DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM

(ROOF DECK @ CRITICAL SECTION)

Design Criteria:
fy = 276 Mpa
f ’ c = 20.7 Mpa
Since f ’ c ≤ 30 Mpa β = 0.85
Reduction Factor; φ = 0.90 (for moment)
φ = 0.85 (for shear)
Wc = 23.544 kN/ m3
Wstairs = 35.39266 kN /m
Assuming size of beam BEAM TO BE
DESIGN
B = 240mm x 340mm (CRITICAL SECTION)
BEAM TO BE
DESIGN
(CRITICAL SECTION)
Roof Deck

4m SL-1 SL-2 SL-3

4m SL-1

SL-1
4m
3mSL-2 SL-3

3m 4m 4m

Formula for transferring the weight

of slab to beam.
W sS
W=  TRIANGLE
3

W sS
W= (3 - m2 ¿  TRAPEZOIDAL
6
 W s 1 = 19.62 kN/m

Dead Load and Live load to be carried

 Live Load

W sS
W= (3 - m2 ¿ since it carried trapezoidal area
6

S span = 4m, Lspan = 4m

S 4
m= = =1
L 4

(19.62 kN /m)(4 m)
W= (3 - 12 ¿ = 26.16 kN
6

Converting into Concentrated Load

26.16 kN
W= = 6.54 kN/m
4m
6.54 kN/m
Therefore;
L= 4m
LL = 6.54 kN/m + Wstairs

LL = 6.54 kN/m + 35.39266 kN /m = 41.94 kN/m

Dead Load

W beam = W c bd

W beam = 23.544 kN/ m3 (0.24m)(0.34m)

kN
W beam = 1.9212 kN/m say 1.93
m

Therefore ;

DL=1.93 kN /m

Factored Load
 Wu=1.4 DL+1.7≪¿

Wu=1.4(1.93 kN /m)+1.7( 41.94 kN /m)

Wu=74 kN /m

Computation of Mu

WL2
Mu= for simply supported
8

2
kN
74 ( 4 m)
m
Mu=
8

Mu=148 kN . m

Maximum∧Minimum Steel Ratio

ρmax .=0.75 ρb

0.85 f ' c β 600

ρb=
fy (600+ fy)

0.85(20.7)(0.85)600
ρmax . = 0.75[ ]
(276)(600+ 276)

ρmax . = 0.028

1.4 1.4
ρmin . = =
fy 276

ρmin . = 0.0051

ρmin . < ρmax .

Strength Ratio
 ρ fy 0.028(276)
w= =
f 'c (20.7)

w = 0.373

Maximum Moment; Mumax .

Mumax . = Ф f ' c b d 2 w (1-0.59w)

Mumax = 0.9 (20.7)(240)(280 ¿

2 0.373)[(1-0.59(0.373)]
¿ ¿

Mumax = 101.98 x 106 N.mm

Mumax = 101.98 kN.m

Mu > Mumax Therefore Doubly Reinforced

Solve for Strength Ratio

ρ =
0.85 f ' c
fy
[ 1-
√ 1−
2 Ru
0.85 f ' c
]

Mu
Mu = Ф Ru b d 2 ; Ru =
Фb d 2

148 x 106 N . mm
Ru = 2 = 8.74 N/ m2
0.9(240 mm)(280 mm)

ρ =
0.85(20.7)
276
[ 1-
√ 1−
b = 0.24m
2(8.74)
0.85(20.7)
]
0.85 f'c
d' C2 = A's f's
ρ = 0.059
C1
ρmin .0.34m
< ρ d = 0.28m d - d'
d - a/2

a
T1=As1fy T2=As2fy

Mu Mu1 Mu2
Steel Area, As1

A s 1 = ρmax bd = 0.028(240)(280)

A s 1 = 1881.6 mm2

Solve for a and c: C1 = T 1

As fy 1881.6 (276 N /mm2 )

a= ' =
0.85 f c b 0.85(20.7 N /mm2 )(240 mm)

a = 122.98 mm

a 122.98 mm
c= β1 = 0.85
= 144.68 mm

Solve for M u1 , M u 2 ,∧A s 2

M u1 = Ф T1 (d – a/2) = 0.85 (1881.6 mm2 x 276 N/ mm2 )(280mm – 122.98mm/2)

M u1 = 69.32 x 106 N.mm

M u2 = Mu - M u 1 = 148 x 106 N.mm - 69.32 x 106 N.mm = 78.68 x 106 N.mm

6
M u2 78.68 x 10 N . mm
As2 = = N = 1524.46 mm2
Ф fy( d−d 1) 0.85(276 )(280 mm−60 mm) 0.003
mm2
d'

Verify of Compression Steel will Yield

C Ԑ’s = f’s/ Es
c - d'
f ' s / Es 0.003
= ; Es = 200000 Mpa
c−d ' c
 600 (c−d' ) 600 (144.68−60)
f’s = = = 846.8 Mpa > fy
c 60 mm

(therefore compression steel will not yield)

C2 = T2

A 's f’s = A s 2 fy

A 's = A s 2 fy/ f’s = (1524.46 )(276 )/846.8 = 496.88 mm2

Number of bars, N

Use 16mmФ RSB

(For Compression)

2 2
Ab = Πd Π (16)
= = 201.06 mm2
4 4

A 's 496.88 mm2

N= = = 2.47 say 3 pcs.
Ab 201.06 mm2

(For Tension)

As2 1524.46 m m
2
N= = 2 = 7.58 say 8 pcs.
Ab 201.06 m m

Factored Shear Force

W uL
Vu = - Wu d
2

74 kN
( )( 4 m)
Vu = m
−(74 kN /m)( 0.28 m)
2

Vu = 127.28 kN ≈ 127280 N

Shear Strength provided by Concrete

 1 1
Vc = √ f ' c bd = √ 20.7 ( 240 ) ( 280 )
6 6

Vc = 50956.92 N

Condition:

If Vu > Ф Vc Stirrups are necessary then calculate the shear strength provided by the
Stirrup.

1 bS
If Vu < Ф Vc but Vu > Ф Vc : Min. area of stirrup, Av =
2 3 fy

(Sect. 5.11.5.5.3) where s = d/2 0r 600mm(which is minimum)

1
If Vu > Ф Vc, stirrups are needed.
2

Ф Vc = (0.85)( 50956.92 N) = 30938.13 N

1 1
Ф Vc = (0.85)( 50956.92 N) = 15469.065 N
2 2

1
Vu > Ф Vc and Vu > Ф Vc,
2
Shear Strength Provided by Stirrup

Vn = Vu/Ф = 127280 N / 0.85 = 149741.18 N

Vs = Vn−Vc = 149741.18 N - 50956.92 N

Vs = 98784.26 N

Condition:

2
If Vs ≤ √ f ' c bd then proceed in computation of spacing (Sect. 5.11.5.6.8)
3

2
If Vs > √ f ' c bd then adjust the size of beam (Sect. 5.11.5.6.8)
3
 2 2
3 √ f ' c bd = 3 √ 20.7 (200)(240) = 145591.21 N >Vs = 98784.26 N (Therefore
compute Spacing)

Spacing of Stirrups

Av fy d
s=
Vs

Av = 2 A b (Use 10mm diameter RSB)

Π (10 mm)2
Av = 2( ) = 157.08 mm2
4

N
s=
157.08 mm 2 276
( mm 2 )
(240 mm)
= 105.33 mm say 100mm> 25mm OK!
98784.26 N

Maximum Spacing, s:

2
If Vs ≤ √ f ' c therefore Smax = d/2 or 600mm
3

240/2 = 120mm

Development Length, Ld

Min. Ld = 300mm

Ld = 0.06 d b fy

Ld = 0.06(16)(276)

Ld = 264.96mm < 300mm

Therefore used Ld = 300mm

 DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM
(2ND FLOOR @ CRITICAL SECTION)
Design Criteria:
fy = 276 Mpa
f ’ c = 20.7 Mpa
Since f ’ c ≤ 30 Mpa β = 0.85
SL-5 BEAM TO BE DESIGN
Reduction Factor; φ = 0.90 (for moment) (CRITICAL SECTION)

φ = 0.85 (for shear)

Wc = 23.544 kN/ m3
Wstairs = 35.39266 kN /m
STAIR WELL
Assuming size of beam SL-6

B = 250mm x 350mm

2nd Floor

1m SL-13

SL-7 SL-5 SL-4

3m
SL-12

STAIR WELL

4m SL-11 SL-8 SL-6 SL-4

1.25m
1.075m SL-10 SL-9

3.575m 3m 4m 4m
Formula for transferring the weight
of slab to beam.
W sS
W=  TRIANGLE
3

W sS
W= (3 - m2 ¿  TRAPEZOIDAL
6

W s 5, s 6 = 16.394 kN/m, 11.464kN/m

Dead Load and Live load to be carried

 Live Load

W sS
W= since it carried triangle area
3

S span = 4 m, 1.25m, Lspan = 4m

W= (16.394 kNm ) ( 4 m ) + (11.464 kNm ) (1.25 m )

3 3

W = 26.64 kN

Converting into Concentrated Load (Considering it was all equally distributed)

26.64 kN
W= = 6.66 kN/m
4m

Therefore; 42.05266 kN/m

LL = 6.66 kN/m + W stairs
L= 4m
LL = 6.66 kN/m + 35.39266 kN /m = 42.05266 kN/m

Dead Load

W beam = W c bd
 W beam = 23.544 kN/ m3 (0.25m)(0.35m)

W beam = 2.0601 kN/m say 2.01 kN/m

Therefore;

DL = 2.01 kN/m

Factored Load

Wu = 1.4DL + 1.7LL

Wu = 1.4(2.01 kN/m) + 1.7(42.05266 kN/m)

Wu = 74.31 kN/m

Computation of Mu

2
WL
Mu =  for simply supported
8

2
kN
74.31 (4 m)
Mu = m
8

Mu = 148.62 kN.m

Maximum and Minimum Steel Ratio

ρmax . = 0.75 ρb

0.85 f ' c β 600

ρb=
fy (600+ fy)

0.85(20.7)(0.85)600
ρmax . = 0.75[ ]
(276)(600+ 276)

ρmax . = 0.028

1.4 1.4
ρmin . = =
fy 276
 ρmin . = 0.0051

ρmin . < ρmax .

Strength Ratio

ρ fy 0.028(276)
w= =
f 'c (20.7)

w = 0.373

Maximum Moment; Mumax .

Mumax . = Ф f ' c b d 2 w (1-0.59w)

Mumax = 0.9 (20.7)(250)(290 ¿

2 0.373)[(1-0.59(0.373)]
¿ ¿

Mumax = 113.95 x 106 N.mm

Mumax = 113.95 kN.m

Mu > Mumax Therefore Doubly Reinforced

Solve for Strength Ratio

ρ =
0.85 f ' c
fy
[ 1-
√ 1−
2 Ru
0.85 f ' c
]

Mu
Mu = Ф Ru b d 2 ; Rub = 0.25m
= 0.85 f'c
Фb d 2
d' C2 = A's f's

148.62 x 10 6 N . mm C1
Ru = = 7.85 N/ m2
0.9(250d mm)(290
0.35m = 0.29m mm)2 d - d'
d - a/2

ρ =
0.85(20.7)
276
[ 1-
√ 1−
2(7.85)
0.85(20.7)
]
T1=As1f y T2=As2fy

ρ = 0.04 Mu Mu1 Mu2

 ρmin . < ρ

Steel Area, As1

A s 1 = ρmax bd = 0.028(250)(290)

A s 1 = 2030 mm2

S0lve for a and c: C1 = T1

2 2
As fy 2030mm (276 N /mm )
a= =
0.85 f ' c b 0.85(20.7 N /mm2 )(250 mm)

a = 127.37 mm

a 127.37 mm
c= β1 = 0.85
= 149.85 mm

Solve for M u1 , M u 2 ,∧A s 2

M u1 = Ф T1 (d – a/2) = 0.85 (2030 mm2 x 276 N/ mm2 )(290mm – 127.37mm/2)

M u1 = 107.78x 106 N.mm

M u2 = Mu - M u 1 = 127.62 x 106 N.mm - 107.78 x 106 N.mm = 19.84 x 106

N.mm

M u2 19.84 x 106 N . mm 0.003

As2 = = N = 367.69 mm
2
Ф fy( d−d 1) 0.85(276 )(290 mm−60 mm) d'
mm2

C
Verify of Compression Steel will Yield c - d'
Ԑ’s = f’s/ Es
 '
f s / Es 0.003
= ; Es = 200000 Mpa
c−d ' c

600 (c−d' ) 600 (149.85−60)

f’s = = = 898.5 Mpa > fy
c 60 mm

(therefore compression steel will not yield)

C2 = T2

A 's f’s = A s 2 fy

A 's = A s 2 fy/ f’s = (367.69 )(276 )/898.5 = 112.95 mm2

Number of bars, N

Use 16mmФ RSB

(For Compression)

Ab = Π d2 Π (16)2
= = 201.06 mm2
4 4

A 's 112.95 m m2
N= = = 0.56 say 2 pcs.
Ab 201.06 m m2

(For Tension)

As2 367.69 m m2
N= = = 1.82 say 2 pcs.
Ab 201.06 m m2

Factored Shear Force

W uL
Vu = - Wu d
2

74.31 kN /m( 4 m)
Vu = −(74.31 kN /m)(0.29 m)
2

Vu = = 127.0701 kN ≈ 127070.1 N
Shear Strength provided by Concrete

1 1
Vc = √ f ' c bd = √ 20.7 ( 250 ) ( 290 )
6 6

Vc = 54975.85 N

Condition:

If Vu > Ф Vc Stirrups are necessary then calculate the shear strength provided by the
Stirrup.

1 bS
If Vu < Ф Vc but Vu > Ф Vc : Min. area of stirrup, Av =
2 3 fy

(Sect. 5.11.5.5.3) where s = d/2 0r 600mm(which is minimum)

1
If Vu > Ф Vc, stirrups are needed.
2

Ф Vc = (0.85)( 54975.85 N) = 46729.47 N

1 1
Ф Vc = (0.85)( 54975.85 N) = 23364.74 N
2 2

1
Vu > Ф Vc and Vu > Ф Vc,
2
Shear Strength Provided by Stirrup

Vn = Vu/Ф = 127070.1 N / 0.85 = 149494.24 N

Vs = Vn−Vc = 149494.24 N - 54975.85 N

Vs = 94518.39 N

Condition:

2
If Vs ≤ √ f ' c bd then proceed in computation of spacing (Sect. 5.11.5.6.8)
3
 2
If Vs > √ f ' c bd then adjust the size of beam (Sect. 5.11.5.6.8)
3

2 2
3 √ f ' c bd = 3 √ 20.7 (250)(290) = 219903.39 N > 94518.39 N (Therefore
compute Spacing)

Spacing of Stirrups

Av fy d
s=
Vs

Av = 2 A b (Use 10mm diameter RSB)

Π (10 mm)2
Av = 2( ) = 157.08 mm2
4

N
s=
157.08 mm 2 276
( mm 2 )
(290 mm)
= 133.02mm say 130mm > 25mm OK!
94518.39 N

Maximum Spacing, s:

2
If Vs ≤ √ f ' c therefore Smax = d/2 or 600mm
3

290/2 = 145mm

Development Length, Ld

Min. Ld = 300mm

Ld = 0.06 d b fy

Ld = 0.06(16)(276)

Ld = 264.96mm < 300mm

Therefore used Ld = 300m