1.0 INTRODUCTION dissemination of the industry, employment and services.

This area is also less dynamic

and recoil. The basic preparation of this reference is one of the guides for the provision
1.1 Introduction of Study Central Planning Settlement District of Yan, Kedah Darul Aman. It is a review
process prefix before it ware carried out. In the report basic reference, there are in
Region is areas encompass two or more administrative area. According to Town and describe the goal, objective, scope of study, justification study, the study area and current
Regional Planning and Country Act 1976 (172), it compromises of two states or more. issues of the study area, policy aspects of each sub sector and the result listed in order
The context of the regional planning not be explained with real and the goal is not to achieve the original purpose of this study.
detailed or in generally agreed. The understanding of the concept of real region
constantly changing and a clear distinction on the regional planning between physical
planning and economic planning. 1.2 Purpose of Technical Report

1) Physical Planning The purpose of technical writing is to convey information as efficiently as possible. The
Planning the physical structure of the land use, relationship, public facilities and so significant findings from the study will improve the planning of settlement centre in the
that derived from the rules and control in the development of the city. district of Yan. The study will be conducted and the analysis of data of each sector will
expose the issues of the area. The necessary action will be considered to improve the
2) Economic Planning planning of the area.
Emphasis on the economic structure of an area and the overall level of prosperity.
Between the purposes of the regional development in terms of imbalance city with
rural refers to the imbalance of economic activity, employment, educational 1.3 Goal
opportunities and cultural change. In the context of study will be carried out,
Development strategy has been designed in order to reduce the gap imbalance of The goal of this study is to plan the settlement centres in District of Yan, Kedah Darul

the economic development of agriculture regions and the state and rural areas and Aman.

the city. As mentioned from the goal of Malaysian Plan the 9th (2005), the focus in
the development of the region are as follows:
1.4 Objectives
1. To create jobs opportunities in the agricultural sector especially in the area of the
In order to achieve the goal, three objectives have been outlined as follow:
less fortunate to improve quality of life of society.

2. Overcome the problem of income inequality among the population and imbalance 1. To identify the actual settlements centre in District of Yan, Kedah Darul Aman.
of regional planning.
2. To identify the physical space in order to understand the distribution, vesting,
3. Able to produce the economy as a continuous especially through the agriculture arrangement and distant among the settlement.
sector.
3. To identify the central position settlement through physical, social and economic
4. Be able to diversify economic structure in less developed countries.
aspects.

Besides that, the purpose of the development is the focus on the development
settlement centre which these situation results in small town or rural failed to grow as the
economic centre, social and politics. Due to the case, rural loss of the opportunity

1
1.5 Scope of Study

The scope of the study as follow: 1.6.1 Methodology of Study

The study involves several stages. Every stage consists of comprehensive and
systematic information. The studies are divided as follows:
Table 1.1: Scope of Study

Scope Aspects

Policies and strategies the importance of contact region Stage 1: Term of Reference
The importance of sector and contact region.
Regional Framework
Regional hierarchy Review the terms of reference is a reference to the theory of regional planning
Policies and strategies in regional and state level that has been set to develop the goals, objectives, scope of study, work
programs, resources and other data. This study based on a theory to develop the
Land use sector goals, objectives and scope of the study.
Physical Transportation sector
Facilities sector

Economic Commercial sector Stage 2: Literature Review

Housing sector Preliminary research conducted is to identify issues and problems in the study
Social
Demographic / Population sector
area roughly. It was obtained by the authority whom can provide information to
guide prior to the study site. This stage also has the policies, the policies and
strategies of the research.

1.6 Research Approach

Stage 3: Data Collection
The study involves some aspects of the review of the initial stage of management up to
Two types of sources of information that will be used at this stage to find out the
the level in the District of Yan. The aspects are:
source of secondary and primary sources. Information from secondary sources
1) Methodology Study derived from the authority, RTD, books, magazines or articles related to and
partly from the literature review that has been carried out in previous related
2) Project Schedule studies. Information from these sources is use as a base and support in making
final recommendations later. Primary sources that derived from field studies. For
this study,there are two methods which are questionnaire survey on respondents
and observation for inventory. The expected total respondents is 381. The total is
determined based on the limited study period. Whilst for inventory, data is
collected based on what has been observed visually.

2
 Issues and Goal, Objectives and Scope of Study
Stage 4: Data Analysis and Findings
Problems
STAGE 1 Statement
Data analysis based on data collected through a questionnaire from Preliminary
Study
respondents. The method of data collection, from face to face interview. The data Report Terms of Reference
Formation View Report Preliminary Study
will be recorded by using SPSS method. The analysis will be provided in the form
of technical reports. Recommendations, findings based on the objectives and
goals will be achieved at the end of the study.

STAGE 2
Literature Literature Review
Review
Stage 5: Proposal

Based on these findings and information obtained the study area and review of
the literature, the proposed improvements that be made at the end of the study.
The proposed improvements will explain the repair-related proposals in the study Primary Data
area.
STAGE 3 Data 1. Field Study
Collection Data Collection

Secondary Data

2. RFN. RSN. RTD.

PBT and others

Asses the current state of site

STAGE 4 Data Data Analysis 3. Potential and Treat

and Findings

Findings Potential and recommendation of

physical economic and social aspect.

Potential must achieve 1. Report Proposal

STAGE 5 the sets of goal and 2. Strategies Policies
Proposals based on the analysis. 3. Programme/Project
Proposal
4. Master Plan
Development

Figure 1.1 : Methodology of Study

3
1.6.2 Project Schedule

4
 But there among the disputes this claim term is an abbreviation of the word Yan fruit
Durian. However, Yan province recorded its own history.
2.0 SITE BACKGROUND
Yan District is a small town and a district in Kedah. Yan Besar is the administrative town
2.1 Profile State of Kedah of Yan district, complete with administrative facilities such like Police Stations, magistrate
court, district and land office. Its lifestyle is laid-back and slow-paced, with weekend
State of Kedah have nine (9) district in Kedah, such as District of Bandar Baharu, District
attractions of natural waterfalls nearby. It also attracts most pensioners to build their
of Kulim, District of Baling, District of Kuala Muda, District of Sik, District of Pendang,
dream house for pleasant retirement or nurture some local fruit orchards. The waterfalls
District of Yan, District of Kota Setar, District of Pendang Terap and District of Kubang
derived from the Gunung Jerai are known as Seri Perigi. Tangga Kenari and Titi Hayun,
Pasu. State of Kedah bordered with Pelis, Pulau Pinang and Perak, and also Kedah
Batu Hampar, Puteri Mandi and Pulau Bunting Bridge. The new bridge connects Pulau
boundary with Country of Thailand.(Refer Figure 2.1)
Bunting to Yan district.
The study area for this project in State of Kedah is District of Yan. District of Yan is
Table 2.2: Number of Settlement Centre District of Yan, Kedah Darul Aman
located in the Western part of Kedah and its bordered by the districts of Kota Setar in the
No. Mukim Settlement Centre
North, Pendang district in the east and district of Kuala Muda in the South. Yan district
Guar Chempedak
has an area of 24,177.78 hectares (241.78 km), which includes 5 mukim and 4 islands. Batu 17
Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau
1. Sala Besar
Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun
Bukit Besar
Table 2.1 Number of Mukim in District of Yan Permatang Buloh
Yan Besar
2. Yan
No. Mukim Area (Hectare) Population Yan Kechil
Sungai Daun
3. Sungai Daun
1. Sala Besar 7,101.94 24,796 Sungai Limau Dalam
4. Dulang Sedaka
2. Yan 7,335.76 21,344 5. Singkir Singkir
Source:RancanganTempatan Daerah Yan 2006-2010
3. Sungai Daun 5,331.81 11,618

4. Dulang 2,306.43 5,126

5. Singkir 1,932.82 3,066 District of Yan has five (5) districts namely Mukim Sala Besar, Yan, Sungai Daun, Dulang
and Singkir. In each district there are some settlements. Mukim Sala Besar there are six
Pulau Bunting, Pulau Songsong,
6. 149.02 - (6) Settlement Centre Guar Chempedak, Batu 17, Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau, Simpang
Pulau Telor and Pulau Bidan
Tiga Sungai Daun, Bukit Besar and Permatang Buloh. Mukim Yan there is two (2)
TOTAL 24,177.78 65,950 settlements Center Yan Besar and Yan Kechil. Mukim Sungai Daun there is two (2)
Source:RancanganTempatan Daerah Yan 2006-2010 settlements Center Sungai Daun and Sungai limau dalam. Mukim Sedaka has a one (1)
settlements Center Sedaka. Mukim Singkir has one (1) settlements Center Singkir.

2.2 History District of Yan, Kedah

Yan District is a unique area in the state. Natural covering Gunung Jerai extending into
the sea at Tanjung Jaga and the Straits of Malacca. Historically, Yan references taken Table 2.3: Number of Population by Settlement Centre in District of Yan
from the end of the word Sendayang which is a plant that there is here some time ago.

5
No. Settlement Centre Population The number of respondents who has interviewed is 381 respondents. The number of
households in the study area is about 13 422 units. Sample size according to the size of
1. Guar Chempedak 4453
the central place it as shown in the tablebelowa total of 222 respondents were male
2. Yan Kechil 3938 equal to 58.2%, while about 159 (41.7%) is female respondents. The analysis showed
differences in the percentage of respondents were male and 16.5% female respondents.
3. Yan Besar 2308

4. Sungai Limau Dalam 922

Table 2.4 : Number of Samples in Each Settlement Center
5. Singkir 476
Settlement Centre Sample
6. Bukit Besar 291
Guar Chempedak 50 Sample
7. Sedaka 274
Yan Besar 40 Sample
8. Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau 274 Yan Kechil 40 Sample

9. Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun 180 Sungai Limau Dalam 35 Sample

10. Permatang Buloh 137 Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau 33 Sample

Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun 30 Sample

11. Sungai Daun 100
Bukit Besar 27 Sample
12. Batu 17 69 Batu 17 26 Sample
Source: Study of Settlement in District of Yan, 2014 Permatang Buloh 25 Sample
Sungai Daun 25 Sample
Sedaka 25 Sample
Table above shows the number of population in each Settlement Center in the District of Singkir 25 Sample
Yan, Kedah Darul Aman. This Data is retrieved from a survey was done at each center of
Total 381 Sample
the Settlements in the District of Yan, Kedah Darul Aman. From the results of a survey
that has been done, found residents of the settlement Centre Guar Chempedak is a
settlement Center the highest population of the settlement Centre in Yan, Kedah Darul Based on the Table 2.4 is distributed according to the number of sample Settlement
Aman. While the number of lowest per population Settlement Center is at mile 17. Center in the District of Yan, Kedah Darul Aman. Distribution of samples is based on the
Population in Settlements Guar Chempedak is a total population of 4453, Yan Kechil total population in each settlement Center in the District of Yan. Guar Chempedak is a
about 3,938 population, Yan Besar about 2308 population, Sungai Limau Dalam about Settlement Center total sampling the most number of 50 samples, followed by Yan Besar
922 population, Singkir about of 476 population, Bukit Besar of 291 population, Sedaka 40 samples, Yan Kechil 40 samples, Sungai Limau Dalam 35 samples, Simpang Tiga
about of 274 population, Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau a total of 274 population, Simpang Sungai Limau 33 samples, Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau 30 samples, Bukit Besar 27
Tiga Sungai Daun 180 population, Permatang Buloh about 137 population, Sungai Daun sample, Batu 17 is 26 samples, Permatang Buloh 25, Sungai Daun 25%, Sedaka 25%
about 100 population and 17 69 population. and Singkir 25%. The minimum sample is 381 as mentioned by Morgan (1970).

Total sampling 2.2 Zonning Area District of Yan, Kedah Darul Aman

6
 to 241.78 square kilometers of the plan area that could potentially be developed on an
area, development is 388.47 hectares equivalent to 5.74% of the district area of the vast
Yan, Kedah Darul Aman. While spacious areas with barriers to developed a 22,
development is 789.31 hectares equivalent to 94.26% of the total area of the District of
Yan, Kedah Darul Aman. This show the potential areas to be developed in the
development district of Yan is limited because due to this area in the District of Yan is
mostly privately owned land which is MADA. Only 3/4 of the District of Yan is owned by
MADA.

Of the above plan, Yan district has four (4) control zone according to certain areas. the
first is the area in the zone right as development areas, the second is an area that has
been in the zone right as retention zone paddy MADA, the third is an area that has been
in the zone right as retention zone for agricultural and commercial is the fourth area was
in the zone right as retention zone natural ecology. This district was dominated majority
of Yan by agricultural cultivation of paddy causes areas of the District of Yan to
developed is limited.

2.4 Justification of District Yan as a Study Area

2.4.1 Physical

1. Current Land Use

Agricultural land use is the largest land use (67.33%) with an area of 16,278.10 hectares,
followed by the use of forest land 37, 25.81 hectares (15:42%) is concentrated in District
LEGEND:
Yan, Reuters Remove and island areas. Built-up land use that includes residential land
RENTENTION ZONE ARGICULTURE FOR MADA use, industrial, commercial, institutional and community facilities and transport

DEVELOPMENT AREA infrastructure and has an area of 3,123.50 hectares representing 12.91% of the total
area of land use.
RENTATION ZONE ARGICULTURE FOR COMMERCIAL

RENTATION ZONE NATURAL ECOLOGY

Figure 2.1: Zoning Area District of Yan, Kedah Darul Aman

Figure 2.1 is a zoning Plan area district of Yan, Kedah Darul Aman area has the potential
2. Communication Network Systems
to be developed and development areas have the potential to be developed any kind of
development in the area. The total area district of Yan is 24, 177.78 hectares equivalent

7
In terms of accessibility, the Yan district can be reached directly from the area bordered The basic direction of economic development for the District of Yan is to establish
by the Kuala Kedah Sala Besar, Alor Star - Great Sala, Pendang - Guar Chempedak, diversity activities for enhancing productivity time. Business Sector will strengthen
Desert - Guar Chempedak, Cape Wire - Remove and Bedong - Remove. Road network to generate competitive economic growth in the District of Yan. An area of land of
in Yan district consists of federal routes, state roads and local roads as follows: the area of business in the District of Yan in 2006 is covering an area of 24.22
hectares, while the projected business area in 2020 is expansive 180.11
hectares. This shows increase business area by the year 2020, and then it will

3. Drainage System enhance economic and business activity in the Yan district. Development in the
Yan District more concentrated in Guar Chempedak where placement is on the
Yan district has two major drainage systems of natural river systems (involving 20 rivers Federal road and close to the industrial areas in Gurun. In addition, the
along 92.78 miles) and or drainage irrigation system built for irrigation of crops especially development is also concentrated in the Yan Besar and Yan Kechil.
paddy (involving 16 secondary trunk canal and secondary drains along the shaft 33 287
994 miles) . Commercial and use more concentrated in the centre of the main Settlements
like Bandar Yan (District of Yan), town of Guar Chempedak (Mukim Sala Besar)
as well as the Pekan Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau and Pekan Sungai Limau in
(Mukim Sungai Daun). Generally, the Yan District has an area of settlement the
4. Topography and Slope
traditional village centre at the intersection and along the main streets and the

Landform in the Yan district as a whole is sloping and flat, suitable for rice cultivation, mouth of the river. However, there are issues and problems that are found in the

while in the southern part of the county which borders the districts of the terrain is hilly districts of Yan to the economy in this area, including:

and mountainous. Most of Yan district has a height of less than 100 meters (86.70%),
Development Imbalances between regions in the districts of Yan.
while 6.02% are under height 101-300 meters. The remaining 7.28% is made up of high
ground where the highest peak reaching sehingga3, 500 meters, Gunung Jerai. Almost Development of linear along the main streets lead to irregular developments
the entire district Yan gradient of less than 25o (95.6%). The remaining 4.4% is made up and unplanned.
of slopes above 25o and categorized as high risk areas for development.
The ratio of floor space between the wholesale, retail and services imbalance.

State of the uninteresting and fasad obsolete will affect the visual quality of
the area, in particular the aspect of urban design

Creating a shortage of supply for small wholesale business sectors and

services

Place the excess supply of retail business.

2.4.2 Economy

8
2.4.3 Social 3.0 REGIONAL FRAMEWORK

a) Current Employment and Population Profile 3.1 Introduction

Yan country population in 2000 was 62.2117 which represent about 3.77 % of the Reginonal framework is a main sector that play a vital role in determining the direction of
total population of the state of Kedah in 2005; the total population of the district had development in the study area. In planning research settlement centers in the District of
been working up to 66.590 people, with an average annual growth rate (KPPT) of Yan, Kedah Darul Aman, regional framework sector examine the whole sectors in the
moderate to about 1.37%. While household size was 4.7 people in the district Yan, gross to see the comparison at the National, State and District and to find the potential in
while the total urban population of 21 061 people (31.63 %). Employment of the the study area. In planning the settlement centres in District of Yan there are five aspects
district Yan in 2005 is estimated at 22.236 with major contribution by the third sector will be reviewed such as development policies of settlement canters, the development
were 9,069 persons (40.78 %) , followed by the first batch of 7,600 persons (34.18 trend of settlement centres, transportation and communication, social population and
%) and the second batch of 5,567 persons (25.04 %) . Unemployment rate stood at economic base.
10.41 %.
Policy aspects development of the settlements centre will be reviewed at the
international level because District of Yan are located in regional cooperation between
Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand in growth triangle (IMT-GT), at the State level will see the
b) Projections of Population and Employment
policy of National Physical Plan is used to know the national strategies in developing

Based on simple projections based on the rate of life and also assuming that the settlement centres, the state level policies related to the study will be taken as a guide

district is committed to the development of fully implemented Yan, Yan country for the development in the State and District level. Policies from District of Yan council

population is expected to grow as many as 28.288 people between the years 2005 also be seen as a guide in the development plan consistent with in the future. Next, in

to 2020, with increased household size in 2020. the aspect of the trend development settlement centres District of Yan will see the
current trend of development , development strategy purposed, comparison hierarchy of
settlement centres in the context of state and district by seen the function and hierarchy
of settlements in District of Yan.

Moreover, in terms of transportation and communication networks will examine road

circulation and the distance between settlement centers in the state and District of Yan.
In the meantime, this aspect will also review the communication facilities at land, air and
water to know the ease the access to the study area. Next is the social aspect that will
analyse comparison of populations with focus on the total number and the comparison of
the population in the state of Kedah to other states in Malaysia, and a comparison
between the District of Yan with other districts in the state of Kedah .This aspect will also
compare the social provision of residential in the state of Kedah with others states and
District of Yan with others district in states of Kedah.

Aspects of economic development scenario will focus on economic fundamentals in the

states in the Northern Corridor Economic Region (NCER) such as Kedah, Perlis, Penang

9
 and Perak. In this economic scenario examine the comparison of economic base area, social in demography and housing, transport and communication, and finally scenario
between the state of Kedah to the states in the rate of NCER by focusing on the main economic development of Kedah.
income generating sectors to state of Kedah such as agriculture, mining and quarrying,
3.3.1 Current Policy: Development Direction of Study Area
manufacturing, construction and service . In planning the development of settlement
centres in District of Yan, all of the following aspects will be analyzed and summarized in
a regional perspective. Issue and potential findings of the study form the initial proposal
in planning settlement centres in District of Yan. I. Indonesia - Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMTGT)

Cooperation among Indonesia-Malaysia and Thailand that was establish in 1995

through Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) aimed to explode
3.2 Definition of Regional Framework
resource in these regions as well as to encourage the participation of the private

Regional framework is comprehensive planning in regional study with taking into account sector to contribute to economic growth. This Cooperation is composed of 14

the scope of macro and micro. The meaning of macro-regional in context Regional provinces in southern Thailand, 8 states of peninsular Malaysia, and 10 Sumatran

framework is the study of a region is larger scope. As this study to develop a settlement provinces in Indonesia. Based on Figure 3.1 describes the District of Yan located

centers in District of Yan, the study of macro is function to see various aspects of the scope in the state of Kedah, which is one of the states involved in this triangle

of international, national and state that the influence the development of settlement centers. Cooperation in peninsular Malaysia. IMT- GT is the key for strategies developed

While the meaning of micro-region is study of the region in small scope. Basicly micro- on all three sub region that focused on the development of investment, industry,

region in this study is mean that influece that helps in enhancing development settelment agriculture and fisheries, transport, communications and energy as well as the

centers in District of Yan. In explaining the region, Bath (1973), in Malaysian Studies tourism sector. IMT-GT contributed to Kedah State in providing opportunities in

(2010), the region is "a creation of geographical boundaries beyond the limits of political creating joint ventures, especially in the private sector for promoting the concept

boundaries or state government with forming its own borders based on the importance of of the entrance of goods, development of agriculture and fisheries between

planning and development if the antecedent can be formed from economic and social Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand.

criteria ". A study by McLoughlin and Brian (1978), defines the region as a system or
subsystem itself to the larger system of the country. This system has the parts or
complementary subsystems interact and relate. The framework is mean a conceptual Table 3.1: Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand -Growth Triangle (IMT-GT) Policies
structure used in addressing a problem. The merger of regional framework is aimed to
develop a comprehensive conceptual basis of macro and micro in addressing a problem. National Physical Plan 2010 Structure Plan State of Kedah 2002-2020
Regional framework is important to know the current development policies used in the
study and review aspects of the research on macro and micro levels to see the potential DS1
NPP 4
and influence development.
Enhancing regional cooperation (IMT-GT) and
Cooperation in physical planning and
regional development in the field of industrial,
economic development between
agricultural, transportation, communications,
malaysia and asean regional countries
tourism, health, education and other areas of
3.3 Data Analysis and Findings need strengthened
potential in the state

This section will analyze the context of Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Economic Source: National Physical Plan-2 (2010-2015) and Structure Plan State of Kedah 2002-2020
(IMT-GT), in context of Northern Corridor Economic Regions (NCER), in Context of
National, in Context State of Kedah, in Context District of Yan, development trend of study

10
 Based on Table 3.1, there are two policies that have been identified in Based on Table 3.2 shown there are five focus developments in District of Yan
international cooperation between Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle that has identified in Economic Corridors Northern Regions (NCER) such as
(IMT-GT) in the establishment of a strategic triangle in increased economy. The manufacturing, upgrading the drainage system of agriculture (MADA), tourism in
District of Yan located in the state of Kedah which is one of the states involved in Gunung Jerai, the development of the agricultural sector and development of the
this triangle cooperation in peninsular Malaysia. This international collaboration is petrochemical complex in District of Yan. NCER formulate the following
a core policy in advancing development in the District of Yan and improve development focus is to develop the area in District of Yan and increase the
economic in this study area. economic income. Concentration of this development will contribute to the
diversity of sectors of development in the District of Yan thus increase
employment opportunities. Figure 3.2 shows the location of District of Yan in the
II. Northern Corridor Economic Region context of the NCER and the main focus of development.

Northern Corridor Economic Region (NCER) includes four Northern States in

Peninsular Malaysia, which is located on the West Coast. These States are
III. Policy in Context of National
Perlis, Kedah, Pulau Pinang and Perak Utara. The Northern Corridor economic
region development programme initiative to accelerate the economic growth and a) National Physical Plan 2 (NPP-2)
increase the income level for the states involved.
National physical plan is a National Spatial Planning to determine the
The Northern Corridor is known as Jelapang Padi of Malaysia and has the direction of development to balance and moving towards Vision 2020.
potential to be at the forefront of the transformation of the agricultural sector in
Malaysia. The state of Kedah in NCER development corridors have been
Table 3.3: National physical plan policy
favourable to the development of the country in which the development will focus
National Physical Plan -2 ( 2010-2015)
on:
RFN 9 RFN 18

Rural areas and rural growth centres The center of the main settlement
Table 3.2: Development District of Yan in context of NCER and should be develop so that the centres and small to be maintained and

Location Development community can enjoy a higher income developed in accordance with the
and a better quality of life potential local economy
Source:National Physical Plan-2 (2010-2015)
Manufacturing center in Yan, Gurun, Sungai Petani and Kulim
Upgrade irrigation system Muda Agricultural Development Based on Table 3.3 above there are 2 of 41 policies contained in National
Yan, Kedah Authority (MADA) Physical Plan-2 (2010-2015) has identified the development towards the
Tourism highlands : GunungJerai
center of the settlement. This policy has favoured a balanced development in
Development of the agricultural sector
Petrochemical complex settlements centers by taking into account the needs and functions of the
current hierarchy. This policy will be a key policy in the development of
Source:http://hasrolhaffiz.blogspot.com/2008/06/wilayah-ekonomi-koridor-utara- settlement centers in District of Yan to organize and propose development
ncer.html :retrieved on 5 July 2014. needs by function and hierarchy of settlements in order to achieve a hierarchy

11
 of needs that have been proposed in the Local Plan District of Yan 1995 to
2020.
ii Subject Policies
IV. Policies in Context of Kedah
Subject policies are designed to strengthen the development of the subject in
Policy in the state of Kedah is to promote optimal use of physical space at the accordance with the direction of the sectoral development of the state.
state level based on the goals set out to build a sustainable development and
Table 3.5: Subject Policy State of Kedah
avoid conflicts of resource use. Kedah development policy objectives is:
Subject Policies
"TO CREATE A PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS THE STATE
DU6
DEVELOPED UPHOLDING VISION 2010 VISION 2020 AND COUNTRY"
Development strategy to strengthen centralization selected major
i Main Policy cities and development by focus on scatter centres major
settlement
Central City
Table 3.4: Main Policy State of Kedah DS7-1

Ensure that every urban and rural settlements are provided

DU4
withcommunity facilities and supporting elements according to a
predetermined settlement functions
Focus urban development Kedah until 2020 was in the main development focus. DS6-1
Commercia
DU 6
l Enhance trading activities in line with the hierarchy and functions of
the centre of the settlement
Strengthen selected centric development strategic major cities and development
Source: Structure Plan State of Kedah 2002-2020
concentrated in the clutter centres main settlement.
Based on Table 3.5 above there are two sectors that focusing on
DU 7
development settlement centers such as Central City and Commercial. From
Development of a controlled only allowed in sensitive environmental areas such as both sectors there are three policies that are identified can be used in
forests, highlands, coastal, riverfront, the area of the island, historical heritage developing the settlement centers in District of Yan. This policy will be a
zones, watersheds, dams and water bodies. priority in developing the Central City an Commercial in District of Yan to
assist in the development of each settlements centers and proposed
DU8
appropriate economic in settlements by taking into account the function and
Suitable agricultural land and potentially need to be maintained and developed as hierarchy of settlements.
an agricultural development area of productive and viable.
Source: Structure Plan State of Kedah 2002-2020

iii Specific Policy

Based on Table 3.4 above there are four main policy identified in the Structure Formation of specific policies are directed to the interests of the study area

Plan States of Kedah 2002-2020 has been identified that focus on direction of identified based on certain criteria. Specific areas identified shall have the
development and physical development in the state of Kedah. Based on the same importance in terms of economic, environmental and physical

following key policies can contribute in systematic planning in District of Yan. development. In addition, the formation of this policy is a policy in addition to
the policies of the State Structure Plan in place to support and strengthen

12
 current policies. Based on Specific policies, there is a policy that led to the
Reclamation will be conducted in the coastal area of development
development of the settlement.
zones in the future

Central city Growth centers will be developed in accordance with the functions set
DK 1

The role and function of settlements will be strengthened by the injection of

Facilities for commercial activities will be provided in accordance with the
appropriate development in areas that are less developed.
function of growth centers with a focus on Urban Yan
Business
Appropriate areas and are equipped with physical facilities and adequate
Policy above is a specific policy that identified to strengthening settlement
infrastructure will be provided to small businesses
centers by providing appropriate development in the less developed areas of Various housing facilities will be provided with adequate costs in line with
settlement. This policy will serve as a guide in developing the settlement the needs of the population
centers in District of Yan that are less developed in order to achieve the Long-term and comprehensive program for low-cost housing should be

hierarchy proposed in the Local Plan District of Yan 1995-2020. Housing provided to ensure adequate supply
State authorities will enforce housing quota of 30% for low-cost housing

Programs to improve the environment in rural areas will be implemented

iv District Policy Transmission infrastructure to rural areas will be enhanced
Rural Growth centers will be developed in accordance with the functions set
Table 3.6 Yan District Council shows the policies by sector in district of Yan.
Settlement
These policies of insurance issued by the sector developing district of Yan in Small rural industries be developed in centres rural growth
Development
achieving the vision:
Yan District Council will coordinate the planning and provision of
"IMPROVING HIS DISTRICT AS TOURISM RESORTS HILL, TOURISM Public community services to full fill various degree of local and regional
AND ECO AGRO AND COMMERCIAL DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL Facilities community needs
PRODUCTION AND SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE". Provision of community services will comply with planning standards set
Development of education and human development will be developed
An efficient transportation system, efficient and effective

Table 3.6: Policy Yan District Council Structure Plan 1995-2020 Includes a comprehensive road network and supported by the public
transportation system will be provided to meet the needs of the
Subject Policies
development of the District of Yan
Communication network will be built into the system to improve relations
Population Enhance social facilities to hold Population growth Transport and in the region
Land Use Traffic Existing roads will be repaired and upgraded the status of the road
Land use development district council will be according to major
improvement program, widening and upgrading
diagram District of Yan
Traffic Management Program which will be implemented in accordance
Yan Kechil, Yan Besar, Guar Chempedak land reclamation area will
available local plans to guide and promote the development of land use Public transport service system integrated, efficient and comfortable will
be implemented to maximize the mobility of the population

13
 1) District Development of Yan concentrated in Guar Chempedak where
Master plan irrigation and drainage systems will be provided to ensure
Infrastructure location is on the trail of the Federal Road and close to the Gurun
the provision of irrigation and drainage systems that thoroughly and
industrial area.
effectively in accordance with the level of development
Source: Yan District Council Local Plan 1995-2020 2) Other than Guar Chempedak, the development was focused on the

Based on Table 3.6 above there are 12 sectors that focus on development in Yan Besar and Yan Kechil which is also the Main Settlement Centers

the District of Yan such as Population, Land Use, Central City, Business, in the districts of Yan.

Housing, Rural Settlement Development, Public Facilities, Transport and

3) The settlement area consists of traditional village centred at the
Traffic and Infrastructure. Of the 11 sectors, there are 41 policies identified as
intersection and along the main streets and the mouth of the river.
key policies in planning the development of the District of Yan. The following
policies policies are still in the process of implementation by the Council 4) A total of 19 planned residential area in the District of Yan in Mukim
District of Yan in to achieve their vision. Each of these policies is the basis in Sala Besar especially Guar Chempedak and Mukim Yan.
formulated early proposal to develop settlement centers in the District of Yan
5) The existing industrial areas in the District of Yan are operation
by following hierarchy and functions.
scattered and most of the industrial is rice mill.

There are five current development patterns in the District of Yan development
3.3.2 Development Trend of Settlement Centres are more focused in the area to develop such as Guar Chempedak, Yan and Yan
Kechil. The three towns is the main settlement in the District of Yan. In addition,
Trends in the development of the key aspects that need to be specified to identify
many settlements consist of traditional village located along the roads and mouth
the land use development in the area. The scope that should be emphasized in
of river. In addition, 19 organized planning for residential areas developed
this development trend is such as commercial, residential, accessibility, industrial
especially in Yan and Guar Chempedak are situate in the mukim of Sala Besar.
and other land use support. In this analysis, development trend is identified
based on the pattern of development, hierarchy of the settlements as well as the
potential area that could be developed to strengthen development in the District
of Yan. iii. Development Strategies of District of Yan

i. Vision Development
Table 3.7: Development Strategies of District of Yan

IMPROVING DISTRICT OF YAN AS A DISTRICT AGRICULTURE, Sectors Strategies

TOURISM ECOLOGY AND AGRICULTURE INTELLECTUAL CENTRE
AND PORT SUPPORT CENTRE NORTHERN REGION As a commercial centre in District of Yan that offer goods
1. Commercial
and services to the entire population.

Strengthening the functions of Yan as an administrative city

2. Administration
ii. Current Development Trend centre, tourism and intellectual town.

The patterns of development that occur in the area of Yan accordance to The restructuring of the local economy with an emphasis on
3. Economy
Local Plan of Kedah (2006) are: tourism, agriculture and trade.

14
 Encourage the placement of higher education institutions to
4. Education the region to make the City Yan as a knowledge centre as
well as a catalyst for development and economy.

Network planning new roads and repair and upgrade roads

5. Access
to facilitate communication with the outside.
Source: Yan District Council Local Plan 2002-2020

The development strategy (Refer Figure 3.7) proposed for the

development of the District of Yan is to improve function in terms of
economic sectors, business, administration, education and accessibility.
The proposed town of business is Guar Chempedak because Guar
Chempedak is a town that are developing and offering a variety of goods
and services to the entire population in the districts of Yan. In addition,
Yan is proposed for town of tourism, administration and education.
Administrative buildings as well as educational institutions more focused
in this area. In addition, a strategy for roads is to upgrade existing roads
and plan new roads for the convenience of communication with the
outside.

15
Figure 3.1: Development Strategies District of Yan

16
i. Hierarchy Hierarchy in the context of the country in (Refer Table 3.8) is
divided into 7 levels of which have been classified according to
a) In The Context of Country
their functions and significance of its own. The table below shows
the hierarchy in Peninsular Malaysia.

17
 Table 3.9: Kedah Settlement Development Strategy in 2020
Table 3.8: Hierarchy in Peninsular Malaysia Total

Population Districts Strategy Settlements Function Populatio

Function
Stage Main Function Example Characteristic n
Stage (,000)
Alor Setar - Kuala
i. Capital Nation Kuala Lumpur Metro polis >1,000 Major
Kedah - Anak Bukit State Regional
Johor Bahru Kota Setar Development 395,922
Nation Region Pokok Sena - Kota Centre
ii. Nation Kuantan Metro polis >300 Focus Area
Centre Sarang Semut
Penang
Ipoh Sungai Petani Sungai
Alor Star Major Lalang Bedong
State Regional Kuala Sub-regional
iii. State Seremban Metro polis 100-300 Development Semeling Merbok 454,485
Centre Muda centre
(Capital City Focus Area Tikam Batu Gurun
except Kangar) Bukit Selembau
Taiping Kulim Lunas Sg.
Sub Region 30-100 Sub-regional
iv. State Batu Pahat Main Town Seluang Padang 242,959
State Major Centre
Teluk Intan Serai
Kulim Development
Sitiawan Sungai Kulim
Main Settlement Focus Area Main Settlement
v. Local Pasir Mas Main Town 10-30 Karangan Padang 20,011
Centre Centre
Banting Serai
Small Settlement Town / Small Sub-regional
vi. Local Paloh <10 Major Jitra Kepala Batas 103,146
Centre town Centre
Development
Rural Settlement Main Settlement
vii. Local Tg. Belanja Rural Centre 2.5-5 Focus Area Sintok - Changlun 40,374
Centre Kubang Centre
Source: National Municipal Policy, 2006
Pasu Main Settlement
Bukit Kayu Hitam 10,000
Settlement Centre
A hierarchy of Peninsular Malaysia has 7 levels ranging from the Capital, Nation Region Centre, State
Development Main Settlement
Regional Centre, Sub Region State, Main Settlement Centre, Small Settlement Centre and Rural Kuala Sanglang 10,000
Centre
Settlement Centre. A classified hierarchy is based on the total of residents of an area. The study area
Major
which is District of Yan is in the hierarchy of the fifth in the Hierarchy of Peninsular Malaysia which is Sub-regional
Development Baling Kupang 40,000
Centre
Main Settlement Centre that classified as Main Town that have to reach a population of 10,000-30,000 Focus Area
Baling
people. Settlement Main Settlement
Kuala Ketil 10,000
Development Centre
b) In Context of State of Kedah
Sub-regional
Kuah 42,257
Settlement Centre
Hierarchy in the context of the State of Kedah (See Table 3.9)are
Development Sub-regional
sorted is in accordance with the interests and strengthen the Langkawi Padang Matsirat 24,210
Centre
settlement centres to be established settlement function. The
Settlement Sub-regional
development of a settlement based on the development of a city will Padang Lalang 13,064
Development Centre
provide service to the surrounding area.
Pendang Major Pendang Tanah Sub-regional 30,048
Development Merah Kobah Centre

18
 In the Yan District (Refer Table 3.10), there are three (3) levels of
Focus Area settlement Center which is Main Settlement Centre, Small Settlements
Center and Rural Settlement Center.
Settlement Main Settlement
Bukit Junun 10,006
Development Centre

Main Settlement
Yan Besar 10,016 Table 3.10: Hierarchy in District of Yan
Centre
Settlement Population
Major Hierarchy Development Component
Main Settlement Centers Range
Yan Development Yan Kecil 10,020
Centre i General Administration : District
Focus Area
council, district office, technical
Main Settlement
Guar Chempedak 15,086 department district, cooperative
Centre Yan Besar societies
Main Settlement ii Business : Supplies wholesaler,
Sik 10,000 supermarket, daily market, site scale
Settlement Centre
Sik market, general purpose store,
Development Main Settlement
Bandar Baru Beris 10,000 commercial bank, cooperative loan,
Centre
pawnshops, agent trust, hardware
Main
Main Settlement 10,000 stores, workshop, small and medium
Kuala Nerang 10,000 Settlement Yan Kechil
Centre 30,000 industrial zone, and agricultural process
Padang Settlement Centre
iii Telecommunications and connection
Terap Development Main Settlement
Kota Putra 10,000 : Bus station to city and rural areas, taxi
Centre stand in rural and urban areas, post
Main Settlement office and delivery agency, computer
Serdang 10,000
Centre shop and cyber caf
Bandar Settlement Guar iv Social Services : Primary school, high
Baharu Development Main Settlement Chempedak school, public library, small health
Bandar Baharu 10,000
Centre center, private clinic / pharmacy, public
Source: Draft Structure Plan State of Kedah 2001 - 2020 hall, restaurant / coffee shop

Table hierarchy in the context of the State of Kedah above shows the
Kota Setar is the highest level in a hierarchy of the State of Kedah as Settlement Population
Hierarchy Development Component
Centers Range
a State Regional Center with the population is amounted to 395, 922
Small Sungai 5,001
persons. District of Yan are on the eighth stage after the District of
i) General administration- technical
Settlement Limau -10,000
Kota Setar, Kuala Muda, Kubang Pasu, Kulim, Baling, Langkawi and department district, cooperative societies,
Center Dalam
Pendang. The District of Yan as the Main Settlement Centre. The head village office
other districts which have the same level with District of Yan are
district of Sik, Padang Terap and Bandar Baharu.

c) In Context of District of Yan

19
 Permatang
Simpang i) Administration- pejabat penghulu
Buluh
Tiga Sungai
ii) Business,services and industrial -
Limau ii)Business,services and industrial
supplies wholesaler, mini market, daily
Bukit Besar mini market,daily market, site scale
market, site scale, saving bank,
Rural market, grocery
cooperative loan, pawnshops, agent 2,500-
Settlement Sungai
trust, hardware stores, workshop, small 5,000
Batu 17 Center Daun iii) Connection bus stand from village
and medium industrial zone and,
settlement center to small settlement
agricultural process
center

Sedaka
iv) Social Services primary school,
Simpang iii)Connection and rural clinic, community hall
Tiga Sungai telecommunication bus stand from Source: Draft Structure Plan State of Kedah 2001 - 2020
Daun small settlement center to main
settlement center, post offices,
telecommunication shop.
Hierarchy in the District of Yanhas three levels comprising the Main
Settlement Center, Small Settlement Center and Rural Settlements
Center. There are four main components that need to be in the settlement
iv) Social Services primary school,
Singkir center of Guar Chempedak, Yan Besar and Yan Kechil to achieve a level
high school, public library, small health
center, private clinic /pharmacy, public as the Main Settlement Center which is of the district administrative
hall, restaurant / coffee shop center, business center, telecommunications and connection and social
services. The functions for Main Settlement Center is more larger than
Small Settlement Center and Rural settlement Center because the this
settlement center is an area of focus and need to have a population of
10,000 to 30,000 for achieve a level of the hierarchy. Meanwhile, for the
Small Settlement Center, the function of the development there should be
approximately the center of the main settlement but have differences in
terms of population range which is only 5,000-10,000. Next, just basic
requirements needed to complement the functions of the Rural Settlement
Settlement Population Center with the range of a population of 2,500-5,000.
Hierarchy Development Component
Centers Range

Figure3.2: Hierarchy of Settlement Centres in District of Yan

III.3.3 Social (Demography and Housing)

20
1) Demographic growth in study area is the major movement of the area, particularly in
terms of economic, social and environmental.
Future population growth should be accompanied by the plan to increase
employment opportunities, housing, communications, public utilities, i Analysis of Malaysia Population
recreational facilities and enough land for development. Thus, population
Based on statistics schedule, showing Kedah State population rate in year
2010 is 1,947,651 people totalled 19.33 % from 1,571,077 people in 10-

21
 year period. Population of people to Kedah State only contributes 6.89 %
from the total. Based on the table also showed Kedah State in 6 th from 16
Table3.14: Population Projection State of Kedah by District 2000-2010
State. These shows that Kedah is one of state improve the growth
population. Total Population KPT ( % )
2000 2010 2020
District 2000 -
Table 3.13: Statistic of State Population in Malaysia No. % No. % No. %
2020
Kota Setar 372,292 22.6 442,635 22.45 537,403 22.73 1.85
Population growth
STATE 1991 % 2000 % 2010 % rate average Kuala Muda 358,663 21.7 421,530 21.38 497,159 21.03 1.65
(1991-2010) %
Kulim 201,636 12.2 237,269 12.04 280,067 11.85 1.66
Kubang Pasu 194,440 11.8 232,515 11.79 282,122 11.93 1.88
Selangor 2,297,159 13.08 3,952,817 17.81 5,462,141 19.31 4.66
Johor 2,069,740 11.78 2,584,997 11.65 3,348,283 11.84 2.14 Baling 130,352 7.9 155,561 7.89 183,167 7.75 1.72
Pendang 93,945 5.7 113,044 5.73 136,482 5.77 1.88
Perak 1,877,471 10.69 1,973,368 8.89 2,352,743 0.82 1.20
Langkawi 73,091 4.4 99,411 5.04 124,258 5.26 2.69
Sabah 1,734,685 9.88 2,468,246 11.12 3,206,742 11.34 3.28
Yan 64,936 3.9 77,632 3.94 93,120 3.94 1.82
Sarawak 1,642,771 9.35 2,009,893 9.05 2,471,140 8.74 2.17
Sik 62,225 3.8 74,254 3.77 88,933 3.76 1.80
Kedah 1,302,241 7.41 1,571,077 7.08 1,947,651 6.89 2.14
Padang Terap
Kelantan 1,181,315 6.73 1,287,367 5.80 1,539,601 5.44 1.40 58,399 3.5 69,821 3.54 83,740 3.54 1.82
W.P.Kuala
1,145,341 6.52 1,305,792 5.88 1,627,621 5.75 1.86 Bandar Baharu
Lumpur 39,777 2.4 47,628 2.42 57,458 2.43 1.86
Pulau Kedah 1,649756 100 1,971,300 100 2,363,909 100 1.81
1,064,166 6.06 1,231,209 5.55 1,561,283 5.52 2.04
Pinang Source: Structure Plan State of Kedah 2000-2020
Pahang 1,045,003 5.95 1,229,104 5.54 1,500,817 5.31 1.92
Terengganu 766,244 4.36 880,234 3.97 1,035,977 3.66 1.60 Table 3.15: Population Census in Kedah in 2010
Negeri
692,897 3.95 829,774 0.37 1,021,064 3.61 2.06 Total Population
District
Sembilan No. %
Melaka 506,321 2.88 605,239 2.73 821,110 2.90 2.58 Kota Setar 350,730 19.6
Kuala Muda 423,736 23.7
Kulim 265,902 14.9
KubangPasu 209,463 11.7
Baling 130,061 7.3
Pendang 83,607 4.7
Langkawi 92,669 5.2
Perlis 183,824 1.05 198,288 0.89 231,541 0.82 1.22 Yan 65,950 3.6
W.P.Labuan 54,241 0.31 70,871 0.32 86,908 0.31 2.51 Sik 64,795 3.6
Padang terap 60,413 3.4
W.P.Putra
5,730 0.03 11,501 0.05 72,413 0.26 14.27 Bandar Baharu 40,677 2.3
Jaya
Kedah 1,788,003 100
Total 17,563,420 100.0 22,198,276 100.0 28.287,035 100.0 2.54 Source: Department of Statistics, Malaysia, 2010
Source: Statistic population of Malaysia by District (2000-2010)

Based on the current population census, most of the county, in the state does not reach
ii) Analysis to Kedah State Population
projections made for every 10 years. Based on population projections in 2010, the total
Based on Kedah State population projections Schedule year 2000-2020, show population of the district is 77.632 people Yan based census was made about 65.950
Daerah Yan in position 8th than 11 in Kedah. Apart from that people in District of people. It shows the state of Kedah is one state that does not reach its projections made.
Yan still in level that is medium namely 93,120 people that in projects to Based on the 2010 population census, the district is present inside the 8th of the 11
year 2020.Overall, increase of population in this study area increase possibility is districts. Demographics sector will be explained about demographics and in the study
because birth rate factor that is high and rate of migration enter that increase each year. area.

22
 2) Housing

Census 2010 revealed that the total living quarters of Malaysia was 7.35
million compared with 5.57 million in 2000. From this total, housing units
constituted 99.8 per cent and the remaining 0.2 per cent for collective living
quarters.

The average annual growth rate of housing units at Malaysia level for the
period of 2000-2010 was 3.2 per cent. The rate was lower compared to 4.1
per cent during 1991-2000. Overall, most of the states showed a decreasing
trend except for Kedah, Kelantan, Perak and Perlis.

Census 2010 also showed that the total number of housing units in Malaysia
had increased to 7.34 million compared with 5.55 million in 2000.

Figure 3.3: Average annual growth rate of housing units by state, Malaysia, 1991-2000 and 2000-2010

i. Housing Rate of Kedah

Housing Stocks for Kedah state increase with population growth time. In addition,
housing is also a basic need for all residents to obtain shelter. Housing in Kedah
increased from a total of 234.253 units in 1980 to 320.644 units (1991) and thus 395.235
in 2000 with the growth rate is 2.4% per annum. A total of 160,982 housing units of
various types have been built in the last 20 years to accommodate population growth in
state of Kedah.

Table 3.16: The table below are the number of residence in the District, the State of Kedah from 1980 to Baling 24,255 27,887 29,630 1.2 0.7 1.0
2000. Pendang 16,708 19,463 21,221 1.4 1.0 1.2
Langkawi 6,692 10,204 19,748 3.9 7.6 5.6
Average Annual Growth Rate Yan 12,822 13,430 14,462 0.4 0.8 0.6
District Residence Number
(AAGR )% Sik 10,621 12,956 14,252 1.8 1.1 1.5
1980 1991 2000 1980-1991 1991-2000 1980-2000 Padang
Kota Setar 19,019 12,175 13,591 2.8 1.2 2.1
59,707 77,929 89,275 2.5 1.5 2.0 Terap
Kuala Muda 39,051 67,173 88,439 5.1 3.1 4.2 Bandar
Kulim 19,155 33,345 52,311 5.2 5.1 5.2 6,554 7,561 9,092 1.3 2.1 1.7
Baharu
KubangPas
29,469 38,521 43,214 2.5 1.3 1.9 Kedah 234,253 320,644 395,235 2.9 2.4 2.4
u
Source: Population Census Report and Housing 1980, 1991, 2000, Department of Statistic Malaysia.

23
 ^: Policies and Strategies of slum eradication Malaysia, Ministry of Housing and
Local Government 2001
In 2000, the preparation of housing in the District of Yan still at low levels compared with the
provision of housing in the District of Langkawi and Pendang. In addition, the increase in the
number of residence for District of Yan only increased by 7.14% compared with other districts.
For example, the county equivalent is Sik, an increase of 9.1% in 2000. District Growth Yan Based on table above, most of the type housing in District of Yan is the home village of
11,010 units which is equivalent to 76.1% of the existing housing in the area Yan. This is
record number of homes 8th out of 11 districts in the state.
due to majority ownership of land in the District of Yan is a privately owned 19,014.00
acres (78.64%), while the remaining 5,163.78 hectares (21:36%) is state-owned. This
will be an obstacle to development in the area.
ii. Type of Housing

The type of housing available in the state of Kedah can be divided into three main
categories: planned housing schemes, village housing and slum. Planned housing is of 3.3.4 Transport and Communication
183.498 units (46.3%) of the total housing units, followed by the state of 208.632 housing
i. Road Network at State Of Kedah
units and 3,105 units slum.

There are a number of road network based on the Structure Plan State of Kedah (RSN)
in the state of Kedah which is divided into three main categories: highways, federal
Table 3.17: Distribution of Housing type by category and District 2000 roads and state roads:
Housing Scheme Planned
High & Medium Village House Squatters Total(*1) a) Highways
District Low Cost
Cost
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % There are three main highways connecting Kedah with other states of north-south
Kota
28,779 32.2 17,704 19.8 41,851 46.9 917^ 1.1 89,275 22.6 highway, Butterworth - Kulim highway and highway Kuala Perlis - Changlun Sintok.
Setar
Kuala North-south highway linking the southern state of Kedah in Peninsular Malaysia.
38,927 44.0 28,422 32.2 19,962 22.6 251^ 1.3 88.439 22.4
Muda Butterworth- highway connecting the district of Kulim - baling and Penang .Kuala
Kulim 22,096 42.2 16,734 32.0 12,897 24.7 919^ 1.1 52,311 13.2
Perlis highway - Changlun - Sintok is a link between Perlis and Kedah in the north.
Kubang
7,773 18.0 4,377 10.1 30,703 71.1 361^ 0.8 43,214 10.9
Pasu
Baling 2,404 8.1 1,996 6.7 25,230 85.2 - - 29,630 7.5 b) Federal Road
Pendang 426 2.0 1,319 6.2 19,476 91.8 23^ - 21,221 5.4
Langkawi 5,762 29.2 631 3.2 13,264 67.2 505^ 0.4 19,748 5.0 Federal road is the main road connecting Kedah with other states .There are three
Yan 2,923 20.2 529 3.7 11,010 76.1 26^ - 14,462 3.7 federal roads is:
Sik 152 1.1 91 0.6 14,009 98.3 17^ - 14,252 3.6
Padang 1. Federal way 7 the connect between Kedah with Perlis
381 2.8 713 5.3 12,497 91.9 - - 13,591 3.4 2. Federal way 1 the connect between Kedah with Pulau Pinang.
Terap 3. Federal way 67 and 136 the connect between Kedah with state of Perak on the
Bandar
362 4.00 997 11.0 7733 85.1 - - 9,092 2.3 east and south
Baharu
Total 109,985 27.8 73,513 18.6 208,632 52.8 3,105 0.8 395,235 100
c) State Road
Source: *1: Population Census Report and Housing 1980, 1991, 2000, Department of Statistic
Malaysia. K7 state road link between Selama (Dearah Bandar Baharu) with Perak state through
the State road A7 south.In the west, the main streets of the K17 connect between
*2: Housing Stock Report 2000, Department of Valuation and Property Services
*: Structure Plan by District

24
 Kulim with Seberang Perai. In the northern state K3 road link between Jitra with Arau
through the street of the R3 and K6 state road linking between Kedah and Perlis.

ii. Road Network at District of Yan

Yan is the district that locate in middle between development area Alor Setar and Sungai
Petani the existing Road Network have an interaction of regional that give fair to all
district including district of Yan. This because when people from both site want to go Alor
Setar or Sungai Petani, they have to go through Yan and Yan will functional as break
place to driver who driving through the road. Type of road that exists at Yan mostly is
Jalan Negeri and Jalan Negeri functional to connect between regional.

Location district of Yan give an opportunities in context of transportation because the

location between district of Kota Setar and Sungai Petani. Road network is mainly factor
why people go through district of Yan. From that we know that Yan is important because
its location between two major cities in Kedah.

Table 3.11 : Distance To Nearest City

Nearest Main city (Distance)

Settlement Centre
Alor Setar Sungai Petani Gurun Kulim Penang

Permatang Buluh 23.1 km 56.0 km 26.7 km 106 km 109 km

Bukit Besar 20.3 km 51.0 km 20.8 km 101 km 104 km

Sungai Limau Dalam 24.4 km 45.2 km 23 km 95.7 km 97.8 km

Simpang 3 Sungai Daun 24.8 km 42.5 km 20.2 km 93.0 km 94.5 km

Simpang 3 Sungai Limau 28.8 km 38.5 km 16.2 km 89.0 km 90.5 km

Batu 17 31.9 km 35.4 km 13.2 km 86.0 km 88.9 km

Guar Chempedak 32.2 km 30.4 km 8.2 km 79.8 km 82. 4 km

Yan Kechil 37 km 39.5 km 17.2 km 89.9 km 99.4 km

Yan Besar 40.7 km 31.9 km 20.9 km 93.7 km 94.8 km

Singkir 48.7 km 24.7 km 28.9 km 75.7 km 77.2 km

Sedaka 32.4 km 41.0 km 18.7 km 91.4 km 92.8 km

Sungai Limau 26.7 km 64.3 km 10.0 km

25
Figure 3.4 : Road Network of Kedah

Bukit
Kayuhitam

Changlun Sintok

K6

K3

Bandar AlorSetar

K17

136 67

136

K7
 iii. Settlement Hierarchy District of Yan
Hierarchal distance
Rural Settlement Centre (PPD) Distance(KM)- Christaller (1993) settlement centres by
According to Christaller (1993) hierarchical settlement centres also use other criteria Christaller
such as distance and area of influence population to explain the hierarchy settlement
Kg. Permatang Buloh Bukit
centre in their theory. 7.0km 12km
Besar

Kg. Bukit Besar- Sedaka 13.9km 12km

Sendaka Permatang Buloh 10.7km 12km

iv. Settlement Hierarchy District of Yan

Hierarchal distance
Settlement centres by Based on the table above the rural settlement centre they have one distance to follow by
Main Settlement Centre (PTU) Distance(KM)-Christaller (1993)
Christaller
hierarchal distance settlement centre by Christaller. This is Kg. Bukit Besar to Sedaka that
Yan Besar Yan kecil distance is 13.9km.
3.7km 36km

36 km Table3.12: Distance between Settlement Centre (km)

Guar Chempedak Yan kecil 9.5km

Based on the table above the main settlement centre they have no distance to follow hierarchal
distance settlement centres by Christaller.

Hierarchal distance
settlement centres by
Small Settlement Centre (PTK) Distance(KM)-Christaller (1993)
Christaller
21km
Sungai Limau Dalam- Batu 17 11.5km

Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau- 21km

2.5km
Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun

Simpang Tiga Sungai- Sungai 21km

11.9km
LimauDalam

Sungai Limau Dalam- Simpang 21km

3.4km
Tiga Sungai Daun
21km
Simpang Limau Dalam- Singkir 21.9km
21km
Singkir- Batu 17 21.7km
Based on the

Table above the small settlement centre shows they have 2 distance to follow hierarchal distance
settlement centres by Christaller this is Simpang Limau Dalam to Singkir that distance is 21.9km and
Singkir to Batu 17 the distance is 21.7km.
 Simpan
Sungai Simpang Guar
Settlement Permata Bukit g3 Batu Yan Yan Sedak Sungai
Limau 3 Sungai Chemped Singkir
Center ng Buloh Besar
Dalam Daun
Sungai 17
ak
Kechil Besar a Daun
Limau

Permatang 19.0 28.3 10.7

- 7.0 km 6.7 km 9.7 km 11.1 km 9.1 km 18.9 km 15.3 km 5.6 km
km km km
Buluh

Bukit 22. 2 31.6 13.9k

7.0 km - 9.9 km 3.4 km 5.2 km 2.9 km 13.0 km 18.5 km 8.7 km
km km m
Besar

Sungai
12.5 21.9
6.7 km 9.9 km - 6.5 km 3.4 km 2.5 km 15.2 km 8.8 km 4.2 km 5.4 km
Limau km km

Dalam

Simpang 3
18.9 28.2 10.5
9.7 km 3.4 km 6.5 km - 2.5 km 8.8 km 10.3 km 15.2 km 1.3 km
Sungai km km km

Daun

Simpang 3
5.2 km 11.5k 19.6 28.9 10.4k
11.1 km 3.4 km 2.5 km - 7.8 km 15.9 km 1.3 km
Sungai m km km m

Limau
12.3 21.7
9.1 km 2.9 km 2.5 km 8.8 km 11.5 km - 15.0 km 8.6 km 4.0 km 7.6 km
Batu 17 km km

Guar
130 15 13.2 22.5
18.9 km 15.2 km 10.3 km 7.8 km - 9.5 km 11.0km 8.9 km
Chempeda km 0km km km

k
18.5k 8.6 3.7 13. 6 14.5k
15.3 km 8.8 km 15. 2 km 15.9 km 9.5 km - 5.7km
Yan Kechil m km km km m

22.2k 17.3 17.9k

19.0 km 12.5km 18.9 km 19.6 km 12km 13.2 km 3.7 km - 9.4km
Yan Besar m km m

31.6k 27.7k
28.3 km 21.9km 28.2 km 28.9 km 21km 22.5 km 13.6km 17km - 7.9km
Singkir m m

13.9k 4.0 9.4

10.7 km 4.2 km 10.5 km 10.4 km 11.0 km 5.7 km 7.9 km - 9.1 km
Sedaka m km km

Sungai 8.7 7.6 27.7

5.6 km 5.4 km 1.3 km 1.3 km 8.9 km 14.5km 17km 9.1km -
km km km
Daun
DAUN

PUSAT PENEMPATAN UTAMA

 v. Transportation in State of Kedah Gross domestic product can be measured using three approaches of production, the

Based on Structure Plan State of Kedah (RSN), they are divide two categories are public expenditure approach and the income approach. However, in the states of Kedah,

transport and cargo service: restructuring the state's GDP is only using the method or approach to production
only. Essentially, the GDP is a measure of the output of all production units of a

i. Public Transport country in a given period, before deducting allowances for the consumption of fixed
capital.
a) Public Bus Transportation
There are 7 companies with 405 buses operating public bus Services operate
between the hours at 5:45am to 11:30pm. According to the state statistics KDNK 2005 - 2012 issued by the Department
of Statistics Malaysia, the agricultural economy is a contributor to domestic crude
b) Transportation Taxi And Car Rental
Total of 155 taxis and rental cars readily available in the state of Kedah. Taxi services output the second largest after services sector.

generally provide service between the cities and the state only provides long distance GDP at constant prices is the GDP without the price effect on the price level selected

service covers towns in Peninsular Malaysia. based on reference or as a method of measuring output, GDP measures the total
value of production of goods and services by residents of a country in a given period
c) Ferry Transport Service
Ferry services are available for travel from Kuala Kedah to Kuah at Pulau Langkawi before deducting allowances for the consumption of fixed capital.

able to accommodate a total of 10,700 passengers.

a) Agriculture
d) Air Transport (Aircraft)
Sultan Abdul Halim Shah (LTSAH), at Alor Setar and Langkawi International Airport Overall, the contribution of this activity is the lowest in the state of Perlis and
provides transportation services to passenger and cargo. In September 2003, there Kedah, Penang and Perak is the main contributor seen it rise slowly each year for
is another additional air services between Alor Setar to Medan, Indonesia. the agriculture in NCER. In 2010, Kedah donate RM 2,734 million or 28% and
ii. Cargo services increased 0.5% in 2011 to RM 2,962 million (28.5%). In 2012, GDP grew by
Kedah RM 3,013 million against Perlis at RM 843 million in 2012.
Cargo services, particularly cement at port Teluk Ewa throughput is increased from
year to year. Port is recorded total exports and imports of high which is in keeping
3,167 tons per year (2000) than in million tonnes per year (1999).

Langkawi International Airport received a total cargo more than ever. Sultan Abdul
Halim Shah (LTSAH), Alor Setar. In 2000, the Langkawi International Airport handled
a total of 403.169 tons from 94.985 tons of cargo handled at LATSAH, Alor Setar.
Table 3.18: GDP Agriculture Economic Activities for the Year 2007 - 2012

YEAR
STATE 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
RM (Million)
3.3.5 Scenario Economic Development
KEDAH 2,682 2,748 2,754 2,734 2,962 3,013
Kedah state's economic growth trend refers to gross domestic product (GDP) by PERLIS 932 936 856 890 828 843
state in northern corridor economic region (NCER) and economic activity for the year
PENANG 721 750 760 889 945 990
2005-2010 at constant prices of 2005.

PERAK 5,004 5,068 5,196 5,241 5,626 5,747

 TOTAL 9,339 9,502 9,566 9,754 10,361 10,593 Based on the graph, the GDP of the State of Kedah rise slowly but could not compete in the
Silver State agricultural economic activities while Penang and Perlis which has an area of
the state and the percentage of agricultural land use is almost the same.
7,000
b) Mining and Quarrying

6,000
The mining industry is the extraction, purification and utilization of natural minerals, such

5,000 as solid and liquid tin. It is shaped like crude oil and gas, such as natural gas. Mining
including underground mines and surface mines, quarries and wells as well as activities
such as additional cleaning of crushing, screening, washing, cleaning, grading, milling,
4,000 KEDAH
RM (Million)

flotation, smelting and other preparations needed for the preparation of these materials
PERLIS
PENANG in order to be marketed. Mining activities are classified into groups based on the principal
3,000 PERAK mineral produced.

2,000 Economic mining and quarrying sector was the lowest contribution to GDP Kedah.
Between regions NCER, mining GDP Kedah is in third place. Table 3.19shows the
information related to the mining and quarrying sector between the states in the northern
1,000
region.

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Table 3.19: GDP Mining & Quarrying Between the States NCER for the Year 2007 2012

YEAR
STATE 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
RM (Million)
KEDAH 18 18 19 19 19 23

PERLIS 7 8 6 6 7 8

PENANG 19 19 19 19 20 23

PERAK 105 103 102 112 116 138

Figure 3.5: GDP Growth Trend Comparison between the States of Kedah and Other NCER for Agricultural TOTAL 149 148 146 156 162 192
Economic Activity Year 2007 to 2012

Based on the above diagram, Kedah is the third lowest in mining and quarrying and the
Perak increased each year and is the highest growth among states spearheaded while
State of Perak dominated in the circle NCER states.
the study of the state of Kedah is the second state to trend GDP growth of economic
activity in agriculture.
 160 YEAR
STATE 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
140 RM (Million)
KEDAH 521 571 538 541 545 609

120 PERLIS 100 101 92 109 105 97

100 PENANG 924 1,005 982 1,022 1,074 1,310

RM (Million)

80 KEDAH PERAK 555 583 643 717 721 1,090

PERLIS TOTAL 2,100 2,260 2,255 2,389 2,445 3,106
60 PENANG
PERAK
40 1400

20 1200

0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 1000

Figure3.6: GDP Growth Trend Comparison between the states in the Region NCER to Mining Activities
800

RM (Million)
Year 2007 2012
KEDAH
If you look at the difference in growth pattern, mining Kedah and Penang are almost the 600 PERLIS
PENANG
same distance. Kedah was also able to equal or rival Penang in the years to come if it
PERAK
can attract investors in and outside the country to boost economic activity in the mining 400
and quarrying.

200
c) Manufacturing

Manufacturing was defined as the physical or chemical transformation of materials or 0

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
components into new products, whether it is carried out by hand, or in the factory and
whether the products are sold at wholesale or retail.Manufacturing industry's contribution
to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2012 was RM 609 million for the study of the state
of Kedah.

Table 3.20: GDP Manufacturing Sector between the States NCER for the Year 2007 2012
 30000

25000

20000
KEDAH

RM (Million)
15000 PERLIS
PULAU PINANG
PERAK
Figure3.7: GDP Growth Trend Comparison between the States in the Region NCER for Manufacturing 10000
Activities Year 2007 2012
5000

d) Construction 0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Construction is defined as new construction, alteration, repair and demolition.

Installations of any machinery or equipment installed during the original construction are
taken into account. As well as installation of machinery or equipment after construction
but requires structural changes in order to install. Table 3.8 shows the contribution of the
state of Kedah to the NCER GDP from 2007 to 2012.

Table 3.21 : GDP Construction Sector between the States NCER

YEAR
STATE 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
RM (Million)
KEDAH 7,718 6,957 6,416 6,638 7,352 7,852

PERLIS 324 349 290 302 341 352

PENANG 25,374 26,348 21,239 24,264 24,567 25,411 Figure3.8: GDP Growth Trend Comparison between the States NCER for Economic Activities
Construction Year 2007 2012
PERAK 6,348 6,605 5,800 6,549 7,268 7,658

TOTAL 39,764 40,259 33,745 37,753 39,528 41,273 Construction sector experienced a decline in 2009 in all the states involved. In 2010 and
2012, the sector recovered to register positive growth. Based on Figure 3.8, the GDP for
all four states in the slow start. Penang recorded an increase in 2012 of RM 24.567
million to RM 25,411 million, which is 0.6%. For the study area in Kedah, the pattern of
growth similar to Perak against Perlis recorded flat growth. For the construction sector, it
is the second largest GDP in the state of Kedah. Meanwhile, in the northern region
between the groups he was in a similar position with the State of Perak. It finds and
 supports that trend growth in construction activity in the state of moving slower than 30,000
Penang.

e) Services 25,000

According to resources of the Department of Statistics Malaysia, this sector is the largest
contributor in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Kedah and ranked third among the 20,000
states of the NCER. Services include utility services, transport, storage and
KEDAH

RM (Million)
communication, wholesale and retail trade, accommodation and restaurants, finance and
15,000 PERLIS
insurance, real estate and business services, government and other services. PENANG
PERAK
In table 3.22 shows the GDP of the services sector for the states in the Northern Corridor
10,000
Economic Region from 2007 until 2012.

5,000
Table3.22: KDNK GDP Sector between the States NCER for the Year 2007 2012

YEAR
0
STATE 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
RM (Million)
KEDAH 9,968 10,774 11,219 11,936 12,856 13,649 Figure3.9: Trend GDP Growth between the States NCER for Economic Activity Year Service 2007
PERLIS 1,700 1,789 1,841 1,937 2,051 2,166 2012

PULAU PINANG 18,925 20,267 20,242 21,688 23,083 24,388

Service sector for each state in the Northern Corridor Economic Region (NCER)

PERAK 19,017 20,679 20,942 21,941 23,236 24,976

increasing consistency. Perak dominate the northern region with an average value of
GDP of RM 24,976 million while the study area ranked third with an average value of
TOTAL 49,610 53,509 54,244 57,502 61,226 65,179
GDP of RM 13,649 million.
 Table 3.23: Comparison of Total Value of Malaysias GDP by State for the Year 2012 at Constant According to the analysis that analysed, the location District of Yan is strategic because located
2000 Prices in RM (Million). in state of Kedah which is included in the international cooperation among three regions
between Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand in the growth triangle. This collaboration aims to improve
Types of Economic Activities
Plus: the economy among this three region and encouraging development of various sectors. The
Mining & GDP at
States Agriculture Manufacturing Construction Services Import establishment of this collaboration will be advantageous to District of Yan in creating various
Quarrying Purchasers
Duties
development sectors because District of Yan still focuses in agriculture. In this cooperation,
RM (Million)
Johor 8,449 80 2,380 23,336 33,750 796 68,791 there are two policies identified which emphasizes the development of this triangular
Kedah 3,013 23 609 7,852 13,649 160 25,306
cooperation. This policy will be the core in expanding economic development sectors in District
Kelantan 3,260 20 228 739 9,190 24 13,461
Melaka 1,997 10 906 9,030 9,995 15 21,953 of Yan to international level.
Negeri
2,172 24 693 13,395 11,239 195 27,718
Sembilan
Pahang 6,160 209 874 7,841 15,654 13 30,751
Penang 990 23 1,310 25,411 24,388 408 52,530 ii. In Context of Northern Corridor Economic Regions(NCER)
Perak 5,747 138 1,090 7,658 24,976 17 39,626
Perlis 843 8 97 352 2,166 70 3,536
Malaysia established Northern Corridor Economic Regions (NCER) which consists of the four states
Selangor 2,916 147 8,739 55,498 102,695 6,248 176,243
Terengganu 1,525 18 757 7,440 9,868 18 19,626 Kedah, Perlis, Penang and Perak in order to develop the economy, improve income levels and reduce
Sabah 9,237 9,191 1,275 3,496 21,050 186 44,435 poverty between this three regions. District of Yan are located in strategic placed because it includes the
Sarawak 8,351 15,171 2,270 19,400 26,433 249 71,874
development of the NCER .There are five focus development in NCER that planned for District of Yan
W.P. Kuala
1 32 5,271 4,584 102,632 1,585 114,105 such as Manufacturing, Upgrade irrigation system Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA),
Lumpur
W.P. Labuan 121 0 34 718 2,291 18 3,182 Tourism Highlands GunungJerai, Development of the agricultural sector and Petrochemical complex. This
Total 54,782 25,094 26,533 186,750 409,976 10,002 713,137
strategy will contribute District of Yan in various sectors and improve economy, improve income level of
population and eradicating poverty .the development of various sectors _ promoting development in
According to the table 3.23 issued by the Department of Statistics in 2010, the GDP for each NCER that planned for District of Yan such in District of Yan to achieve the NCER to improve economy,

economic sector of the study area located in the bottom fifth of the agricultural sector of RM improve income level of the population and eradicating poverty in the District of District of Yan.

3,013 million followed by mining with RM 23 million and the manufacturing sector (RM 609
million), construction sector (RM 7,852 million) and services (RM 13,649 million).
iii. In Context of National

On the national level, in the development of the District of Yan, policies at the national level is
seen to be a major thrust of the plan, the settlement centres in the study area. Based on national
physical plan-2 (2010-2015) there are two policies that emphasize the development in
settlement centres. This policy encourages development in the main settlement centres in
generating income population and to formulate a development in accordance with the functions
and hierarchy of settlements. The policy priority in this study to plan the settlement centres in the
District of Yan in order to achieve its vision 2020 which favours the interests of the population
and socio-economic development of the country.
3.4 Summary of Findings

iv. In Context State of Kedah

i. In Context of Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand-Growth Economic (IMT-GT)
 At the state, there are some policies that are identified as the main reference in planning Kedah as the Main Settlement Center and the District of Yan does not achieve the level of
development settlement centres in District of Yan. Structure Plan 2002-2020 divided hierarchy such as the District of Kota Setar, Kuala Muda and KubangPasu because the
development policy in State of three stages.On the firststage is main policy that aims to promote population in the Districts of Yan has not reach the population in set of the hierarchy. In the
the optimal use of physical space at the state level based on the goals set out to build a context of Yan, the highest settlement hierarchy in the district of Yan is Main Settlement Centre
sustainable development and avoid conflicts of resource use. In this stage there are four policies consists of Yan Besar, Yan Kechil and Guar Chempedak and The another district that have the
that Identified are focus on direction and physical development in the state of Kedah. Based on same level of hierarchy with District of Yan in the context of State of Kedah are District of Sik,
the following key Policies can contribute systematic planning in the District of Yan. Second stage Padang Terap and Bandar Baharu.
is subject policies that are designed to strengthen the development of the subject accordance
with the direction for sectoral development in state of Kedah. At this stage there are two sectors
vii. Social (Demography & Housing)
identified that focusing on settlement development centers such as Central City and
Commercial. From both sectors there are three Policies are Identified can be used developing The finding we have found on the Social sector from the analysis that analyzed based on the
settlement centres in the District of Yan .Third stage is Specific policies that formation for analysis made in terms of population in Malaysia, Kedah growth rate equivalent to the rate of
directed to the Interests of the study area based on a certain criteria Identified. At this stage, growth in the State of Sarawak, Kelantan and Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. This show
there are one policies identified that focus on the development in the settlement centres. This which State of Kedah has a large population. However in context of states, District of Yan is one
policy encourages development in the less developed settlement centres. The policies in this of the district population rates of less than 100 000 inhabitants. Yan region also equivalent to Sik
three level is important to planning development in District of Yan in order to achieve the vision and Padang Terap. This is due to the employment opportunities and the pulled in the area do
state of Kedah not get a lot of response and causing migration out of the area.

Next, based on the proportion of housing in 1980 - 2000, District of Yan is one of the stock
preparation rates are relatively low. Comparable district is the district of Sik and Padang Terap.
v. In Context District of Yan
Therefore, the majority of housing in the state of Kedah is housing villages namely 52.8% of the
The Yan District Council 1995-2020 divided policies at the district level in accordance to the existing housing in the state of Kedah.
sectors. Based from the site visit, these policies are still at the implementation because not all of
the policy has been run. There are 12 sectors with 41 policy has been identified from Local Plan
District of Yan that will be a priority in developing the settlement centres so as to achieve a viii. Transport and Communication

hierarchy proposed, these policies should be a priority to proposed development in District of

In the transport and communication sector, we have found the finding in context of Kedah and
Yan by according to each sector
district of Yan. Firstly, the state road network in the state of Kedah can link the states such
as Kedah with Perlis, Jitra with Arau and Kulim with Seberang Perai. After that, in the north-
south expressway network does not connect directly to the district of Yan this is because district
vi. Development Trend of Study Area of Yan have no directly exit go to the highways for entering district of Yan through north-south

Based on the analysis made on the development trend, there are some findings which could be expressway network at the exit Gurun with about 35km from district of Yan. Next, the network of

raised to know the stage of the hierarchy District of Yan. The findings that have been identified federal roads in the district of Yan can link from Sungai Petani to Alor Setar with a 61km and

are the current of development in the District of Yan are more concentrated in Guar Chempedak, from Tanjung Dawai to Alor Setar with a 54km. Road in the context district of Yan they have two

Yan Besar and Yan Kechil. Although, there are five main sectors as development strategies in type road this is state road and federal road in the finding they are 7 settlement centre at state

the District of Yan which is commercial, administration, economy, education and accessibility. road such as Kg. Permatang Buloh, Sungai Daun, Sungai Limau Dalam, Yan Kecil, Yan Besar,

Besides that, District of Yan is in eighth position in the hierarchy in the context of the State of Sadaka, Singkir. While federal road to connect 4 settlements centre at district of Yan are Bukit
Besar, Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun, Sungai Limau, and Guar Chempedak.
 4.1 Introduction

ix. Economic 4.2 Definition of Land Use

In economic sector we found the gross domestic product (GDP) can be seen from the service The processes by which lands are evaluate and assessed to become a basis for decisions
sector (RM 13,649 million), which became the highest contributor in Kedah. Construction sector involving land disputation and utilization. This involves studies on the environmental effect of
(RM 7,852 million) was in second place followed by the agriculture sector, which contributes to land use and its impact on the community.TurnerIIet (1995) believe land use involves both the
the gross domestic product (GDP) in the state of Kedah to RM 3,013 million. Overall Penang manner in which the biophysical attributes of the land are manipulated and the intent underlying
dominates in almost all sectors of the economy among the state of the northern region. that manipulation the purpose for which the land is used. Lambing et al. (2007) differentiate
between land cover (i.e. whatever can be observed such as grass, building) and land use (i.e.
the actual use of land types such as grassland.
3.5 Conclusion
4.3 Analysis
On the whole, the policies described it is important as a guide in planning a settlement
4.3.1 Current Development Trend
Center.With this policy, research can be carried out based on a predetermined policy either in
the national physical plan, the national municipal policy, State structure plan and local plans. Yan District Development concentrated in Guar Chempedak where the location is on the
Specific policy issued also a more detailed policy related to ongoing research. In addition, if trail of the Federal Road and close to the industrial area. In addition, development was
seen in terms of current development trends occurring in the District of Yan is more concentrated in Yan Besar and Yan Kechil.
concentrated in the settlement center, which is located in the hierarchy of Main Settlement
Generally, Yan District has residential areas ranging from the traditional village cantered
Centre. Further, the 5 aspects highlighted in the implementation of the development strategy for
at the intersection and along the main streets and the river mouth. There are a total of 19
the realization of the vision of the District of Yan as agriculture, tourism, agro-ecology and
planned residential area in Yan district centred in Sala Besar District in particular Guar
intellectual center. Determination of hierarchy is also important for knowing the level of the
Chempedak and Yan District.
position is reviewed as well as spaces of the functions found in the area.Based on Structure
Plan State of Kedah, a road network that is available are three main highways and federal road Yan District does not have specific industrial areas. Existing industries operate scatter.
that connect with the other state. Meanwhile, the transportation were dividing onto two, first is Mostly, involve rice mill. Commercial land use is more concentrated in the main
public transport such as bus, taxi, ferry and aircraft transport. Cargo services are the other in settlement centres such as Bandar Yan (Yan District), Bandar Guar Chempedak (Mukim
transportation that been list in the Structure Plan. Demographic that based on Statistic Malaysia Sala Besar), and Pekan Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau and Sungai Limau Dalam(Mukim
head out two types of analysis that are Malaysia Population and Kedah Population Growth Sungai Daun).
analysis. It is under the social sector, while in terms of housing, it is divided into 2 parts, i.e.
i) Development Zone
rates of housing and housing types. The last 20 years, were built various type of housing to
accommodate population and the three main categories are planned housing scheme, village There are a few development zones in District of Yan which is developing. Among them
housing and slum. According to Department of Statistic Malaysia, scenario economic are in district Singkir, Yan Besar , Yan Kecil , Gua Chempedak , Sungai Limau Dalam ,
development that being issued on KDNK 2005 2012 have five main economic activities that Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau Dan Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun. According to our site visit,
are agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction and services. the most district that is rapid develop is Yan Besar , Yan Kecil , Gua Chempedak. Activity
carried out by mostly business activity except in Yan Besar have many government
areas. (Refer Figure 4.1).
4.0 LAND USE
ii) Land Use
 Table 4.1: Land Use Area Total 792.754 hectares have used for water body in district of Yan. This water body used
for the purpose of agricultural activity and drainage to village area for distribute water
supply to the people. (Refer map 1.4.1)

iii) Element Acreage (Hectare) Percentage (%)

Residential 1,611.74 6.67

Business and services 24.24 0.10

Industry 37.82 0.16

Institution and public
216.41 0.89
facilities
Open Space and recreation 137.08 0.52
Infrastructure and facilities 6.67 0.002
Transportation and roads 1,345.06 5.28

Agriculture 16,264.71 67.26

Forest 3,725.82 15.43

Water Body 792.75 3.28
Total 24,177.78 100.00
Existing land use
In table 4.1 above had been explained about land use area according to element that
exists in Yan district with total area 24, 177.78 hectares. From observation on the site, The acreage of existing land use in district of Yan is 24177.78 hectares, which
agricultural area have as wide area 16, 264.71 hectares namely include totaled 67% encompasses 2 category types which was namely development land like housing, estate,
from total District of Yan. Agricultural activity was being conducted in district of Yan is industrial and etc. After that, non-development land uses are namely agricultural land and
paddy, oil palm and rubber. Majority agricultural area carried out in Yan ofdistrict is rice forest that are often found in the study area because the main activity for the people in
cultivation. the district of Yan is agriculture. Apart from that, the highest acreage of land use that are
exist in study area is agricultural area which encompasses size 67.26% from overall
Apart from that, land use for housing that exists in District of Yan is 1,611.74 hectares.
district of Yan on the other hand, forest area is only 15.43% compared to agricultural
Land use housing exist in district are Yan Besar, Yan kechil, Guar Chempedak, Sungai
area.
Limau Dalam, Simpang 3 Sungai Limau, Simpang 3 Daun Sungai, Sedaka, Daun
Sungai, Kampung Permatang Buloh, kampong Bukit Besar, and Batu 17. Most types of
residential in district ofYan is village housing. There is also planned housing in Guar
4.3.2 Built-Up and Non Built-Up Land use
Chempedak, Yan Besar, Yan Kecil and Sungai Limau Dalam.
i) Built-up
Landing use for forest area also among those largest in district of Yan which as
3,725.816 hectares. Mostly, the forests still maintained as forest reserve and any Built-up land use that are found in the study area are residential, industrial, business, and

development activity are tough to do in the forest area in hill slide. institutions and facilities, open space and recreation, transportation and infrastructure which
includes the total area for 3,376.015 hectares (13.6224%). Land use for residential area is the
The total area for land use for transport and road is 1; 345.064 hectares that are used by largest built-up area which is 1,611.74 hectares (6.67%). Built up area are in Guar Chempedak,
residents in district of Yan to facilitate those proceeded from a district to another district.
Sungai Limau Dalam, Batu 17, Yan Besar, Yan Kechil, Singkir Simpang 3 Sungai Daun, Committed land use is the area that was approved by local authorities to make certain
Simpang 3 Sungai Limau which is development zone in Yan. development construction was nominated but not yet or are being developed which the
types of planned development are residential and business that is increasingly higher
ii) Non built-up
request from people in district of Yan. There is eight areas has been identified which are,
Non built-up land use in the study area is agricultural land, forests and water bodies. This Kompleks Utama Guar, Sekaya Taman, Keranji Taman, Pulasan Taman 1, Pulasan
recovers total area for 20,783.28 (67.26%). Largest non-built-up land use is agriculture with an Taman 2, Pulasan Taman 3, Perumahan Aman Makmur and Selat Taman for building
area of 16,264.71 (67.26). Any development is restricted on Agricultural and water bodies purposes according to type that will be conducted that exist in Kampung Besar Bukit,
because it is protected and managed under MADA. Any developments on Forest also are not Sungai Limau Dalam, Singkir and Guar Chempedak.
allowed because the forest should be reserved.
ii) Existing Land Use

Area existing land use area that exists in district of Yan mostly is housing which
encompasses 35 housing estates that has been ready built and inhabited by resident

4.3.3 Potential Areas for Development especially young generation which bought or rent houses with reasonable price. These
housing exist in Guar Chempedak area, Sungai Limau Dalam, Yan Kecil and also Yan
Total area for potential development is 1,388.47 Hectare which is only 5.74 %. Besar. Apart from that, existing business area also found in Pekan Guar Chempedak,

Table 4.2: Potential Area for Development Pekan Yan, Pekan Sungai Limau Dalam, Pekan Simpang 3 Sungai Limau Dalam and
also Pekan Singkir to fulfill the area people need in the area. To some areas, they need
to go
24,177.78 Hectare @ \ 241.78 km
outside Total Area District Of Yan
square
to get
Total Area of Development 1,388.47 Hectare @ 5.74 %
goods or
Total Area of Constraint
service 22,789.31 Hectare @ 94.26 %
development area
needed
because it there will only be in focuses central area only. (Refer plan 1.3).

Whole area has the potential to develop following there are a lot of demand from people
in district of Yan that lack of various facilities in respective place to get product or service.
4.3.5 Hierarchy Of Settlement Centre
Usually people will go to Guar Chempedak because have various goods and service that
have been obtained easily. The potential area for development is 1,388.47 hectares
which encompasses 5.74% from total area district of Yan which is 24, 177.78 hectares or Table 4.3: Area of Settlement Centre

241.78 square km. There is also constraint development area in district of Yan which
encompasses 22, 789.31 hectares or 94.26 % from the total area in district of Yan. (Refer
map 1.5.1 and Table 4.2).

4.3.4 Committed and Existing Land Use

i) Committed Land Use

 Yan Kecil is located in southwest district of Yan by having as area 740.44 hectare this
No. Settlement Centre Acreage (hectare)
district located near with Yan Besar and Singkir. Element of land use that have in Yan
1. Guar Chempedak 920.57
Kecil like housing ( 73.83 hectares) , institution and public amenities (24.28 hectares),
2. Yan Kechil 740.38
3. Yan Besar 346.09 transport (121.197 hectares ) , body of water (5.89 hectares), business (3.52 hectares),

4. Bukit Besar 346.09 infrastructure and utility (3,84 hectares) ,open space (7.43 hektar ) , agriculture (498.94

5. Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau 175.51 hectares) , and industry (1.91 hectares).
6. Sungai Daun 153.92 iii) YAN BESAR
7. Permatang Buluh 135.06
Yan Besar are located at southwest district of Yan by area as 346.09 hectares. This
8. Sungai Limau Dalam 102.76
district located near to Yan Kecil and Kg. Sungai Udang. Yan Besar is major government
9. Sedaka 87.59
area for district of yan and also is second largest area after Chemedak Gua district.
10. Singkir 53.46
11. Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun 54.74 Element of land use that have are housing (77.24 hectares) , institution and public

12. Batu 17 21.65 facilities (19.56 hectares) , transportation (2.68 hectares) , around water body (10.5
hectares) , business (2.68 hectares) , infrastructure and utility (2.19 hectares) , open
space (16.26 hectares), and industry (0.1 hectares).

Table 4.3 shows about the hierarchy of settlement centre. In Yan, the largest area of iv) BUKIT BESAR

settlement centre is Gua Chempedak which is about 920.57 hectares. Besides that, the Bukit Besar is located north of district of Yan with the area of 346.09 hectares. This
smallest areas of settlement centre are Batu 17 which is about is 21.65 hectare. This district near with Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun , Permatang Buluh and Sungai Daun.
following is description of each settlement centre base on hierarchy settlement centre. Element of land use that have in Bukit Besar district are housing (80.69 hectares) ,
industry(41.56 hectares) , business (0.74 hectares) , institution and public facilities (6.61
hectares) , forest (12.36 hectares) , infrastructure and utilities (36.46 hectares) , road
(24.28 hectares) , open space (16.51 hectares) , agriculture(56.45 hectares) , and
around water body (1.88 hectares).

v) SIMPANG TIGA SUNGAI LIMAU

i) GUA CHEMPEDAK
Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau are located in north east in district of Yan by having area of
Gua Chempedak located southern region in district of Yan with the area of 920.57 175.51 hectares. This district located near to Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun, Sungai Limau
hectares. This district near with Batu 17 and Sedaka. Gua Chempedak is district that is Dalam and Batu 17. Element that have in this district is housing (63.65 hectares) ,
largest at district of Yan. Element that have in Gua Chempedak district are housing that institution and public facilitices (0.78 hectares) , infrastructure and utilities (1.10 hectares)
devide into planned housing and village housing with area to every element as 42.21 , road (17.03 hectares) , open space (0.73 hectares) , agriculture (1.11 hectares) , and
hectares and 132.62 hectares. Apart from that, there is also industry(8.45 hectares) , around water body (3.21 hectares).
business (8.89 hectares) , institution and public facilities (23.90 hektar) , forest (8.99
vi) SUNGAI DAUN
hectares) , utility and infrastructure(18.28 hectares) , road (65.98 hectares) , transport
facilities (0.82 hectares) , open space (5.70 hektar), vacant land (45.45 hectares) , Sungai Daun is located in north-west district of Yan with area of 153.92 hectares. This
agriculture(550.19 hectares) , and around water body (8.99 hektar). district is near Sungai Limau Dalam, Permatang Buluh and Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun.
Element that have in this district is housing (31.60 hectares) , business (0.25 hectares ),
ii) YAN KECIL
industry (1.10 hectares) , institution and public facilities (2.19 hectares), infrastructure
 and utilities (1.52 hectares) , road (107.80 hectares) , open space (0.16 hectares ) , business (0.63 hectares) , institution and public facilities (3.39 hectares) , road (1.07
agriculture (451 hectares) , and around water body (4.26 hectares). hectares) , open space (3.74 hectares) , agriculture (23.66 hectares ) , and around water
body (0.49 hectares).
vii) PERMATANG BULUH
xi) SIMPANG TIGA SUNGAI DAUN
Permatang Buluh are located north district of Yan and near with Daun Sungai and Bukit
Besar with area 135.06 hectares. Element of land use that have in this district like Simpang Tiga Sungai Daun are located in north east district of Yan with have area as
housing (28.17 hectares) , business (0.05 hectares) , institution and public facilities (2.64 54.74 hectares. Position located is near to Besar Bukit, Sungai Daun and Simpang Tiga
hectares) , infrastructure and utilities (1.34 hectares) , road (88.27 hectares) , open Sungai Limau. Element that have in this district is housing (35.8 hectares) , business
space (0.12 hectares), agriculture (14.14 hectares) , and around water body (0.06 (0.44 hectares) , institution and public facilities (3.24 hectares) , infrastructure and
hectares). utilities (12.29 hectares) , road (62.51 hectares) , open space (1.43 hectares) ,
agriculture (263.22 hectares) , and around water body (2.98 hectares).
viii) SUNGAI LIMAU DALAM
xii) BATU 17s
Sungai Limau Dalam are located in west district of Yan and this district are near with
Sungai Daun , Sedaka , and Simpang Tiga Sungai Limau. This district area of 102.76
Batu 17 area small district in Yan. Batu 17 are located north district Yan with have area
hectares. Element that have in this district is housing (64.76 hectares) , institution and
21.65 hectares. This district arelocated near to Gua Chepedak, Sedaka and Simang Tiga
LEVEL SLOPE LEVEL ACREAGE (HECTARE) PERCENTAGE (%)
Sungai Limau. Element of landuse that have in this district is like housing ( 12.19
LEVEL 1 0-5 19,958.37 81.31 hectares) , transportion (2.17 hectares ) , around water body (0.07 hectares), business
(0.44 hectares) , open space (0.24 hectares) , agriculture (3.26 hectares) ,infratracture
LEVEL 2 5-25 3,168.46 13.20
and utilities (12.29 hectares) , and industry (0.04 hectares).
LEVEL 3 25-35 754.862 3.13

LEVEL 4 ABOVE 35 307.28 1.30 4.3.6 Topography

Table 4.4: Topography
TOTAL 24,177.78 100.00

public facilities (14.94 hecatres) , infrastructure and utilities (1.10 hectares) , road (17.02
hectares) , open space (0.73 hectares) , agriculture (1.11 hectares) , and around water
body (3.21 hectares).

ix) SEDAKA

Sedaka are located in west in the middle of district of Yan with area of 87.59 hectares.
This district located near to Sungai Limau Dalam and Batu 17. Element that have in this
district is housing (63.65 hectares) , institution and public facilities (0.78 hectares) ,
infrastructure and utilities (1.10 hectares) , road (17.03 hectares) , open space (0.73
hectares), agriculture (1.11 hectares) , and around water body (3.21 hectares) .

x) SINGKIR The table above shows the total area for District of Yan which is 24, 1788 hectares.

Singkir are located in southern district of Yan and this district is near Yan Besar with area District of Yan has topographical condition which form highland region especially in Jerai

of 53.46 hectares. Element that have in this district is housing (30.48 hectares) , Gunung area, while all agricultural area place is steep area which have 100m height
below from sea level which is 81.3% from whole area in Yan. There are four height level
which the classified in the District of Yan which is 0-5 as 19,958.37 hectares, level two 5- Longest irrigation is 6.84 km which is from Kg.Bukit Besar to Permatang Buluh
Used for agriculture purpose.
25 as wide as 3,168.46 hectares, third stage 25-35 as wide as 754.862 and seventh
level 35 and above as wide as 307.28. (Refer Map 1.8.1 and Table 4.4) iii) River
Total number is 68
Overall, topography in District of Yan this plays a key role in development in terms of Act as detention pond when flood happen
3. Sea
development, agriculture and tourism. Area with topography that is high focuses in Coastal district of Yan province covers an area of 41.19 km along the coast from
Gunung Jerai area only. Meanwhile, area that has topography that is concentrated steep Kuala Sala in the north up to Kg.Sungai Pial in the southern part of the district,
in agricultural area and saturated builds area. including the coast all four island. (refer map 1.9.1).

i) Issue and problem

Topography height which has same level close with sea level can causing natural 4.4 Findings
disaster like floods happen and altogether can affecting activities that near especially
After committing site visit, a few findings have been found in study area. We discover
MADA agricultural activity and main attraction center namely Guar Chempedak. Quality
that development pattern in district of Yan is different. The finding issue that are exist is
and result of agricultural production can be affected and can encourage falling economy
the pattern of development in the study area is linear which is centered line the way led
in District of Yan.
to development of land use along systematic note, agricultural land cant be develop and
ii) Threat is restricted for development because its managed under MADA. Limited development
in the study area because area forest should be reserved is maintained. The potential for
There is totaled 1,062.142 hectares of high land area which become an obstacle in
study area after doing a few scan, has the potential to be improved along. It also can be
conducting activity whether agriculture or development.
used as one of the economics income. Can be maintained and developed for tourism
sector. Topography finding in research study has three distinct topographical conditions
iii) Potential of the slopes, hills and highlands. The majority of the topography slope in Yan which is
less than 100m is 81.3%, which is suitable for all types of development 13.20 % are
Table 4.5: Topography Potential According to Gradient Level
under height 101-300 meters which is 5- 25 % slope. The highest peak of high ground

Suitability For
Slope Level Topography
Development
0-5 flat Suitable
5-25 undulating Suitable
25-35 Middle steep Non-suitable
Above 35 steep Non-suitable
is 1217m where the Mount Jerai located. Almost entire district Yan gradient of less is
than 250 (95.6%) and the remaining 4.4% is made up of slopes above 25 and
categorized as high risk areas for development.

4.3.7 Hydrology

i) Mada Irrigation 4.5 Conclusion

Total number is 199

 The analysis was conducted in the District of Yan; there are some findings that have The definition of infrastructure and utilities are the provision that is provided by local authorities.
been identified as current development trend of District of Yan development concentrated According to Frank Ennis (2003), the definition of infrastructure is important facilities, services
in Guar Chempedak where the location is on the trail of the Federal Road and close to and organizational structures for cities and communities. While the definition for utilities are a
the industrial area. In addition, development was concentrated in Yan Besar and Yan facility that collected one or more pieces of equipment that is designed to provide a service and
Kechil. Generally, Yan District has residential areas ranging from the traditional village connected to or part of a structure. Another definition for infrastructure and utilities is
cantered at the intersection and along the main streets and the river mouth. There are a infrastructure and utilities can facilitate business activities and enhanced quality of life and
total of 19 planned residential areas in Yan district centre in Sala Besar District in improving service delivery and increasing capacity to further enhance the competitiveness and
particular Guar Chempedak and Yan District. Yan District does not have specific resilience of the economy.
industrial areas. Existing industries operate scatter. Mostly involve rice mill. Commercial
The study area for the settlement center study is placed in District of Yan, Kedah Darul Aman.
land use is more concentrated in the main settlement centers such as Bandar Yan (Yan
Our focus is on the provision of infrastructures and public facilities in every settlement center.
District), Bandar Guar Chempedak (Mukim Sala Besar), and Pekan Simpang Tiga
We have done some observation on the placement of infrastructures and public facilities in each
Sungai Limau and Sungai Limau Dalam (Mukim Sungai Daun). Built-up land use found
settlement center. The data that we have collected from the study area will be compared with
in the study area is residential, industrial, business, and institutions of facilities, open
the guidelines that provided by the local authorities. Moreover, we also related the number of
space and recreation, transportation and infrastructure. Include 3,376.015 hectares is
infrastructures and public facilities with the total number of population from each Mukim to find
(13.6224%). Built up area are in Guar Chempedak, Sungai Limau Dalam, Batu 17, Yan
out whether the number of facilities that provided are sufficient or insufficient. The number of
Besar, Yan Kechil, Singkir Simpang 3 Sungai Daun, Simpang 3 Sungai Limau which is
population is according to Mukim because some of the facilities provided are shared together
development zone in Yan. Built-up land use not available in the study area is agricultural
with each settlement center such as District Hospital and District Mosque.
land, forests and water bodies. Covering 20,783.28 (67.26%) and largest non-built-up
land use is agriculture with an area of 16,264.71 (67.26). Any development on forest also
is not allowed because the forest should be reserved. The findings of topography are the
research study has three distinct topographical conditions of the slopes, hills and
highlands.

5.0 INFRASTRUCTURE AND FACILITIES

5.1 Introduction

Infrastructure and facilities are a basic requirement for the local community. Infrastructure and
facilities are provided by developers and local authorities. It includes educational facilities,
security and emergency facilities, public health facilities, social services, religious facilities and
cemeteries. The analysis is carried out to assess the facilities provided at the boundaries so
balanced and adequate to meet the needs of the population in the study area. This study will
identify issues and prospects for the development of community facilities to create a new base
facilities and upgrading existing facilities at the boundaries of the study area.

5.2 Definition of Infrastructure and Utilities

6.0 TRANSPORTATION SECTOR 6.3 Analysis

6.1 Introduction Basically, data that gathering form, survey is a primary data. In this chapter, all the results of
study and analysis will be released to know the real situation of the study area.
Transport and communication have an important role in linking the activities in a
development. Road system should be designed to create a clear hierarchy of roads to There are 4 finding that we find during the survey and it was divided into two contexts that are in
facilitate the movement of traffic and ensure the safety and comfort of users. For an area the context of the district and settlement center. In context of district, there are two analyses that
of settlement centers, transport and traffic systems are emphasized to ensure the area will be analyze, transportation network and road network pattern. In the context of settlement
has good accessibility for local residents do their daily activities. center, the analyses that will be analyze are about the traffic volume and public transport. This
all finding will be used as a reference during proposal development to ensure the proposal that
In this study, the scope of the study focused on 12 local centers that have been found in
created doesnt harm an existing condition on site.
the district of Yan. Through 12 settlement centers, the students will study the pattern of
network communication system from the central road network between settlements and Land Use for transporting
relations with regional networks. In transport sector study road network, transport,
Referring to land use sector, we were gathering the area that have been provided for the road
network, traffic volume, public transportation and issues and problems. All data collected
(transportation). The overall area that has been providing for road in the district of Yan covered
will be analyzed to provide discovery to be a reference in constructing the proposed
1345.064 hectares from the whole district 24,117.78 hectares. The area that covered is included
development on transportation.
Federal Road, State Road, Main Road and local road for the whole area. By settlement center,
6.2 Definition of Transportation Yan Kechil is lead in term of area covered with 121.197 hectares and the smallest area at
settlement center Singkir that covered only 1.066 hectares. The other settlement center can be
Transportation analysis is a detailed analysis of roadways performed for the purpose of
referring the table below.
obtaining the most projected of traffic volumes. The analysis takes into road network
pattern, traffic volume and public transports (www.i35waco.com/?f ,retrieved on 20 July Table 6.1: Area of Road from Settlement Center
2014)
Hierarchy of Settlement
Settlement Center Trains. Area (Hectare)
According to Kobus (1983), transportation analysis study indicates that if certain Center
signalization modification, are implemented, the subject road network will be able to
Yan Kechil 121.197
handle the additional volumes generated by the site. The analysis of transportation Main Settlement Center Yan Besar 95.403
includes analysis of intersections, analysis of traffic volume, distribution of the traffic, Guar Chempedak 65.98

inclusion of other proposed and analysis and recommendation of specific treatment for
identified problem. Sungai Daun 107.80
Permatang Buloh 88.27
Rural Settlement Center
Bukit Besar 24.824
In this report, we will come out with finding and analysis in scope of road network
Sedaka 17.028
pattern, transportation network, traffic volume, public transport, radius in getting good
and service and issues and problem on the site. Based on the definition above, we would
analysis include all scopes of study.