Scribd
Upload
70 views15 pages

Chap8b - Laterolog-2018

Laterolog resistivity logs have three key advantages over other resistivity logs: 1) they minimize the effects of adjacent resistive beds, 2) they have better vertical resolution and can investigate deeper depths, and 3) they have negligible borehole and bed thickness effects. Laterologs come in different types including guard electrode systems, point electrode systems, and dual laterolog systems that provide shallow and deep resistivity measurements. The apparent resistivity measured by laterologs is influenced by numerous borehole and formation factors that must be corrected for, including borehole effects, adjacent beds, invaded zone properties, and true formation resistivity.

Uploaded by

Appiah Kubi Emmanuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
70 views15 pages

Chap8b - Laterolog-2018

Laterolog resistivity logs have three key advantages over other resistivity logs: 1) they minimize the effects of adjacent resistive beds, 2) they have better vertical resolution and can investigate deeper depths, and 3) they have negligible borehole and bed thickness effects. Laterologs come in different types including guard electrode systems, point electrode systems, and dual laterolog systems that provide shallow and deep resistivity measurements. The apparent resistivity measured by laterologs is influenced by numerous borehole and formation factors that must be corrected for, including borehole effects, adjacent beds, invaded zone properties, and true formation resistivity.

Uploaded by

Appiah Kubi Emmanuel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Laterologs

Lecture notes
First Semester 2018
William Ampomah
Laterologs Introduction

• developed for salt-based muds

• the survey current is focused, thus providing better


vertical resolution and deeper depth of investigation.

• minimizes highly resistive adjacent bed effects

• borehole and bed thickness effects are negligible and


often ignored.
2
Resistivity Logs Classification
Flushed Shallow Medium Deep Years Name Comments
Zone 0.5-1.5 ft 1.5-3 ft 3+ ft
1-6 in.

16” Normal 64” Normal 18’ Lateral up to ES, EL obsolete


1955

Fresh Microlog 16”Normal 1955-80 IES, IEL Obsolete


Mud (ML) Induction
Minilog Spherically (6FF40) 1970-85 ISF Obsolete
Rmf>2Rw Focused

Or Proximity LL8/Short 1965 DIL-LL8, Obsolete


(PL) Guard DIFL,
Rt<200 Medium Deep DISG
Spherically Induction Induction
Focused 1975 DIL-SFL Current

Spherically Medium Deep


Focused Phasor Phasor 1985 Phasor Current
Induction Induction

Array Induction Tool 1990 AIT Current

Salt Micro- Laterolog-7 1955-80 LL7, LL3, Obsolete


Mud laterolog Laterolog-3 / guard
(MLL) Guard
Rmf<2Rw
MLL Shallow Deep DLL-MLL
Or Laterolog Laterolog 1972 current
MSFL (LLS) (LLD) DLL-
Rt>200 MSFL
3
Laterologs Types

Guard Electrode System


• three electrode system

• focusing current from guard


electrodes, A1and A2,
maintains zero voltage
between Ao and A1 - A2.

• Tradenames: Guard Log, LL3

4
Laterologs Types

Point Electrode System


• 7 to 9 electrodes
• focusing current
adjusted to maintain
zero voltage across the
moniter electrodes, M.
• Tradenames: LL7, LL8

5
Resistivity Logs Classification
Flushed Shallow Medium Deep Years Name Comments
Zone 0.5-1.5 ft 1.5-3 ft 3+ ft
1-6 in.

16” Normal 64” Normal 18’ Lateral up to ES, EL obsolete


1955

Fresh Microlog 16”Normal 1955-80 IES, IEL Obsolete


Mud (ML) Induction
Minilog Spherically (6FF40) 1970-85 ISF Obsolete
Rmf>2Rw Focused

Or Proximity LL8/Short 1965 DIL-LL8, Obsolete


(PL) Guard DIFL,
Rt<200 Medium Deep DISG
Spherically Induction Induction
Focused 1975 DIL-SFL Current

Spherically Medium Deep


Focused Phasor Phasor 1985 Phasor Current
Induction Induction

Array Induction Tool 1990 AIT Current

Salt Micro- Laterolog-7 1955-80 LL7, LL3, Obsolete


Mud laterolog Laterolog-3 / guard
(MLL) Guard
Rmf<2Rw
MLL Shallow Deep DLL-MLL
Or Laterolog Laterolog 1972 current
MSFL (LLS) (LLD) DLL-
Rt>200 MSFL
6
Laterologs Types
Schematic diagram of the DLL-Rxo tool

Current flow path for LLD and LLS

Dual laterolog (LLS/LLD) - obtained by


using currents at different frequencies.
shallow and deep curves
7
Laterologs Theory

R a  J m R m  J mc R mc  J xo R xo  J i R i  J t R  J s R s
n
where  J i  1
i =1

J is the integrated pseudogeometric factor


J = f(tool type, di)

8
Laterologs Theory

Integrated geometrical factor


50% of signal contribution from a depth of:

8” MSFL
25” LLS
>80” LLD

9
Laterologs Application

• Numerous factors influence the apparent resistivity measurement:


– borehole effects (Rm, Rmc, dH, hmc)
– adjacent beds (h, Rs)
– invaded zone (di, Ri, Rxo)
– uninvaded zone (Rt)

• Charts have been developed using math simulations to correct for these
effects. Corrections are sequenced!

Borehole

Adjacent bed

Invasion

True formation resistivity


10
Laterologs Invasion

Assume a step profile of invasion


Assumed di Rt

R
Rxo LLd
LLs
msfl
d
Analytical solution
(R a ' ' ) LLD  J xo (di ) R xo  (1  J xo (di )) * R t
(R a ' ' ) LLS  J xo '(di ) R xo  (1  J xo ' (di )) * R t
(R a ' ' ) MSFL  J xo ' '(di ) R xo  (1  J xo ' '(di ) ) * R t

- three unknowns: di, Rxo, Rt

11
Laterologs
Invasion

Tornado Chart for


Dual-Laterolog-Rxo Device
(Schlumberger)

12
Laterologs
Example

13
Laterologs
Example

14
Resistivity Logs References

Bassiouni, Z: Theory, Measurement, and Interpretation of Well Logs, SPE Textbook


Series, Vol. 4, (1994)
Chapter 5

Schlumberger, Log Interpretation Charts, Houston, TX (1995)

Western Atlas, Log Interpretation Charts, Houston, TX (1992)

15

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy