Negros Oriental State Unive

College of Engineering and A

CE 424
REINFORCED CONCRET
PROJECT
Submitted by: Paculanang, Kelly T.
Cadivida, Jielo A.
Calacar, Joana P.
Tiaño, Karen Faith B.
Ferrer, James Raymond II
Ferrero, Marlon Nicho E.
Padayhag Kenneth C.
ental State University
ineering and Architecture
E 424
ONCRETE DESIGN- 1
PROJECT
Instructor: Dr. Irismay T. Jumawan, Ph.D
 Design for Si
SIMPLE SUPPORTED BE

Input Data values Unit

Total Length= 6m
WLL= 0 KN/m
WDL= 20 KN/m a =4 m
WLLctd 10 KN
a= 4m
b= 2m 6m
WLLcenter= KN
Fc'= 21 Mpa Live Load
Fy= 276 Mpa Dead Load
ᴓDiameter of bar in "mm"= 25 mm
ᴓDiameter of stirrups in "mm"= 10 mm
Clear cover= 40 mm 6m
Փ= 0.9
Computed Max Shear= 86.057 KN
Therefore use: #REF! X #REF!

(Effective depth)
d= 396 mm #REF! (Total Depth)

3 - 28 mm

(Clear cover) 40 mm 10 mm

#REF!

Required As= 1707.923 mm²

db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
12 15.10135 16 1809.557
16 8.494511 9 1809.557
20 5.436487 6 1884.956
22 4.492965 5 1900.664
25 3.479352 4 1963.495
28 2.773718 3 1847.256
32 2.123628 3 2412.743
36 1.677928 2 2035.752
sign for Singly Reinforced Beam
SUPPORTED BEAM

=P 10 KN =P KN

b =2 m 3m 3m

6m

Live Load WLL= KN/m

Dead Load WDL= 20 KN/m

Summary Results
Actual Area of Steel "As" : 1847.256 mm²
Number of Bars "N" : 3
Actual Diameter of Bars : 28 mm
Actual Weight of the Beam : KN/m
(Total Depth) Total Height of the Beam "D" : #REF!
Effective Height of the Beam "d" : 396 mm
(number and diameter of bars) Width of the Beam "b" : #REF!
Instantaneous Deflection : #REF!
(Diameter of Stirrups) Immediate deflection due to #REF!
Sustain loads :
Total deflection after number of
years : 5 years #REF!
Deflection due to dead load plus #REF!
additional long time deflection
due to shrinkage and creep :
Maximum spacing of stirrups : 198 mm o.c
190 mm o.c
 Design for Singly Reinforced Beam
SIMPLE SUPPORTED BEAM

Input Data
WLL= 10 Kn/m fc'= 21
WDL= 10 Kn/m fy= 276
Total Length= 6m ᴓDiameter of bar in "mm"= 25
Total Length= 6000mm Cl 40
Assume WB=20%(DL+LL)= Kn/m ᴓDiameter of stirrups in "mm"= 10
Assumed WB= 4 Kn/m B₁= 0.85
MWL=1.2WDL+1.6WLL= 28 Kn/m B₁= 0.85
Mu=(MWL*L²)/8 Փ= 0.9
Mu= 126 Kn.m
Mu=1.2MDL+1.6MLL= 126 Kn.m Assumed p= 0.0197676
Computed Mu= 126000000 N.mm pmax= 0.0282395
Determine pb pmin= 0.0050725
pb=(0.85fc'B₁600)/(fy*(600+fy)) Required Area of Steel=
pb= 0.037652620607505 Select the Bar diameter=
Assume p=0.70pmax w= pfy/fc' Actual Area of Steel=
pmax=0.75pb w= 0.25980308219 N Bars=
pmax= 0.028239465455628 OK db(mm) N(bars)
p= 0.01976762581894 12 15.101354
pmin= 0.005072463768116 OK 16 8.4945115
20 5.4364873
Assume d=1.5b b=2/3d 22 4.4929647
Mu=Փfc'wbd²(1-0.59w) 25 3.4793519
bd²= 30305857.8812915 28 2.773718
9/4b³= 30305857.8812915 32 2.1236279
b³= 13469270.1694629 36 1.6779282
b= 237.929 mm
Say b= 240 mm
d= 355.351 mm 0.85fc'ab=As1fy
Say d= 360mm a= 110.991851072
Mn1=As1fy(d-a/2) Mn1= 143.539 KN.m > 126 KN.m
Determiine Required As Design as Singly Reinforced
As=pbd
As= 1707.923 mm²

For Actual As
db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
12 15.1013537389212 16 1809.55736847
16 8.49451147814318 9 1809.55736847
20 5.43648734601163 6 1884.95559215
22 4.49296474876995 5 1900.66355542
25 3.47935190144745 4 1963.49540849
28 2.77371803367941 3 1847.25648031
32 2.12362786953579 3 2412.74315796 MnMax=
36 1.67792819321347 2 2035.75203953

Use N(bars)= 3 s=
Use diameter bars= 28 mm
Actual As (mm²)= 1847.25648031 mm²
actual p 0.021380283336931
pmin= 0.005072463768116
pmax= 0.028239465455628
T=C
Asfy=0.85*fc'ab Mu=Փasfy(d-a/2)
a= 119.010921700696 Mu= 137.88447641
Actual Moment= 137.884 KN.m
h=d+((diameter of bar)/2)+ᴓstirrups+clearcover
h= 450.5 mm
say h= 460 mm mm
d₁=h-clearcover-((diameter of bar)/2)
actual d= 396 mm 396
Check minimum thickness
hmin=(L/16)*(0.4+(fy/700)) 40mm
hmin= 297.857 mm
Check WB actual
Actual WB=24*h*b
Actual WB= 2.6496 Kn/m < WB assumed OK

Assume Again Actual WB= 2.6496 Kn/m

Mu= 185.30784 31.17952
185.30784
Mu=1.2DL+1.6LL
Mu= ((1.2*(WBL²/8))+(1.6*MLL))
Mu= #REF! Kn/m
Determine pb
pb=(0.85fc'B₁600)/(fy*(600+fy))
pb= 0.037652620607505
Assume p=0.55pb
p= 0.020708941334128
w= pfy/fc'
w= 0.272174657534247
Assume d=2b b=0.5d
Mu=Փfc'wbd²(1-0.59w)
bd²= #REF!
4b³= #REF!
b³= #REF!
b= #REF! mm
say b= #REF! mm
d= #REF! mm
total depth= (d+(diameter of bars/2)+clearcover+diameter of stirrups)
total depth= #REF! mm
say total depth= #REF! mm
effective depth "d" = total depth - (diameter of bars/2)-clearcover-diameter of stirrups
d= 396mm

Therefore use:
b= #REF!
D= #REF!
#REF! x #REF!
Reinforce Concrete Beam 396mm
(Effective Depth)

(Clear cover) 40mm

For Deflection
Gross moment of inertia: (Ig)

Ig=bh³/12
Ig= #REF! mm⁴

Location of neutral axis for cracked transform section

 Assume n= 8
nAs= n(3.14/4)*diaBar^2*NumberOfBars
nAs= 14778.0518424864
bx(x/2)=nAs(d-x)
1 X² #REF! #REF!
X= #REF! mm

Cracked Moment of Inertia : (Icr)

Icr=bx³/3 + nAS(d-x)²
Icr= #REF! mm⁴
Cracked Moment
fr=0.62*ƛ*√fc'
ƛ= 1
fr= 2.84119693087262 Mpa
fr=(Mcrϒt)/Ig
Mcr= #REF! N.mm
Mcr= #REF! KN.m

Maximum moment in member at stage deflection: Ma

Ma= MDL+MLL
Ma= #REF! KN.m
Effective moment of Inertia:
Ie=(Mcr/Ma)³*Ig+(1-(Mcr/Ma)³)*Icr
Ie= #REF! mm⁴ #REF! #REF!
Therefore use: #REF! mm4
Modulus of elasticity of concrete:
Ec=4700*√(𝑓𝑐′)
Ec= 21538.1057662924 Mpa
Due to dead load in KN/m
DL= 10 KN/m Immediate deflection due to Sustain loads :
Δ₁=5WL⁴/384EcIe (Simple Span) Δ₁= #REF!
Δ₁= #REF! mm Total deflection after number of years/months:
Due to live load in KN/m λӆ= ζ /1+50(p') λӆ= 2
LL= #REF! KN ζ= 2
Δ₂=5WL⁴/384EcIe ***(Simple Span supported beam)
Δ₂= #REF! mm Total deflection after number of years:
Δ₂=PL³/48(Ec)(Ie) ***(Concentrated Load P at midspan fo a simple supported beam)
Δ₂= #REF! mm
Δ₂=Pa²b²/3(Ec)(Ie)(L) ***(Concentrated Load at any point of a simply supported beam)
Δ₂= #REF! mm
ΔT=Δ₁+Δ₂ = #REF! mm
Instantaneous Deflection = #REF!
=P 16 KN
For Shear Reinforcement: a =4 m b =2 m
Actual WB= (2.4kg/m²)g(Db)/1000
Actual WB= 2599.2576 N/m 15.119 KN/m
Actual WB= 2.5992576 KN/m A
WDL= 1.2*(DL+Actual WB) L= 6m
WDL= 15.11910912 KN/m
WLL= 1.6*LL LL=(concentrated load anywhere on the beam)
WLL= 16 KN
fyt= 270 Mpa
**computed reactions on A & B
RA= 86.057 KN
R B= 91.391 KN
Maximum shear force at critical section:
Vu=RA-Wud
Vu= 80.06983278848 KN
Shear strength for concrete beam:
Vc=0.17ƛ√(𝑓𝑐′)bwd
Vc= 141909.538060837 N
Vc= 141.909538060837 KN
Shear force to be resisted by shear reinforcement (stirrups)
Vs=(Vu/ᴓ)-Vc ᴓ=0.75
Vs= -35.1497610095298 KN = -35150 N
Spacing of the two(2) 10mm diameter of reinforcements
S=Avfytd/Vs
fyt=Vs/Avn
fyt=
Av=(3.14/4)*Dia of stirrups^2*2
Av= 157.07963267949 mm²
Av= 157
S=Avfytd/Vs
S= -477.56586059744
S= -470
Use Max.S=d/2
Maximum spacing of stirrups
Maximum S=d/2 nor 600mm if Vs<0.33 bd √(𝑓𝑐′)
Vs<0.33√(𝑓𝑐′)bd
0.33√(𝑓𝑐′)
bd= 143724.2
Vs= -35150 N
Use Max.S=d/2

Max S= 198 mm o.c

Max S= 190 mm o.c
Beam
PORTED BEAM

Mpa WLctd KN a= 4m
Mpa WLcenter= 0 KN b= 2m
mm =P KN
mm
mm a =4 m b =2 m
for fc'≤28Mpa Live load for concentrated load on a beam

=L 6 m

actual p= 0.02138 Dimention of the Beam= 240 mm X

OK pmax= 0.028239 OK Actual d= 396mm
OK pmin= 0.005072 OK
1707.923 mm² # of bars in 1st layer 3 # of Spacing of bars per layer= 2
28 Spacing of Bars= 28mm > 25mm,OK
1847.256 mm² Actual
2.65
WBKN/m
= < Assumed WB OK
3 Actual Moment137.884 KN.m > Computed Mu,OK: 126 KN.m
N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
16 1809.557
9 1809.557
6 1884.956 396mm ###
5 1900.664 3-
4 1963.495
3 1847.256
3 2412.743 40mm
2 2035.752 240 mm

for 4,6 bars

actual effective depth d369.5 mm
369.5
mm

for 2,3 bars

 actual effective depth d= 396 mm
396
mm

143.6870725474

37

10mm

mm
s= 28
 #REF! (Total Depth)

10mm (Diameter of Stirrups)

#REF!
(Width of Beam)
 `

tion due to Sustain loads :

of years/months: 5 years 5 years or more= 2.0

12 months=1.4
6 months=1.2
3 months=1
tion after number of years: #REF!
B
oncentrated load on a beam

460mm

28 Ǿ mm

10mm
 Reinforced Concrete Design
Design of Doubly Reinforced
Mu= 616KN.m >
Span pf Beam= 6 m Design as Doubly Reinforced
Width of Beam= 300 mm pmax= 0.01832427536
Effective depth of beam d = 470 mm As1= 2583.72282609
d'= 60 mm fs'= 395.74MPa <
DL= 36 KN/m Compression steel does not yield
LL= 50 KN/m fs= 1000MPa >
fy= 414 Mpa Tension Steel yield
fc'= 28 Mpa Required Area of Steel Diater bar fo As'=
diameter of stirrups= 10 mm As'= 1191.847 mm² Actual As'=
Clear cover at bottom= 40 mm As=As1+As2 N Bars=
WB=1.2DL+1.6LL As1= 2583.723 mm² Diater bar fo As=
WB= 123.2 KN/m As2= 1139.293 mm² Actual As=
Mu=WBL^2/8= 554.4 KN.m As= 3723.015 mm² N Bars=
Mn=Mu/0.90= 616 KN.m Required As= 3723.015 mm²
C=T Diater bar fo As1= 30 Ǿ mm
0.85*fc'ab=Asfy B1= 0.85 Actual As1= 2827.433
a=B1c N Bars= 4
c=0.003(d)/(0.003+0.005) Total Actual As= 4300.055
Asfy=0.85fc'(B1 (0.003/0.003+0.005)) pmax=As/bd Required As'= 1191.847
As/bd=0.85*fc'/fy*(B1*(0.003/(0.003+0.005))) db(mm) N(bars) N(bars)
pmax= 0.0183242754 12 10.5382417451 11
As1=pbd 16 5.92776098161 6
As1= 2583.7228261 20 3.79376702823 4
0.85fc'ab=As1fy 22 3.13534465143 4
a= 149.8125 25 2.42801089807 3
Mn1=As1fy(d-a/2) 28 1.93559542257 2
Mn1= 422616474.49 30 1.68611867921 2
Mn1= 422.61647449 < 616MPa 32 1.4819402454 2
Design as Doubly Reinforced 36 1.17091574945 2

Design as Doubly Reinforced Beam

Mn2=Mn-Mn1
Mn2= 193.38352551

fs=E'sEs fs=600*((d-c)/c)
c=a/B1 fs= 1000 > 414MPa
c= 176.25 Tension Steel yield
 E's=0.003(c-60)/c
E's= 0.0019787234 < Ey=0.00207
Compression steel does not yield
f's=E's/2000000
f's= 395.745MPa < 414MPa
f's=600*((c-d')/c)= 395.745MPa Compression steel does not yield
Mn2=A'sf's(d-d')
As'= 1191.8470625
As=As1+As2
As2=As'*(f's/fy) if comp steel yields Ec = .003
As2= 1139.2925975 Es' c
As= 3723.0154236 d

Mn=0.85fc'ab(d-(a/2)) + As'fs'(d-d')
Mn= 616000000 Es
554400000
Strain Diagram
if fs'>fy , Mn= 616000000
If fs'<fy , Mn= 616000000
Design
nforced Beam
ΦMnmax= 422.62KN.m 300mm

60mm 4

fy= 414MPa As'

470mm
fy= 414MPa 570mm
4
Diater bar fo As'= 20 Ǿ mm 3
Actual As'= 1256.637 mm²
4 8
Diater bar fo As= 25 Ǿ mm As
Actual As= 3926.99081699 4
8 2
Required As= 3723.015 mm²
Diater bar fo As2= 25 Ǿ mm Diater bar fo As1= 30 Ǿ mm Diater bar fo As2=
Actual As2= 1472.622 N Bars= 4 N Bars=
N Bars= 3 Actual As1= 2827.433 Actual As2=
Actual As= 3809.181 mm²
mm² Required As= 3723.01542364 mm² Actual Mn
Actual As (mm²) db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²) Actual Mu
1244.07069 12 32.91868 33 3732.21207246 563.861 KN.m
1206.37158 16 18.51676 19 3820.17666677 D=
1256.63706 20 11.85073 12 3769.91118431 Say D=
1520.53084 22 9.793989 10 3801.32711084 ᴓ of bar at bottom=
1472.62156 25 7.584465 8 3926.99081699 # of Bars at 1st Layer=
1231.50432 28 6.046289 7 4310.26512073 ᴓ of bar at bottom=
1413.71669 30 5.266989 6 4241.15008235 # of Bars at 1st Layer=
1608.49544 32 4.62919 5 4021.23859659 # of Spacing of the bars=
2035.75204 36 3.657632 4 4071.50407905 Spacing of Bars=
Required As1= 2583.723 mm² mm² Required As2=
db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²) db(mm)
12 22.84513 23 2601.23871717 12
16 12.85038 13 2613.80508779 16
20 8.224245 9 2827.43338823 20
22 6.796897 7 2660.92897759 22
25 5.263517 6 2945.24311274 25
28 4.196043 5 3078.76080052 28
 30 3.65522 4 2827.43338823 30
32 3.212596 4 3216.99087728 32
36 2.538347 3 3053.62805929 36

.85Fc'b
a Cs'
c d c - d'
N.A. N.A. d - d'

T1 T2

b Steel-Steel Couple Diagram

Concrete-Steel Couple Diagram
 - 20 Ǿ mm

- 30 Ǿ mm Actual As= 4300.055 mm²

- 25 Ǿ mm

- 25 Ǿ mm Actual As= 3926.991 mm²

- 30 Ǿ mm Actual As= 3809.181 mm²

- 25 Ǿ mm

er bar fo As2= 25 Ǿ mm
2
981.748

Actual Mn 626.51252195
Actual Mu 563.861269755
> 554.4 KN.m OK
562.5mm
570mm
bar at bottom= 30 Ǿ mm
Bars at 1st Layer= 2
bar at bottom= 25 Ǿ mm
Bars at 1st Layer= 1
Spacing of the bars= 2
cing of Bars= 57.5 > 25mm OK
1139.293 mm² mm²
N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
10.0735583 11 1244.070690822
5.66637652 6 1206.371578978
3.62648097 4 1256.637061436
2.99709171 3 1140.398133253
2.32094782 3 1472.62155637
1.85024539 2 1231.504320207
1.61176932 2 1413.716694115
1.41659413 2 1608.495438638
1.11928425 2 2035.752039526
 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM DESIG
SIMPLE SUPPORTED BEAM

Input Data
Design data
Design Moment M 18 KN.m
Reinforcing Bar yield Strenght fy 275 N/mm²
Concrete Compressive strength fc' 21 N/mm²
Length of Beam L 5 m 300
Cross-Section Dimensions Total Depth
Depth of Beam D 300 mm
Width of Beam b 250 mm
Covering d' 38 mm
Effective depth d 0 mm 244 mm
Total Area of Tensile Reinforcement Bars As mm²
Total Area of Compressive Reinforcement Bars As' mm²
First layer bars
Number of Reinforce Bars (1) 2
BAR (1) SIZE ᴓ₁ 16 mm
Second layer bars Summary
Number of Reinforce Bars (2) * Therefore:Tension steel has yiel
BAR (2) SIZE ᴓ₂ mm * Therefore: Compression steel di
Compressive bars * Case 2
Number of Reinforce Bars(one layer only) 2 * Meets maximum reinforcement
Bar size ᴓ₃ 16 mm * Therefore:Tension steel has yiel
STIRRUP SIZE ᴓ₄ 10 mm * ***Passes Ductility Requiremen
STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR Փ 0.9 * ***Passes Steel Ratio Requirem
Ultimate Bending Moment
Capacity of the Beam
Designing Moment
Capacity Status
* ***Provide stirrups
* Maximum spacing of stirrups
EAM DESIGN

38 mm (d') Covering

Layer of compressive bars

244 mm (d) Effective depth

mm D
10 ᴓmm Stirrup
Total Depth

First layer of tensile bars

250 mm

b
Total Width

Therefore:Tension steel has yield

Therefore: Compression steel did not yield

Meets maximum reinforcement ratio requirement

Therefore:Tension steel has yield
***Passes Ductility Requirement
***Passes Steel Ratio Requirement
Ultimate Bending Moment = 23.64749 Kn.m
Capacity of the Beam
Designing Moment = 18 Kn.m
Capacity Status = PASS
***Provide stirrups
Maximum spacing of stirrups = 122mm
Design data
Design Moment Mu= 18 Kn.m
Reinforcing Bar yield Strenght fy= 275 N/mm²
Concrete Compressive strength fc'= 21 N/mm²
Length of Beam 5 m

Cross-Section Dimensions
Depth of Beam h= 300
Width of Beam b= 250
Covering c= 38
Reinforcement data
Number of layers (for bottom bars) NLay =

First layer bars

Number of Reinforce Bars (1) N= 2
BAR (1) SIZE dia = 16
Second layer bars
Number of Reinforce Bars (2) N 0
BAR (2) SIZE dia = 0
Compressive bars
Number of Reinforce Bars(one layer only) N 2
Bar size dia = 16
STIRRUP SIZE dia = 10
STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR f = 0.9
MATERIAL
REINFORCE BAR fy = 275
CONCRETE fc ' = 21
CLEAR COVER c= 38
CALCULATION
BAR'S DIAMETER db(1) = 16.000
db(Second layer) = 0.000
db(Compressive layer) = 16.000
db(stirrup) = 10.000

AREA OF ONE BAR (1) Ab(1) = p/4*db2(1) = 201.06

AREA OF ONE BAR (second layer) Ab(second layer) = p/4*db2(second layer) = 0.00
AREA OF ONE BAR(Compression Steel) p/4*db²(second layer) = 201.06
Total Area of Tensile Reinforcement Bars As = 402.12
Total Area of Compressive Reinforcement Bars As' = 402.12
effective depth( d ) d 244.00
d' 46.00
TENSILE STEEL RATIO r = As/(b d) = 0.66%
COMPRESSION STEEL RATIO r' = As'/(b d) = 0.66%

b1 = 0.850
Reinforcement ratio producing balanced strain condition
rb = 0.85b1fc'/fy(600/(600 + fy )) = 3.78%

Maximum Steel Ratio rmax = 0.75 rb = 2.84%

Meets maximum reinforcement ratio requirement

Minimum Steel Ratio rmin = 1.4/Fy = 0.51%

Meets minimum reinforcement ratio requirement
Assuming all steel yields= (fs=fs'=fy)
Depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a = As fy/(0.85 f'c b) = 24.78

.85Fc'b As1 = As - As' = 0.000100

T1 = As1fy = 0.027499999993097
a c C1 = 0.85fc'ab = 4463 a
d Equating T1 = C1
N.A. a= .00001 mm
c= .000012 mm
T1 c - d' = -46 mm
d-c= 244 mm
Concrete-Steel Couple Diagram From Strain Diagram
b es = 60999.997
es' = -11499.997
Cs' ey = 0.001375
c - d' Therefore:Tension steel has yield
N.A. d - d' Therefore: Compression steel did not yield

T2
fs'=600*(c-d'/c)
Steel-Steel Couple Diagram fs'= -2299999400
**Compression Steel Does not Yield
Ec = .003
Es' c C1+C2=T
d 0.85fc'ab+As'fs'=Asfy
T=Asfy= 110584.06
C1=0.85fc'ab= 4463 a
Es C1=0.85fc'B₁cb 3793.125c

Strain Diagram
T=C1+C2

110584.0614064 =
110584.061c =
0 =
0 =
 c=
fs'=600((c-d')/c)
a=
Mn=M1+M2
Mn=C₁(d-(a/2)) + C₂(d-d')
Mn=0.85fc'ab(d-(a/2)) + As'fs'(d-d')
Mn= 26274987.21083 N.mm
26.27498721083 Kn.m

Check for ductility

Max. Permissible As = 0.75rbbd + As'fs'/fy
1587.582448741 mm
***Passes Ductility Requirement

SUMMARY SUMMARY NOT APPLICABLE SINCE CONDITION 1 PREVAILS,SEE

Meets maximum reinforcement ratio requirement

Therefore:Tension steel has yield
***Passes Ductility Requirement
***Passes Steel Ratio Requirement
Bending Moment Capacity
Designing Moment
Capacity Status

WEB REINFORCEMENTS
Span of Beam, m =
Diameter of Stirrups, mm=
Effective depth of beam, m =
Shear at support, KN =
Vu , KN =
fVc =
Vs =

DESIGN OF STIRRUPS
Calculate theoritical spacing of stirrups =
max. spacing to provide minimum area of
shear reinforcements =
sqrt. Fc' x b x d / 3 =
Compute for maximum spacing of stirrups=

For Deflection
Gross moment of inertia: (Ig)

Ig=bh³/12
 Ig= 562500000 mm⁴

Location of neutral axis for cracked transform section

Assume n= 8
nAs= n(3.14/4)*diaBar^2*NumberOfBars
nAs= 3216.99088
bx(x/2)=nAs(d-x)
1 X² 25.7359 X -6279.566
X= 67.4137323 mm

Cracked Moment of Inertia : (Icr)

Icr=bx³/3 + nAS(d-x)²
Icr= 14619973 mm⁴
Cracked Moment
fr=0.62*ƛ*√fc'
ƛ= 1
fr= 2.84119693 Mpa
fr=(Mcrϒt)/Ig
Mcr= 10654488 N.mm
Mcr= 10.6544885 KN.m

Maximum moment in member at stage deflection: Ma

Ma= MDL+MLL
Ma= 23.65 KN.m
Effective moment of Inertia:
Ie=(Mcr/Ma)³*Ig+(1-(Mcr/Ma)³)*Icr
Ie= 64730413 mm⁴ < Ig562500000mm
Therefore use: 64730413 mm4
Modulus of elasticity of concrete:
Ec=4700*√(𝑓𝑐′) w= 7.56719631672
Ec= 21538.1058 Mpa
Due to dead load in KN/m
DL= BAR (1) SIZE KN/m Immediate deflection due to Sustain loads :
Δ₁=5WL⁴/384EcIe (Simple Span) Δ₁= 44.17106964152
Δ₁= 8.83421393 mm Total deflection after number of years/months:
Due to live load in KN/m λӆ= ζ /1+50(p') λӆ= #VALUE!
LL= 0 KN ζ= 2
Δ₂=5WL⁴/384EcIe ***(Simple Span supported beam)
Δ₂= #VALUE! mm Total deflection after number of years:
Δ₂=PL³/48(Ec)(Ie) ***(Concentrated Load P at midspan fo a simple supported beam)
Δ₂= 0 mm
Δ₂=Pa²b²/3(Ec)(Ie)(L) ***(Concentrated Load at any point of a simply supported beam)
Δ₂= #DIV/0! mm
ΔT=Δ₁+Δ₂ = #VALUE! mm
 Layer of compressive bars

D=
300 mm

mm Stirrup
mm
mm Second layer of tensile bars

First layer of tensile bars

38 mm Covering

mm b= 250 mm

mm Nt= 2

mm
mm

MPa
MPa
mm

mm
mm
mm
mm

mm² As2=As'= 402.12

mm² As1=As-As2 0.00
mm²
mm²
mm²
 0.028374545454546
maximum reinforcement ratio requirement

minimum reinforcement ratio requirement

mm

fs=600((d-c)/c)
12199999400
c =a/B₁

fs'=fy (Both tension and compression Yields)

fs=fy,fs'<fy (Tention steel yields and compression steel does not yield)
fs'=fy , fs'>fy ( Tention does not yield and compression steel yields)

Therefore:Tension steel has yield

refore: Compression steel did not yield
Case 2

C1=0.85fc'B₁cb
C2=As'(600*(𝑐−𝑑′)/𝑐 ) = 241274.3158c (c- 46 )
= 241274.3158 c² -11098618.53c
4462.5 T=Asfy
3793.125

3793.125c +241274.32 c² -11098618.527c

3793.125 c² +241274.316c -11098618.527
3793.125 c² +130690.254c -11098618.527
1 c² 34.45450766567 -2925.98280483823
 39.543 mm
-97.974 Mpa ***The assumption for Case 2 is CORRECT***
33.61 mm
Mu=ՓMn
Mu= 23.647 Kn.m
***Ultimate Moment Capacity of the Beam
Mn= 26274987.21083 N.mm
Mn= 26.27498721083 Kn.m

Check for Steel Ratio:

rmax = pmax+((p'*fs')/fy) ractual = p = TENSILE STEEL RATIO
rmax = 0.026025941783 p= 0.006592194420647
***Passes Steel Ratio Requirement

E SINCE CONDITION 1 PREVAILS,SEE SHEET 1

ement ratio requirement

Mu = 23.65 KN-m
Mz max = 18.00 KN-m
PASS

5
10
0.24
87
78.5088
39.61
45.77
***Provide stirrups

230.29 mm
230.29 mm
518.37 mm
93.18
122 mm
`

5 years 5 years or more= 2.0

12 months=1.4
6 months=1.2
3 months=1
#VALUE!
mpressive bars

yer of tensile bars

of tensile bars

ering
 241274.316 c² 11102411.652c 110584.06
a b c
c= -0.009962520918246
c= --46.01c
CASE 1 : ALL STEEL YIELDS

As1 = As - As' = 0.00

M1 = As1Fy(d-a/2) = N.mm Kn.m

M2 = As'Fy(d-d') = 21895644.1585 N.mm 21.9 Kn.m

M = M1 + M2 = 21.9 KN-m
ᶲ= 0.9
Mu = fM = 19.71 KN-m

Checking for Ductility:

Max. Permissible As = 0.75rbbd + As' = 2132.97 mm
***Passes Ductility Requirement

rmax = 0.75rb + r' = 0.0349667399

ractual = 0.0065921944
***Passes Steel Ratio Requirement

SUMMARY SUMMARY NOT APPLICABLE SINCE CONDITION 2 PREVAILS,SEE SHEET 2

Meets maximum reinforcement ratio requirement
***Passes Ductility Requirement
***Passes Steel Ratio Requirement
Therefore:Tension steel has yield

Bending Moment Capacity Mu = 19.71 KN-m

Designing Moment Mz max = 18.00 KN-m
Capacity Status PASS
 Analysis of T-Bea
USD Metho

Finding the Actual Required Area of Steel

Input Data bw= 300 mm bf=
d= 550 mm
t= 100 mm t=
fc'= 28 Mpa 100mm
fy= 414 Mpa
Span of ea 4.8 m 450mm
Spacing Between Beam o.c.= 3 m
bf= 1200 mm
MD= 400 KN.m
ML= 500 KN.m As
Mu=1.2MD+1.6ML= Mu= KN.m

bw=
Finding the Ultimate Moment Capacity of the Concrete T-Beam
Input Data As= 3695 mm²
Span of each Beam= m Use: 3695 mm²
Spacing Between Beam o.c.= m db(mm) N(bars)
bf= 1520 mm 12 32.67097304
bw= 250 mm 16 18.377422335
d= 610 mm 20 11.761550294
t= 102 mm 22 9.7202894996
fc' 20.7 Mpa 25 7.5273921885
fy 345 Mpa 28 6.0007909666
32 4.5943555838
Therefore the Ultimate moment Capacity of the Concrete T-Beam, Mu 36 3.6301081156
Mu= 672.5084 KN.M
s of T-Beam
USD Method

1200mm Therefor Use: 6867.599 mm²

db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
12 60.7229083910282 61 6898.937
16 34.1566359699534 35 7037.168
20 21.8602470207701 22 6911.504
22 18.0663198518762 19 7222.522
d= 550mm 25 13.9905580932929 14 6872.234
28 11.153187255495 12 7389.026
32 8.53915899248834 9 7238.229
As 36 6.74698982122535 7 7125.132

The N.A. is on the Flange, Therefore, the Beam behaves as Rectangular Beam
Required 6867.59914461097 mm²
300mm

N(bars) Actual As (mm²)

33 3732.212
19 3820.177
12 3769.911
10 3801.327
8 3926.991
7 4310.265
5 4021.239
4 4071.504
 Actual As (mm²)

as Rectangular Beam
 T-Beam Desig

Input Data Input Data

bw= 300 mm bw= 200 mm
d= 550 mm d= 300 mm
t= 100 mm t= 102 mm
fc'= 28 Mpa fc'= 20.7 Mpa
fy= 414 Mpa fy= 414 Mpa
Span of ea 4.8 m bf= 813 mm
Spacing Between Beam o.c 3 m Mu= 221 KN.m
bf=(1/4)of span of 1200 mm
bf=bw+8t(2)=
1900 mm
bf=spacing of beams center to center= 3000 mm
bf= 1200 mm
MD= 400 KN.m
ML= 500 KN.m
Solution: Solution:
Finding the Actual required Area of Steel Finding the Actual required Area of Steel
Mu=1.2MD+1.6ML= If the Entire Flange is in Compression
Mu= 1280 KN.m C1=0.85*fc'Af ≤
ß1=0.85 if fc' 28Mpa
At Balanced Condition: C1= 1459082.97 ß1=0.85-(0.05/7)(fc'-s8)
Mu=ᴓ0.85*fc'bfa(d-(a/2)) ᴓ= 0.9 Mu1=ᴓC1(d-t/2) ᴓ= 0.9
49797.7 -550 0.5 Mu1= 326980493.58 N.mm ß1=
X= 1000.449 99.55066 326.9805 > 221
a= 99.55066 < 100 Assumption Correct **'a' falls within the flange
c=a/ß1 ß1=0.85 if fc' ≤ 28Mpa Mu=ᴓ0.85fc'abf(d-a/2)
ß1=0.85-(0.05/7)(fc'-28) 17166.03 -300 0.5
ß1= 0.85 535.9405 64.059470095
c= 117.1184 mm a= 64.059470095
Es=0.003((d-x)/x) (C=T)
Es= 0.013574 0.85*fc'abf=Asfy
Ey=fy/200000 As= 2213.4148404
Ey= 0.00207 Balanced steel ratio
The Beam is under-reinforced, therefore the neutral axis falls on the flange pb=0.85fc'B1(600)/fy(600+fy)
Assume(fs=fy) pb= 0.0213757396
C=T (fs=fy) pmax=0.75pb
0.85*fc'abf=Asfy pmax= 0.0160318047 p<pmax(ok)
As= 6867.553 mm² pmin=1.4/fy
Balanced steel ratio pmin= 0.0033816425 p>pmin(ok)
pb=0.85fc'B1(600)/fy(600+fy) p=As/bd
pb= 0.028914 p= 0.0090750916
Maximum steel ratio Required As= 2213.4148404
pmax=0.75pb db(mm) N(bars) N(bars)
pmax= 0.021686 12 19.570884054 20
Minimum steel ratio 16 11.00862228 12
pmin=1.4/fy 20 7.0455182594 8
pmin= 0.003382 22 5.8227423631 6
p=As/bd 25 4.509131686 5
p= 0.010405 28 3.5946521732 4
pmin < p <pmax (under-reinforced) 32 2.7521555701 3
Es=0.003((d-c)/c) 36 2.1745426727 3
Es= 0.011088
Ey=fy/200000
Ey= 0.00207
Assumption Correct : fs=fy

Required As=
As= 6867.553
For Actual As
db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
22 18.0662 19 7222.522
25 13.99046 14 6872.234
28 11.15311 12 7389.026
32 8.539101 9 7238.229
36 6.746944 7 7125.132
eam Design

Input Data
bw= 300 mm
d= 550 mm
t= 100 mm
fc'= 28 Mpa
fy= 414 Mpa
Span of each 4.8 m
Spacing Between Beams o.c.= 3 m
bf=(1/4)of span of be 1200
bf=bw+8t(2)=
1900
bf=spacing of beams O.C. 3000
bf= 1200 mm
MD= 400 KN.m
ML= 500 KN.m
Solution:
Finding the Actual required Area of Steel
Mu=1.2MD+1.6ML=
Mu= 1280 KN.m
If the Entire Flange is in Compression
C1=0.85*fc'Af
0.85 C1= 2856000 N
Mu1=ᴓC1(d-t/2) ᴓ= 0.9
Mu1= 1.29E+09 N.mm
1285.2 > 1280
The N.A. is on the Flange, Therefore, the Beam behaves as Rectangular Beam
Mu=ᴓ0.85fc'abf(d-a/2)
49797.7 -550 0.5
Mu=Mu1+Mu2
Mu2=Mu-Mi1
Mu2= -5.2 KN.m
Mu2=ᴓC2 ((d-t)-(z/x))
Mu2=ᴓ0.85*fc'bwz((d-t)-(z/2))
-809.2126 -450 0.5
901.7947 -1.794671
p<pmax(ok) z= -1.794671 mm
a=t+z
p>pmin(ok) a= 98.20533 mm
 c=a/B1
c= 115.5357 mm
C2=0.85fc'bwz
Actual As (mm²) C2= -12813.95413106 N
2261.947 C=C1+C2
2412.743 C= 2843186.0458689 N
2513.274 Assume(fs=fy)
2280.796 C=T (fs=fy)
2454.369 Asfy=C
2463.009 As= 6867.599144611 mm²
2412.743 Check for minimum and maximum requirements
3053.628 pmin=1.4/fy
pmin= 0.0033816425121
p=As/bwd p>pmin(ok)
p= 0.0104054532494
pmax=0.75pb
pb=0.85fc'B1(600)/fy(600+fy)
pb= 0.0289140439642
pmax= 0.0216855329732
a=0.85*((600*d)/(fy+600))
a= 276.62721893491 > t
Asmax= 0.75*((0.85*fc'*((bf*t)+(a-t)*300)/400)
Asmax= 7719.597 mm² > 6867.599 mm²

Therefor Use: 6867.599 mm²

db(mm) N(bars) N(bars) Actual As (mm²)
12 60.722908391028 61 6898.937467283
16 34.156635969953 35 7037.167544041
20 21.86024702077 22 6911.503837898
22 18.066319851876 19 7222.521510603
25 13.990558093293 14 6872.233929728
28 11.153187255495 12 7389.025921243
32 8.5391589924883 9 7238.229473871
36 6.7469898212254 7 7125.132138342
Input Data
bf= 1520 mm ß1=0.85 if fc' ≤ 28Mpa
bw= 250 mm ß1=0.85-(0.05/7)(fc'-s8)
d= 610 mm ß1= 0.85
t= 102 mm
As1= 3695 mm² Span of each Bea
As2= 0 mm² Spacing Between Beam o.c.=
fc' 20.7 Mpa bf=(1/4)of span of bea
fy 345 Mpa bf=bw+8
d'= mm bf=spacing of beams O.C.=

Solution:
Finding the Ultimate Moment Capacity of the Concrete T-Beam
Solve for the area of concrete under compression, Ac
(C=T)
0.85*fc'Ac=Asfy
Ac= 72450.98 mm² a= 47.66512
Flange area, Af=bf*t) The N.A. is on the flange, therefore, the beam behaves as rectan
Af= 155040 mm² ß1=0.85 if fc' ≤ 28Mpa
Thus a<t ᴓ= 0.9 ß1=0.85-(0.05/7)(fc'-s8)
Ac=bfa ß1= 0.85
a= 47.66512 mm c=(a/ß1)
Mu=ᴓ((T(d-a/2))+(T2(d-d'))) c= 56.07661
Mu= 6.73E+08 N.mm fs'=fs=600*(d-c/c)
Mu= 672.5084 KN.m fs'=fs= 5926.785
Check: a<t (ok) Tension & Compression steel yields
T1=As1fy T2=As2fy

If Ac>Af then the N.A. is on the web, therefore, the beam behaves as T-Beam
Ac=2b'(t)+bwa b'= 635 mm
a= 47.66512
c=a/ß1
c= 56.07661 fs'=fs=600*(d-c/c)
fs'=fs= 5926.785
 Tension & Compression steel yields
Mu=ᴓ((T(d-a/2))+(T2(d-d')))
Mu= 6.73E+08 N.mm
Mu= 672.5084 KN.m

fs'=600(d-c)/c
fs'= 2256.26
Compression steel yields
 0
0
0
1882
0

beam behaves as rectangular beam

 REINFORCED C

Input Data
400mm
Axial Dead Load 1070 KN
Axial Live Load 980 KN
fc' 27.5 Mpa
fy 413.5 Mpa
Steel ratio "pg" 3 %
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars 28 Ǿmm
Diameter of Tie wire 10 Ǿmm
Clear cover 40 mm
N 1layer bars= 3
Tota
Tied Column Dimentions: L mm Total Steel Bar Ar
W mm
Spiral Column Diameter D mm Clear Spacing between
Factored axial Load Pu= KN N 1l
Total Axial Capacity of the Column=

For Tied Column For Spiral Column

pg=As/Ag ᴓ= 0.65 Pu=1.2DL+1.6LL ᴓ= 0.75
Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*(0.85fc'(Ag-As)+Asfy) Pu= 2852 KN
Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*(0.85fc'(Ag-pgAg)+pgAgfy) Ag= 127533.8
Pu=1.2DL+1.6LL ΠD²/4= 127533.8
Pu= 2852 KN D= 402.9653
Ag=Pu/0.80ᴓ(0.85fc'(1-pg)+fypg) say D= 400 mm
Ag= 156351.505815 Ag=ΠD²/4
t²= 156351.505815 Ag= 125663.7
t= 395.413082504 As= 3938.062
say t= 400 mm N*(Π(diaBar)²/4)=As
use= 400 mm x 400 mm N Bars= 6.395531
Ag= 160000 Say N Bars= 7
Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*(0.85fc'(Ag-As)+Asfy)
Ag1= 0 Spacing of the spiral bars: 10mm
As= 4471.939 mm² Dc= D-(ClearCover2)
 N Bars= 7.2625639939 Dc= 320 mm
Say N= 8 ps=0.45(Ag/Ac - 1)fc'/fy
Clear Spacing between Bars: ps= 0.016834
S=4As(Dc-dB)/Dc²ps
X X X S= 56.49622
X= 62.67mm Say S= 50
Say S= 60
X X
X= 108mm Total Axial Capacity of the Column
Nbottom bar3 C1=As(fy-0.85fc')
X= 108mm C1= 1681542 N
Spacing of tie wires: 10 Ǿ mm C2=0.85*fc'Ag
S=48*(tie diameter)= 480 mm C2= 2937389 N
S=16*(bar diameter)= 448 mm Ctotal= 4618.931 KN
S=Least dimention= 400 mm
Use S= 400 mm

Total Axial Capacity of the Column

C1=As(fy-0.85fc')
C1= 1921762.49168 N
C2=0.85*fc'Ag
C2= 3740000 N
Ctotal= 5661.76249168 KN

****MADE&EDITEDBY:PACULANANG,KELLY***
EINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS

7 - 28 mm bars

10mm
.
10mm
400mm 320 mm
400 mm

8 - 28 mm bars

40 mm 40 mm

Tota 160000 mm² Total

125663.7
Areamm²
Column=
Total Steel Bar Ar 4926.0173 mm² Total Steel Bar Are 4310.265 mm²
400 mm S= 50 mm S=
Clear Spacing between 108mm 60 mm
3 N 1layer bars= Total Axial Capacity of the 4618.931 KN
acity of the Column= 5661.7625 KN
 Reinforced Concrete Beam Design
Simple Supported beam

Input data

L 5 m 5000 mm
fy 415 N/mm²
fc' 28 N/mm²
LL 14 Kn/m
DL 18 Kn/m
Layer of compressive bars
Pu 160 Kn
Mpu 200 Kn/m
Wb 6.4 Kn/m
Wu 51.68 Kn/m

Stirrup
Mu 361.5 kN*m 361500000 N*mm
Assume Steel ratio : p=0.7pmax Second layer of tensile bars
pmax=0.75pb
pmin= 1.4/𝑓𝑦 = 0.0033735 First layer of tensile bars

(0.85𝑓𝑐^′
pb= 𝐵^1 (600))/(𝑓𝑦(600+𝑓𝑦)) b
320 mm
pb = 0.02881595
B¹ = 0.85
pmax= 0.02161197
p= 0.01512838

use p= 0.01512838 0.01513

w= 0.22422414

bd² 73731304
b(1.5b)² 32769469
b 320.004781 320
d 480.007171 480

Check minimum thikness:

312.5 mm
OK
Required Area of Steel
 2323.968 mm²
Density of Concrete= 2400 kg/m³ 0.85
Actual Weight of Beam
368640000
f compressive bars

d layer of tensile bars

yer of tensile bars

 REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUM

Input Data
Short Tied Column
Axial Dead Load 650 KN Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*(0.85fc'(Ag-As)+Asfy)
Axial Live Load 800 KN pg=As/Ag ᴓ= 0.65
fc' 28 Mpa As=pgAg
fy 400 Mpa Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*(0.85fc'(Ag-pgAg)+pgAgfy)
steel ratio 2% Pu=ᴓ(0.80)*Ag(0.85fc'(1-pg)+pgfy)
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars 20 Ǿmm Pu=
Diameter of Tie wire 10 Ǿmm
Clear cover 40 mm Ag=Pu/0.8ᴓ(0.85fc'(1-pg)+fypg)
Pu=1.2DL+1.6LL
Pu= 2060 KN
360 mm Ag= 126469.75040028
t²= 126469.75040028
10 mm t= 355.62585732801
360 t= 360
360 mm Ag= 126469.75040028 N=
Pu= 2060000 N=
8 - 20 mm bars Ag= 129600
As= 2331.3622050464

40 mm S=48*(tie diameter) =
X X
X= 100 mm S=16*(bar diameter) =
S=Least dimention =
Use=

Axial Dead Load 1070 KN Spiral column

Axial Live Load 980 KN Pu=1.2DL+1.6LL ᴓ=
fc' 27.5 Mpa Pu= 2852 KN
fy 413.5 Mpa Ag=Pu/(0.85ᴓ*(0.85fc'*(1-Pg)+fy*Pg))
steel ratio 3% Ag= 125279.786 mm²
Diameter of Longitudinal Bars 28 Ǿmm ΠD²/4= 125279.786 mm²
Diameter of Tie wire 10 Ǿmm D= 399.38850435361
Clear cover 40 mm say D= 400 mm
Ag=ΠD²/4
Ag= 125663.70614359
Pu=ᴓ*0.85*(0.85fc'(Ag-As)+Asfy)
7 - 28 mm bars As= 3938.0617983714
ΠD²/4*N=As
 N= 6.3955306266547
.
say N= 7

400 mm 320 mm Dc= 320 mm

ps=0.45(Ag/Ac - 1)fc'/fy
ps= 0.0168341898428
S=4As(Dc-dB)/Dc²ps
S= 56.496219739115
say= 50
say= 60
CRETE COLUMNS

3961538.46153846 3084480 23.8 400

877058.461538462 376.2
As= 2331.362 mm²
314.159265358979
7.42095638141516
8 7

480 mm
320 mm
360 mm
320 mm o.c.

0.75
#NAME?

4473725.49019608
2937389.13110646
23.375
413.5