ABSTRACT LIST

THE JOURNAL OF CPRI (Vol. 6, No. 2) September 2010

1.

Investigation of Insulation Performance of High

Voltage Rotating Machines using Intelligent
Techniques
K.Sathiyasekar, K.Thyagarajah & A.Krishnan

The condition of insulation performance of a high voltage rotating machine has been
analyzed using Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN), Fuzzy logic and BPN network
with Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controller concept along with slope
parameter. The economic aspects of its periodic maintenance, the loss in production due
to breakdown, the investment cost due to frequent replacement with a new machine is
huge. The insulation condition of the machine can be assessed by measuring the various
parameters like capacitance, leakage current, dissipation factor, polarization index, surge
voltage withstanding strength and partial discharge magnitude. To assess these
parameters of the insulations used in high voltage rotating machines, a number of
measurements have been made on actual stator coils of machines. For various test
voltages, the capacitance, leakage current and dissipation factor are measured and
correlated as a function of test voltages. It is observed from the simulation results that
BPN with PID techniques gives accurate results, predicting the performance of stator
winding insulation.

2.

A Low Cost Digitally Controlled Brushless DC Motor Drive

Designing
V. M. Takodia, J. J. Patel & M. A. Mulla

This paper presents a low cost, digitally controlled, closed loop BLDC motor drive.
Normally encoder feedback is required to get a speed feedback between two hall
sensor status changes, for robust controller designing. With a view to reduce the
cost, in this design an encoder feedback is avoided and moving average speed
estimation with variable Kp-Ki PI controller is realised. The digital controller Cortex
M3 ARM microcontroller LM3S2616 is implemented with only hall-sensors feedback
and variable Kp-Ki PI controller algorithm. The experimental setup is verified by
loading motor from no load to full load as well as with continuous and impact load.
Serially, motor parameters like speed, current are gathered on PC and analysed,
they confirmed the simulated results.

3. Development of Small Signal Analysis Package using FACTS

Devices for Dynamic Stability Enhancement in Multi
machine Power Systems
J.Gokula Krishnan & N.Senthil Kumar
This paper presents a systematic method of developing the mathematical model for
small signal stability analysis of power system using different types of FACTS device
namely (i) SVC (ii)STATCOM (iii) TCSC (iv) SSSC and (v) UPFC. In this paper, the
two axis model of the synchronous machine is used for investigating the small signal
dynamic behavior of the multimachine power system. Local stabilizing signals such
as real power perturbations, bus voltage deviations are used as control inputs for the
damping controllers in FACTS devices. A nonlinear optimization model is developed
which tunes the gains, time constants of the FACTS based damping controllers in the
stabilizing loop. Case studies are carried out on the standard WSCC 3 Machine 9
Bus system and the 10 Machine, 39 bus New England system. All computations are
carried out using MATLAB v7.6.

4. Digital Real Time Simulator for Testing of Load Shedding

Controllers
Meera K.S., J.Sreedevi and R.S. Shivakumara Aradhya
Load shedding is one the main actions that can be used to prevent complete black
out in industrial plants during grid disturbances. In case of grid disturbances it is
essential to isolate the industrial plant units from the grid as quickly as possible to
save the system. In importing mode of operation, it is essential that after grid
isolation the generators pick up additional power to meet the plant loads. If
adequate generation is not available, loads have to be shed to achieve loadgeneration balance.
The load shedding schemes are designed based on various factors such as - power
import before isolation., excess margin available in inplant generators to pick up
further load, response time of governors to changeover from constant power mode
to isochronous mode, rate of change of frequency and actual frequency at the time
of isolation etc. Thus, such schemes are to be tested under realistic power system
conditions including the protections used for islanding the system from Grid. Testing
of load shedding schemes requires the use of advanced testing tools to ensure both
protection functions and control logic to be tested using dynamic simulations.
In this paper, use of Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) at Central Power Research
Institute, Bangalore for testing of intelligent load shedding controllers is discussed. It
is shown that these controllers can be pre-commissioned and tuned, while connected
to the simulator in a closed loop.

5. A Novel Implementation Of Pspice Modeling For Reliability

Analysis Of Distribution Systems
G.N.Sreenivas, P.Srividyadevi, M. Deepti Lavanya and V.Sankar
In this paper, Markov processes for determining the reliability indices of
distribution system are discussed. The continuous Markov modeling is applied to
a complex radial distribution system and electrical equivalent circuits are
developed for the modeling. In general PSPICE is being used for electrical and
electronic circuits and various applications of power system like fault analysis,
transient analysis etc. In this paper, the SPICE modeling equivalent circuits which
are developed are applied in a novel way to Distribution System reliability analysis.
These circuits are simulated using PSPICE software to obtain the state
probabilities, the basic and performance indices. Thus the basic indices and the
performance indices obtained by this method are compared with those obtained
by FMEA technique. The application of the concepts presented in this paper are
illustrated and analyzed for the IEEE -Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS)

6. Minimizing monsoon load dips in coal fired thermal power

plants
M.Siddhartha Bhatt and N.Rajkumar
Thermal power plants operating on low grade high ash coals experience capacity
and performance drops during the rainy season. The parameters like plant load
factor (PLF), specific oil consumption (SOC), auxiliary power (AP), station load are
affected. There are two types of effect: effect of heavy incessant rains for a period
of 1-3 days which result in capacity dips and continuous decrease in parameters
over the 2-3 months monsoon season caused by decreased handling capacity and
flow of coal. The effect of monsoons is quantified in terms of deviation in the
operating parameters by a study of several stations over a wide geographical range.
Typically for a 1 to 3 GW station for short duration (1-3 days) peak load dips of the
order of 25-35 %, SOC increase to 25-30 ml/kWh and AP increase by 2-3 % of gross
generation are experienced during heavy rainy periods. Instantaneous load dips (2
h duration) can be much higher. For the monsoon season the dips in monthly PLF
can be 30-35 %, SOC can be 6-12 ml/kWh, auxiliary power increase is 1.5-3.0 % of
gross generation and forced outage % can increase to 4-5 times of the nonmonsoon values.
The stations need to gear up to the demands of the rainy season through several
preventive and control measures. A monsoon management plan needs to be in place
for handling O & M in this period on the fuel front as well as on the boiler front. Well
planned monsoon management can reduce severity of the power dips to less than
15 % of the peak load.

7. Energy efficiency improvement in coal fired thermal power

plants through optimization of starts
M.Siddhartha Bhatt, Rajashekar P. Mandi and N.Rajkumar
This paper presents a review the impact of transient operations in coal fired thermal
power plants on the unit heat rate (UHR). Once a tripping occurs, fuel oil, auxiliary
electric power, steam and coal is consumed to restore the unit back to its original
plant level. From boiler light up to almost 20 % load, there is virtually no net
generation from the unit. From 20 % load to 80 % load, the energy efficiency is
quite poor and uneconomical because of high auxiliary power and fuel oil support.
The annual impact of transient operations is almost 40-50 kcal/kWh in many stations
and this can be brought down to nearly 20 kcal/kWh by reducing the number of
trippings as well as the resource consumption during these operations. The outage
period also need to be brought down from nearly 60-80 hours/outage down to 30-40
hours/outage

8. Least Cost Integration Of Solar Energy Technologies Into

Fossil Power Plants
M.Siddhartha Bhatt
This paper presents the optimal integration of solar energy into coal fired power
plants. The solar thermal energy can be integrated through augmentation of heating
of make up water in the turbine cycle without any other additional equipment and
without interfering with the primary process. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power can be
integrated through supplementing the DC emergency loads by charging the battery
systems in the power plant. For a 250 MW coal fired plant, a solar flat plate
collector area of 8,000 m2 would reduce heat rate by 0.26 %. A PV capacity of 2
MW would be able to provide a continuous capacity of 440 kW to meet the DC
loads in normal course and emergency requirements (1 h of autonomy). The capital
cost for solar thermal collectors would be around Rs. 7.9 crores and for solar PV it is
around Rs. 16 crores. The payback period is around 4.6 years for solar thermal and
10 years for solar PV systems.

9. Effect of Thermal Spraying & Plasma Nitriding Treatments

on Fatigue Life of En-24 Shafting Steel
U. N. Puntambekar, G. S. Grewal, P. B. Joshi, P. Sampathkumaran and
T. P. Govindan
In the present work, the fatigue strength modification factors for a number of
surface engineering treatments on EN-24 shafting alloy steels have been
investigated. The surface treatments include, thermal spraying with Alumina &
Zirconia & Plasma nitriding with & without white layer. For this purpose, Basquin

type relationships for alternating stress versus cycles to failure have been developed.
Based on these relationships, the surface treatment modification factors in terms of
power law relationships have been evolved.

10. Robust Three Phase Silicon Carbide Heaters Controller

Designing
M. D. Raval, V. M. Takodia, J. J. Patel and M. A. Mulla
Silicon Carbide (SiC) is non-metallic high temperature heating element which is
widely used in electric furnace and electric heating devices, but SiC heating elements
are very sensitive to thermal shock and offer negative temperature co-efficient of
resistance which deteriorate its performances. This paper gives the novel solution of
these problems, and discusses a complete design of an electronic heater controller
to feed the three-phase SiC elements. The controller enables soft starting, superior
dynamic performance, reduce power losses, improves overall efficiency and high
reliability with basic variable AC voltage control capability. A 36 kW three-phase SiC
heater controller is designed, developed and tested, which confirms the theoretical
and simulated results.

11. Seismic Qualification Of Transformer Bushing

Srujana Nandam , Indrani Gogoi, R.Panneer Selvam and Ramesh Babu
In the past, Electric Power Substation equipment showed unreliable post-Earthquake
performance. The catastrophic failures of circuit breakers, transformer-bushings and
disconnect switches at the substations are major causes of outages during past
earthquakes. The satisfactory performance of Transformer Bushing system during
earthquake is very critical to ensure uninterrupted power supply for effective rescue
operations. Many transformers damaged during earthquake were already undergone
seismic qualification in the laboratory under real time design Earthquake motion.
Experimental test procedures recommended by the relevant Standards are being
revised to remove the discrepancies identified. A case study on seismic qualification
of transformer bushing by Shake table testing is presented in this paper.