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Types of Building Gravel

The document describes different types of materials used in building construction including various types of gravel, sand, cement, lime, and gypsum. It outlines 14 types of gravel including bank gravel, bench gravel, creek rock, crushed stone, fine gravel, lag gravel, pay gravel, pea gravel, piedmont gravel, and plateau gravel. It also discusses 3 types of construction sand: pit sand, river sand, and sea sand. Further, it lists 12 types of cements and 7 types of building limes. Finally, it provides a brief description of the mineral gypsum and its uses.

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Ahmed Ehab Mohamed
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70 views14 pages

Types of Building Gravel

The document describes different types of materials used in building construction including various types of gravel, sand, cement, lime, and gypsum. It outlines 14 types of gravel including bank gravel, bench gravel, creek rock, crushed stone, fine gravel, lag gravel, pay gravel, pea gravel, piedmont gravel, and plateau gravel. It also discusses 3 types of construction sand: pit sand, river sand, and sea sand. Further, it lists 12 types of cements and 7 types of building limes. Finally, it provides a brief description of the mineral gypsum and its uses.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Ehab Mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TYPES OF BUILDING GRAVEL

Bank gravel
naturally deposited gravel intermixed with sand or
clay found in and next to rivers and streams

Bench gravel

A bed of gravel located on the side of a valley


above the present stream bottom, indicating
the former location of the stream bed when it
was at a higher level.

Creek rock:
this is generally rounded, semi-polished stones,
potentially of a wide range of types, that are
dredged or scooped from river beds and creek
beds. It is also often used as concrete
aggregate and less often as a paving surface

Crushed stone

rock crushed and graded by screens and then


mixed to a blend of stones and fines. It is widely
used as a surfacing for roads and driveways,
sometimes with tar applied over it. Crushed stop
may
be
made
from granite, limestone,
dolomite, and other rock.

Fine gravel: gravel consisting of


particles with a diameter of 2 to 4 mm.

Lag gravel: a
surface accumulation of coarse gravel
produced by the removal of finer particles.

Pay gravel:
also known as
"pay dirt"; a
nickname for gravel with a high
concentration of gold and other precious

metals. The metals are recovered


through gold panning.

Pea gravel: gravel that consists of small,


rounded stones used in concrete
surfaces. Also used for walkways,
driveways and as a substrate in home
aquariums.

Piedmont gravel: a coarse gravel carried


down from high places by mountain
streams and deposited on relatively flat
ground, where the water runs more slowly.

Plateau gravel: a layer of gravel on a


plateau or other region above the height
at which stream-terrace gravel is usually
found.

pes of costruction
sand
Pit Sand (Coarse sand):
This type of coarse sand is
procured from deep pits of
abundant supply and it is
generally in red-orange color.
The coarse grain is sharp,
angular and certainly free

from salts which is mostly


employed in concreting.

River Sand: River sand is procured from river


streams and banks and is fine in quality unlike
pit sand. This type of sand has rounded
grains generally in white-grey color. River
sand has many uses in the construction
purpose such as plastering

Sea Sand: As the name suggest, sea sand is


taken from seas shores and it is generally in
distinct brown color with fine circular grains.
Sea sand is avoided for the purpose
construction of concrete structure and in
engineering techniques because it contains

salt which tends to absorb moisture from


atmosphere and brings dampness. Eventually
cement also loses its action when mixed with
sea sand that is why it is only used for the
local purpose instead of structural
construction.

Types of cements

Rapid Hardening Cement: Attains high strength in early days it is used


in concrete where form work is removed at an early stage.
Quick setting cement: Used in works is to be completed in very short
period and concreting in static and running water
Low Heat Cement: It is used in massive concrete construction like
gravity dams
Sulphates resisting Cement: It is used in construction exposed to
severe sulphate action by water and soil in places like canals linings,
culverts, retaining walls, siphons etc.,
Blast Furnace Slag Cement: It can be used for works economic
considerations is predominant.
High Alumina Cement: It is used in works where concrete is subjected
to high temperatures, frost, and acidic action.
White Cement: It is more costly and is used for architectural purposes
such as pre-cast curtain wall and facing panels, terrazzo surface etc.,
Colored cement: They are widely used for decorative works in floors
Pozzolanic Cement: It is used in marine structures, sewage works,
sewage works and for laying concrete under water such as bridges,
piers, dams etc.,
Air Entraining Cement: This type of cement is specially suited to
improve the workability with smaller water cement ratio and to improve
frost resistance of concrete.
Hydrographic cement: This cement has high workability and strength.

Types of building limes

Natural Hydraulic Lime (NHL): NHL or Natural Hydraulic Lime, comes from
limestone that has natural impurities of clay and other minerals, the amount of
impurities within it determines how hard it will set.
Hydraulic lime (HL): Consists of lime and other materials such as cement, blast
furnace slag, limestone filler and other materials that react to harden the mortar. The
additives do not have to be declared. This is legally different to a natural hydraulic
lime.
Formulated lime: Formulated lime (FL) Formulated lime consists of hydrated lime
and/or natural hydraulic lime with added hydraulic or pozzolanic material. Inclusion
of any cement or cement clinker must be declared and a limited percentage. This is
legally different to a natural hydraulic lime and formulated lime.
Lime putty: Lime Putty is the product that has historically been used as the binder
in lime mortars. It has many names, and this sometimes causes issues, for example
it can be known as Non Hydraulic Lime, Fat Lime or Air Dried Lime. It is made when
quicklime is slaked with enough water to make a liquid and then left to mature for 3
months+ into a cottage cheese like consistency.
Hydrated lime: Often confused with natural hydraulic lime due to similarity of name
and also being a powder but is not to be used for the same applications. Hydrated
Lime is created when quicklime is added to just enough water to slake it into a
powder. It is a lesser form of lime putty, it is usually used as an additive in cement as
a plasticizer, and it should never be used as a binder in its own right as it is not
strong enough
Quicklime: Calcium oxide, or quicklime, is also known as lump lime This is the raw
material that is used to make lime putty. Quicklime is made by burning limestone or
chalk in a kiln. This drives carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, leaving a very
reactive material, calcium oxide. It is made in a range of sizes from lumps down to
very fine powder.

Gypsum
is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate
dehydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO42H2O. [3] It can
be used as a fertilizer, is the main constituent in many forms
of plaster and in blackboard chalk, and is widely mined. A
massive fine-grained white or lightly tinted variety of
gypsum, called alabaster, has been used for sculpture by

many cultures including Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia,


Ancient Rome, Byzantine empire and the Nottingham
alabasters of medieval England. It is the definition of a
hardness of 2 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. It
forms as an evaporate mineral and as a hydration product of
anhydrite.

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