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Road Performance PDF

This document summarizes the different types of road resistances that affect the performance of motor vehicles, including rolling resistance, air resistance, and gradient resistance. It discusses how rolling resistance depends on factors like the tire's rolling friction coefficient, mechanical properties, speed, wear, temperature, load, size, and road conditions. The document also explains how improper tire inflation, whether over or under inflation, can reduce ride comfort, handling, traction, and fuel economy by affecting the tire's stiffness, print, load capacity, and ability to support shock loads. Proper inflation pressure is necessary for optimal tire performance, safety, and fuel economy.

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wanaw
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375 views8 pages

Road Performance PDF

This document summarizes the different types of road resistances that affect the performance of motor vehicles, including rolling resistance, air resistance, and gradient resistance. It discusses how rolling resistance depends on factors like the tire's rolling friction coefficient, mechanical properties, speed, wear, temperature, load, size, and road conditions. The document also explains how improper tire inflation, whether over or under inflation, can reduce ride comfort, handling, traction, and fuel economy by affecting the tire's stiffness, print, load capacity, and ability to support shock loads. Proper inflation pressure is necessary for optimal tire performance, safety, and fuel economy.

Uploaded by

wanaw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Road Performance of

Motor Vehicles
Road resistances
• are forces which tend to oppose the
tractive effort (force).
• The major road resistances that must
be considered in the design of a
motor vehicle and/or an engine are:
– Rolling Resistance (Rrl),
– Air Resistance (Ra),
– Gradient (Grade or Slope) Resistance
(Rg).
Rolling Resistance
• A turning tire on the ground
generates a longitudinal force
called rolling resistance.
• The force is opposite to the
direction of motion and is
proportional to the normal force on
the tire-print.
• The parameter μr is called the
rolling friction coefficient.
• μr is not constant and mainly
• It also depends on mechanical
properties, speed, wear,
temperature, load, size, driving and
braking forces, and road condition.
Effects of improper inflation
pressure
• High inflation pressure
increases stiffness, which reduces
ride comfort and generates
vibration.
• Tireprint and traction are reduced
when tires are over inflated.
• Over-inflation causes the tire to
transmit shock loads to the
suspension, and reduces the tire’s
ability to support the required load
• Under-inflation results in cracking
and tire component separation.
• It also increases sidewall flexing and
rolling resistance that causes heat and
mechanical failure.
• A tire’s load capacity is largely
determined by its inflation pressure.
• Therefore, under-inflation results in an
overloaded tire that operates at high
deflection with a low fuel economy,
and low handling.
• Proper inflation pressure is necessary
for optimum tire performance, safety,
and fuel economy.

The Figure shown above illustrates the effect of


over and under inflation on tire-road contact
compared to a proper inflated tire.

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