S.I.P.S.COLLAGE REWA(M.P.

)
DESIGN OF WEB BASED
NEWSPAPER
A THESIS SUBMITTED IN
PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENT FOR
THE DEGREE OF
Post Graduate Diploma
in Computer
Application

Department of Computer Science

APS University
Rewa(M.P.)

submitted to submitted by
Ass. Prof. Siddharth (1) Vinod kumar tiwari
dwivedi (2) Saurabh tiwari
(3) Manish kumar mishra
(4) Amit kumar tiwari
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled Design of Web Based

Newspaper submitted by 1.Vinod kumar Tiwari 2. Saurabh

Tiwari 3. Manish kumar Mishra 4.Amit kumar Tiwari in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Post Garduate

Diploma in computer Application S.I.P.S Collage Rewa (M.P.)is

an authentic work carried out by them under my supervision and

guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in

the thesis has not been submitted to any other university /

institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma.

Date: Ass. Prof. Siddharth dwivedi

Place:Rewa(M.P.)
i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped

and supported me during my project work.

I express my sincere gratitude Ass. Prof. Siddharth dwivedifor

guiding and correcting various documents of mine with attention
and care. He has taken pain to go through the project and make
necessary correction as and when needed.
I express my thanks to the Director Prof.J.P. Kushwaha of

S.I.P.S Collage Rewa (M.P.) for extending his support.

I also convey my regards to all other faculty members of

Department of Computer Science S.I.P.S Collage Rewa (M.P.)

Finally I would like to thank and friends for their help and

assistance all through this project.

(1) Vinod kumar tiwari

(2) Saurabh tiwari
(3) Manish kumar mishra
(4) Amit kumar tiwari
 ABSTRACT

Diploma in computer Application S.I.P.S Collage Rewa (M.P.) is

one of the reputed institutions for technical education in India.

The main purpose of the project is intended to develop a portal

for management of Web based news. The portal provides a

suitable and easy display for which large population around the

world can learn or will have the knowledge about the world.

Basically this is a crowd sourcing newspaper. The idea is anyone

can send a news item using their web based gadget which is

managed by administrator to whom the editors panel kept in

charge for this to make it visible for the masses. This portal is

developed using HTML, PHP & CSS technologies and SQL

Server.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE................................................................................................. i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
................................................................................................
ii

ABSTRACT
...............................................................................................
iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
...............................................................................................
iv

TABLE OF FIGURES
................................................................................................
v

1.INTRODUCTION
.........................................................................................................................
1

2..............................................................................................R
EQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION..................................................4

3............................................................................................. D
ESIGNING
10

4............................................................................................. I
MPLEMENTATION
17
5.TESTING.................................................................................................... 30

6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK..............................................................................................33

REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 35
 TABLE OF FIGURES

FIGURE3.1 CONTEXT DIAGRAM.....................................................12

FIGURE 3.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM LEVEL1................................13

FIGURE 3.3 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM...........................15

FIGURE 3.4 USE CASE DIAGRAM...................................................16

FIGURE 4.1 HOME PAGE....................................................................25

FIGURE 4.2 HEADLINES....................................................................26

FIGURE 4.3 INDIAN NEWS................................................................27

FIGURE4.4 SPORTS.............................................................................28

FIGURE 4.5 BOLLYWOOD..................................................................29

 CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION

Software Engineering is the application of systematic,

disciplined, and quantifiable approach to the design,

development, operation, and maintenance of software, and study

of these approaches that is the application of engineering to

software. The term software engineering first appeared in the

1968 NATO software engineering conference and was meant to

provoke thought regarding the perceived software crisis at the

time.

The development of portal for web based newspaper generally

means creating a website in which the management of all news

item sent by crowd about any type of news & activities are done

by the administrator where all people (viewers) can view and

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know all the relevant information about the knowledge which

they seek. This project is about the designing of a newspaper

which displays the news which a normal person want to show.

This portal is designed by using HTML, PHP, & CSS

technologies and SQL Server. The portal has basically three user

parts where one is registered user (authentication required) who

can view, add comment can have general discussion with

another user and another is administrator (has an authentication)

who will manage or control the website and other user (no

authentication required) can only view and search.

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The website consists of basic pages from which the

user can view and know the relevant information like

history, upcoming. In other case, the administrator

manages all the relevant actions for which the users

can view properly and also make reports.

The model for this project is similar to the link

(http://business.timesonline.co.in.uk) as given

and for quick development and ease of use we selected

to implement Drupal. In this project Drupal is

installed over xampp. As we did not how to use and

setup Drupal, we had learned it from the given links

below:

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 CHAP
TER-2

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

2. REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

The purpose of SRS (Software Requirement

Specification) document is to describe the external

behavior of the web based newspaper. It defines the

operations, performance and interfaces and quality

assurance requirement of the web based newspaper.

The complete software requirements for the system are

captured by the SRS (Software Requirement

Specification).

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 Functional Requirements:

For documenting the functional requirements, the set

of functionalities supported by the system are to be

specified. A function can be specified by identifying

the state at which the data is to be input to the system,

its input data domain, the output data domain, and the

type of processing to be carried on the input data to

obtain the output data.

Basically the management parts are the functional

requirements which are uploading details, search topic,

edit option and user registration.

R1: Uploading Item

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Description: Uploading function can be done by the

user who has registered on the website. When the

user uploads an item and if it is a news item or forum

is determined and edited by the administrators or

editors and then it is displayed on the home page. A

registered user can also add comment on other news

as well.

R1.1: Select upload option.

Input: Upload item option.

Output:User will be prompted to enter the upload type.

R1.2: Select the type of item.

Input: Users option

from one of

the

following
14
 R1.2.1 News

item

R1.2.2

Forum

item

R1.2.3

Comm

ent

item

Output:User will be prompted to enter item details

according to the above item.

R1.3: Check to display

Input: Check whether the item is visible for the

masses.

Output: We will be prompted to display item.

R1.4: Display the item

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Input:Edit the news item.

Output: The item is displayed on the screen.

Processing:It is controlled by the editor and which

checks whether the uploaded item is fit for the mass or

not if it is then it display on screen if not then it is

edited to make it visible for the mass then display on

the screen of the website.

R2: Search topic

Description: Search function does not require any

authentication from its user so any user can perform

this function. If an user searches for a news item then

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the news will be displayed on the screen if it related to

the search topic.

R2.1: Select search option

Input: Search option.

Output: User will be prompted to enter the search

topic.

R2.2: Check for the search topic

Input: Checks for the search topic related item.

Output: We will be prompted to display the items.

R2.3 Display the item

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Input: Enter topic related to item.

Output: Display the item.

Processing: It checks for any item related to the search

topic and displays it on the screen and if there is no

item related to the topic is present then it will pop as no

related item.

R3: Edit topic

Description:Edit function can be done by only

administrator or editor. Any uploaded item is examined

and edited by administrator so it can be allowed to

display to mass.

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R3.1: Select edit option

Input:Edit option.

Output:User will prompted to edit the uploaded item.

R4: User registration

Description:Registration is allowed to the users who

are not registered yet (unregistered users) and

completion of this function they can also upload items.

19
R4.1: Select register option

Input:Register option.

Output: User will prompted to write a user name,

email id, and password.

R4.2: Check for validity

Input: Checks whether any other registered users have

same information.

Output: We will be prompted to register successfully

if it has different information or else its rejected.

Processing: It checks if the information submitted

about the new user is similar

20
to any other registered
user if yes it rejects the user information if no then

new user will be registered successfully.

Non-functional Requirements:

These are the requirements that are not functional in

nature. Especially these are the constraints the system

must work within.

Performance Requirements: The system

response time must be less than 30 seconds for

the user interface. Or else the system will show

TIMED OUT.

Reliability Requirements: The system shall

have a minimum uptime of 99 % excluding time

pre-scheduled for maintenance and/or upgrades.

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 Safety Requirements: All the system data must

be backed up every day and the backup copies

stored in another server at different location for

disaster recovery.

Quality Attributes: The source code for the system is

well documented for ease of maintenance and

upgrading the system in future.

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 CHA
PTE
R-3

DESIGN
3. DESIGN

Design phase deals with transforming the

requirements, as described in the SRS document, into

a form that is implemented using a programming

language. The various designs of this system are

shown as following:

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 1. Data Flow Diagram:

Data Flow diagram is a graphical representation of

flow of data throughout the information system. Data

outputs.
flow diagrams illustrate how data is processed by a
Name Notation Role
system in terms of inputs and
Process Transforms incoming data flow to output

data flow

Data Store Repositories of data in the system.

Dataflow Dataflow are pipelines through which

packets of information flow.

External Entity External entities are objects outside the

system, with which the system communicates

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 Publish News Account Details

Account Details Add Comments

0.0 Users
Administrator News Details Feedback
Web Based
User details Newspaper General Discussion

Content Details

Edit Info. View Search

Other Users
 FIGURE 3.1 CONTEXT DIAGRAM

1.1

Upload item

Upload info.

1.6
Other user Search info.
activity
1.2 1.4
Display info.
User activity
Manage detail
Edit info.

1.5
Admin activity Manage info. User info. Acc. info

Acc. info 1.3

Register

Save data

Data base
 FIGURE 3.2 LEVEL 1DFD

Data Dictionary:

News Details :{Sports News + Education

News + Business news} User Details :

{ User Id + Email Id + Password}

Content Details: {Email Id + Message}

Account Details :{ User+ Old

Password + New Password}

Feedback :{ Name+ Email+ Message}

View Detail :{ Headlines +

Previous News} Search

Detail: {Topic + News}

2. Entity Relationship Diagram:

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 FIGURE 3.3 ER DIAGRAM
3. Use case diagram:

30
 FIGURE 3.4 USECASE DIAGRAM

CHAPTER-4

IMPLEMENTATION

4. IMPLEMETATION

Implementation or execution in any project is done when the

project planning is complete as detailed as possible.

In this phase it monitors everything that could jeopardize the

project or part of it in another words the theory is being tested by

implementation to make sure the data in the system changes

according to the plan.

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In order to keep track of project plan and keep ourselves in

control all the tool and steps involved are applied by the project

manager. Steps in which all the tools are used:

Take action according to plan

Record and document all the work, changes & results

Analyze the result of action or changes made according to

the plan

The steps involved here in this particular phase are:

Installation of Hardware and Software

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 Conversion of data

System Training

Documentation of the system

Installation of hardware and software:Before implementation

the hardware and the software required for debugging the

system should be made fully operativeso the translation can

occur smoothly which is one of the most critical and costly

activities in the system development life cycle.

Conversion of data: As the old system is converted into new

system similarly the data from the old system should also be

converted to run in the new system with in new format. I this

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step the recovery procedures are needed to be fully defined and

also the database isconfigured with security.

System training: All the programs of the system are loaded

onto the computer systems of the user during this step. After

loading the system we check by whether the project is under the

control of the user and works according to the plan.

To confirm the above sentence we need to complete the

following steps:

To execute the package

To pass the data

To process the data

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 To take out the reports/records

As the new system is completely trained about the computerized

system then the working is also change from manual to

computerized working andthe process is called Changeover .

There are few strategies whichdescribed for changeover of the

system bellow:

1. Direct changeover

2. Parallel run

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 3. Pilot run

(i) Direct Changeover:Thenewsystem needs complete training

and testing when it completely replaced on the old system due to

uncertain approach of the system.

(ii)Parallel run:When computerized and manual systems are

implemented simultaneously for some defined periodthen the

same information is processed by both the systems. This strategy

is costly but not very risky.

This is very costly because:

Manual results can be compared with the results of the

computerized system.
36
 The operational work can be doubled.

Failure of the computerized system at the early stage does not

change the working of the organization, because the manual

system goes on, as it used to do.

(iii)Pilot run:The data and information in pilot run of the new

system is put into run for the whole or part of the system from

one or more of the preceding periods. The outcomes at this

stage are compared with the old system results. In this strategy

the errors are found easily and also it builds confidence.

Documentation of the system:This is also one of the

mainactivities in the system development life cycle. This ensures

the stability and continuity of the system. There are basically 2

37
types of documentation. These are: User or Operator

Documentation and System Documentation

The user documentation is a complete explanation of the system

from the end users point of view how to use or operate the

system. Itcontains the major error messages likely to be run into

by the users. The system documentation comprises the details of

system design, programs,

Coding, system flow, data dictionary, etc. This helps to realize

the system and permit changes to be made in the existing system

to fulfill new user needs

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 TECHNOLOGIES USED

SQL SERVER

In this project Microsoft SQL Server is used which is a

relational database management system developed by

Microsoft. SQL Server Express is a cost free and very easy-to-

use which is based on SQL Server 2005 technology. It is

designed to deliver a platform for its use with superior ease. It

enables fast deployments for its objectives and its use begins

with a simple and robust graphical user interface (GUI).GUI

guides the user throughout the installation process and its

toolsare emanate for SQL Server Express which includes SQL

Server Management Studio Express Edition, Surface Area

Configuration Tool and SQL Server Configuration Manager.

These tools abridge the basic database operations.

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 CODING

The objective of coding phase for a given design is to

implement the design in best way possible. In this phase

design of the system is translated into code in a

programming language. The coding phase affects the

maintenance and testing phase of the system development

life cycle process. Testing and maintenance effort reduces

if the code is well written.

40
Since the testing and maintenance cost of software are

much expensive than the coding cost, the goal of coding

should be to reduce the testing and maintenance effort.

Hence, during coding the emphasis must be on

developing programs which are easy to write. Simplicity

and clarity should beachieved, during the coding phase.

In this project HTML, CSS, PHP, & C# codes are used

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the main markup

language for displaying web pages and other information

that can be displayed in web browser. HTML written in

the form of the HTML elements consisting of tags

enclosed in angle brackets with in the web page content.

The purpose of the web browser is to read HTML

documents and compose them into visible web pages.The

browser never displays the HTML tags these tags are used

to interpret the content of the pages.

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is refered to define the

appearance andlayout of text and other material. CSS is

encouraged to be used over explicitly presentational

HTML markup.

JavaScript is embed script in language which affect the

behavior of HTML web pages.

PHP is an embedded HTML scripting language and also a

general purpose server side scripting language originally

designed for web development to produce dynamic web

pages. The cod is interpreted by a web server with a PHP

processor module which generates te resulting web page.

Software that uses PHP includes Joomla, Wordpresss, and

Drupal.Software that used in this project is Drupal.

PHP allows the user to:

Reduces the time to create large websites.

Creates a customized user experience for visitors

based on the information gathered from them.

Open up possibilities for online tools.

 Allow creating of shopping carts for e-commerce

websites.

RESULTS AND SCREEN SHOTS

After going through all the phases of System

Development Life Cycle of this project, the portal is

designed successfully.

The below figures are the screenshots of that portal given

as
 HOME PAGE:

Below is the snap shot of the home page before login on this

page we can see all the news.

FIGURE 4.1 HOME PAGE
 HEADLINES:

Below shows the snapshot of all the headlines on the main news

around the world after login of users.

FIGURE 4.2 HEADLINES

 INDIAN NEWS:

Below shows the snapshot of a news page which covers a news

about indian politics, election and business news etc.

FIGURE 4.3 INDIAN NEWS

 SPORTS:

Below shows the snapshot of sports news page which displays

all news related to sports
 FIGURE 4.4
SPORTS

BOLLYWOOD:

Below shows the snapshot of bollywood page which displays the

news about bollywood.
FIGURE 4.5 BOLLYWOOD
 CHAPTER-5

TESTING

5. TESTING

Testing phase is a very important for a successful

system. In this phase before implementing the new

system into operation, for eliminating bugs a test run of

the system is done. After completing codes for the

whole programs of the system, a test plan should be

developed and run one given set of test data.

Using the test data subsequent test run are carried out:

Unit testing: It is a method by which individual units of

source code, sets of one or more program modules

53
collectively with associated control data, usage

procedures, and operating procedures, are tested to

determine whether they are fit for use. Intuitively, one

can view a unit as the smallest testable part of an

application. In procedural programming a unit can be an

entire module but is more commonly an individual

function. In object-oriented programming a unit is an

entire interface but could be an individual method. Unit

test is created by programmers or by white box

testersduring the development process.

Each test case is independent from the others:

substitutes like method stubs, mock objectscan be used

to assist testing a module in isolation. Unit tests are

typically written and run by software developers to

ensure that code meets its design and behaves as

54
intended. Its implementation can vary from being very

manual to being formalized as part of build automation.

Integration testing: It is the phase in software testing in

which individual software modules are combined and

tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before

validation testing.

Integration testing takes as its input modules that have

been unit tested, groups them in larger

aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test

plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the

integrated system ready for system testing .

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Program test:After the programs have been coded,

compiled andcarried out to working conditions, they

must be independently tested with the prepared test

data. Any unwanted happening should be notedand

debugged.

System Test:When the program test for each of the

programs of the system is written and errors are

removed then system test iscomplete. Atthis stage the

test is done on actual data. The complete system is put

into execution on the actual data. At every stage of the

execution, the output of the system is studied. During

theoutcome analysis, it may be found that the outputs

are not matching the estimated output of the system. In

such situation, the bugs or errors in the particular

56
programs are recognized and are fixed and further

verified for the expected output.

When it is confirmed that the system is running error-

free, the users are called with their own real data so that

the system could bepresented running as per their

requirements.

57
 CHAPTER-6
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

After processing through all phases of the system

development life cycle, the portal is developed. In future it

will be hosted on the internet server which will be accessed by

all people in the world and can view the site and learn as

much as news and information about the world. The

Administrator or editor who will be assigned for editing or

managing or controlling will be given the secure login

information and will change or modify the website as per the

requirements.

Also in future we can add more features to support ipads,

iphone and other electronic devices.

58
 REFERENCES

REFERENCES

1. Fundamentals of Software Engineering,Rajiv Mall,New

Delhi: PHI Learning limited, 2003

2. Paul Nielsen, SQL Server 2005 Bible. Paul Nielsen, New

Delhi: Wiley, 2006

3. HTML, and CSS Bible. Bill Karow, Chuck White, Steven

M. Schafer Bryan Pfaffenberger, New York: Wiley 2004

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