helps to see what areas were most effective

The Rationale for Selecting a CrossSectional Study Design...

A cross-sectional study design holds more
information for comparison
Shows a higher significance between the
variables
Less chance for false correlation

Works Cited
Are Tailored Health Education Materials Always More Effective than Non-tailored Materials?" Are Tailored Health Education Materials Always More Effective than Non-tailored Materials? N.p., n.d. Web. 07
Oct. 2014. <http://her.oxfordjournals.org/content/15/3/305.full>.
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Web. 07 Oct. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18726815>.
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252Fs12032-013-0582-z>.
"Genitoanal Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Neoplasias." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 13 Mar. 2014. Web. 30 Sept. 2014. <http://www.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24643181>.
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gov/pubmed/24530404>.
"HPV Vaccination: Are We Initiating Too Late?" HPV Vaccination: Are We Initiating Too Late? N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X14001479>.
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"HPV Vaccination: Are We Initiating Too Late?" National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 14 Feb. 2014. Web. 30 Sept. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/pubmed/24530404>.
HPV Vaccination: Are We Initiating Too Late?" HPV Vaccination: Are We Initiating Too Late? N.p., 7 Apr. 2014. Web. 30 Sept. 2014. <http://www.sciencedirect.
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"Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Awareness and Vaccination Initiation among Women in the United States, National Immunization Survey-Adult 2007." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S.
National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19100762>.

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"Identifying Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Practices among Primary Care Providers of Minority, Low-income and Immigrant Patient Populations." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S.
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"Identifying Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Practices among Primary Care Providers of Minority, Low-income and Immigrant Patient Populations." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S.
National Library of Medicine, 2 June 2014. Web. 30 Sept. 2014. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24886959>.
"Inequalities in the Uptake of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2014. <http%3A%2F%2Fije.oxfordjournals.org%2Fcontent%2F42%2F3%
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"Project MUSE - Providers' Perceptions of Parental Concerns about HPV Vaccination." Project MUSE - Providers' Perceptions of Parental Concerns about HPV Vaccination. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Oct. 2014.
<http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_health_care_for_the_poor_and_underserved/v024/24.2.perkins.html>.
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<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24417783>.
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Questions?