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PHY103 Lec 10

The document summarizes a physics lecture on electrodynamics. It discusses two uniqueness theorems: 1) The solution to Laplace's equation is uniquely determined by the boundary conditions of the volume. 2) The electric field in a volume surrounded by conductors is uniquely determined if the total charge on each conductor is given. It then applies the method of images to find the potential and induced surface charge on an infinite grounded plane due to a point charge above it. The potential, force, and energies of the charge-plane system are calculated and shown to match those of an image charge configuration. Finally, it discusses using the method of images to solve for the potential outside a grounded conducting sphere.

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24 views10 pages

PHY103 Lec 10

The document summarizes a physics lecture on electrodynamics. It discusses two uniqueness theorems: 1) The solution to Laplace's equation is uniquely determined by the boundary conditions of the volume. 2) The electric field in a volume surrounded by conductors is uniquely determined if the total charge on each conductor is given. It then applies the method of images to find the potential and induced surface charge on an infinite grounded plane due to a point charge above it. The potential, force, and energies of the charge-plane system are calculated and shown to match those of an image charge configuration. Finally, it discusses using the method of images to solve for the potential outside a grounded conducting sphere.

Uploaded by

Shreya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

Semester II, 2015-16

Department of Physics, IIT Kanpur

PHY103A: Lecture # 10
(Text Book: Intro to Electrodynamics by Griffiths, 3rd Ed.)

Anand Kumar Jha

Notes
Second Problem Solving Session on Monday
(25 Jan-2016): 5-6 pm: TB-205, TB-206, TB-207
(TAs and Instructors will be around to help)
No Tutorial on Tuesday (26-Jan-2016)

Summary of Lecture # 9:
If the potential V() is a solution to the Laplaces equation then V() is the
average value of potential over a spherical surface of radius centered at .
=

42

First Uniqueness Theorem: The solution to Laplaces


Equation in some volume V is uniquely determined if V is
specified on the boundary surface S.

Second Uniqueness Theorem: In a volume V


surrounded by conductors and containing a specified
charge density , the electric field is uniquely
determined if the total charge on each conductor is
given.
3

Questions 1:
Second Uniqueness Theorem: In a volume V
surrounded by conductors and containing a specified
charge density , the electric field is uniquely
determined if the total charge on each conductor is
given.

??

Questions 2:
Laplacess Equation in one-dimension

Applications of Uniqueness theorem: The method of images:


Q: What is the potential in the region above
the infinite grounded conducting plane?
1
V =
No Why?
40 r
Because the point charge will induce some
charges in the conducting plane which will
also contribute to the total potential
Ans:

We have to solve Poissons equation 2 V = /0


with the following boundary conditions:
(i) V = 0 when = 0
(ii) V 0 when x 2 + y 2 + z 2 d2

Trick: Lets first solve the problem by removing the plate and adding at =
1

1
V =

40 x 2 + y 2 + (z d)2
x 2 + y 2 + (z + d)2

Does this satisfy the boundary conditions? (i) Yes


(ii) Yes
So, the first uniqueness theorem says that this is the solution of the problem. 5

Applications of Uniqueness theorem: The method of images:


Q: What is the induced surface charge?
V =

40

x 2 + y 2 + (z d)2

Just near conductor, we know that


=

x 2 + y 2 + (z + d)2

= 0

=
In the present problem,
= 0

=0

For the above potential

( )
=

40 x 2 + y 2 + z d

So,

+
3/2

( + )
x2 + y2 + z + d

= 0
=
=0
2 x 2 + y 2 + 2

2
Total induced
= =
charge:
=0

3/2

2 3/2

(induced charge is ve since is +ve)

2
2
=0 2 r +

3/2

(correct prediction)

Applications of Uniqueness theorem: The method of images:


Q: What is the Force and Energy?
V =

40

x 2 + y 2 + (z d)2

x 2 + y 2 + (z + d)2

The potential due to the image charge configuration


is same as due to the conducting plane.
Therefore, the electric field at any point must
be the same in the two configurations.
And therefore, the force on
charge must be the same in
the two configurations.

2
1
=

40 2 2

1
1
()

Energy of the image


= ( )=
+
()
charge system:
2
2 40 (2)
40 2

2
=
80

Energy of and the


0
= 16
= 2 = =
2
0
conducting plane:
2
40 2

(So, the electrostatic energy is not predicted correctly)


7

Applications of Uniqueness theorem: The method of images:


Q: What is the Force and Energy?
V =

40

x 2 + y 2 + (z d)2

x 2 + y 2 + (z + d)2

The potential due to the image charge configuration


is same as due to the conducting plane.
Therefore, the electric field at any point must
be the same in the two configurations.
And therefore, the force on
charge must be the same in
the two configurations.

2
1
=

40 2 2

However, the electrostatic energy of the two


configurations need not be the same.

Applications of Uniqueness theorem: Other Image Problem:


Q: What is the potential outside the
grounded conducting sphere?
We have to solve Poissons equation 2 V = /0
with the following boundary conditions:
(i) V = 0 at =
Trick: We first solve a different problem, with charge
and another point charge such that
=

2
=

The potential at is V =
At =

r=


1
+
40 r r

2 + 2 2cos

r = 2 + 2 2cos =

V R =

=0
40 r
r

So, the potential V satisfies the boundary condition.


Hence, this is the solution.

Solving the Laplaces Equation

This is about solving a second-order partial differential equation.


One of the methods is called separation of variables
In this course, well not be doing it.

10

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