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Flexural Analysis and Design - Doubly Reinforced Beams

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2K views23 pages

Flexural Analysis and Design - Doubly Reinforced Beams

No, thank you for providing the detailed document and examples. I believe I understand the key concepts around doubly reinforced beams. Please let me know if you have any other questions!

Uploaded by

Jhe Taguines
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structural Design 1

(Reinforced Concrete)
Chapter 3:
Flexural Analysis and Design –
Doubly Reinforced Beams
(Beams Reinforced for Compression)
1.
Compression Steel
Compression Steel

The steel that is occasionally used on the


compression sides of beams is called Compression
Steel, and beams with both tensile and compressive
steel are referred to as Doubly Reinforced Beams.
Compression steel is not normally required in sections
designed by the strength method because use of the full
compressive strength of the concrete decidedly
decreases the need for such reinforcement, as compared
to designs made with the working-stress design method.
Compression Steel
Compressive steel increases not only the resisting moments of concrete sections but
also the amount of curvature that a member can take before flexural failure. This means
that the ductility of such sections will be appreciably increased. Though expensive,
compression steel makes beams tough and ductile, enabling them to withstand large
moments, deformations, and stress reversals such as might occur during earthquakes. As
a result, many building codes for earthquake zones require that certain minimum amounts
of compression steel be included in flexural members.

Compression steel is very effective in reducing long-term deflections due to shrinkage


and plastic flow. Continuous compression bars are also helpful for positioning stirrups
(by tying them to the compression bars) and keeping them in place during concrete
placement and vibration.
2.
Derived Expressions for Doubly Reinforced
Beams
Derived Expressions for Doubly Reinforced Beams
A’s
d’
0.85f‘c
Cs

As
T T

Where:
As = area of tension steel εcu = strain of concrete f’c = compressive strength of concrete
A’s = area of compression steel εt = strain of steel fy = yield strength of steel
c = depth of NA from d’ = depth from centroid a = β1c = depth of equiv. compression
topmost compression face of compression steel block
to topmost compression
b = width of the beam h = total depth
d = effective depth
Derived Expressions for Doubly Reinforced Beams

Conditions for the need to


include compression
reinforcements:

Ø If the depth of the compressive


block, “a”, is greater than the
effective depth ,“d”, if assumed
as singly reinforced; or

Ø If ρ exceeds the ρmax.


Derived Expressions for Doubly Reinforced Beams

When compression steel is used, the


nominal resisting moment of the beam is
assumed to consist of two parts:
1. the part due to the resistance of the
compression concrete and the
balancing tensile reinforcing; and
2. the part due to the nominal moment
capacity of the compression steel and
the balancing amount of the
additional tensile steel.
Derived Expressions for Doubly Reinforced Beams

Behavior of Doubly Reinforced Beams:

Tension reinforcement always yield in doubly


reinforced beams.

There are two possible cases for compression


reinforcement:
1. Case I – Compression steel is yielding at ultimate
condition; and

2. Case II – Compression steel is not yielding at ultimate


condition.
Derived Expressions for Doubly Reinforced Beams

Case I – Compression steel is yielding at ultimate


condition

fs = fy and f’s = fy
ΣFx = 0:
Cc + Cs = T

0.85f’cab + A’sfy = Asfy

and
Derived Expressions for Doubly Reinforced Beams

Case I – Compression steel is yielding at ultimate


condition

By ratio and proportion on the


strain diagram:

Notes:
- If ε’s ≥ εy:
compression steel is yielding.

- If ε’s < εy:


compression steel in NOT yielding.
Derived Expressions for Doubly Reinforced Beams

Case I – Compression steel is yielding at


ultimate condition

T = total tensile force in steel


T = T1 + T2
where:
T1 is balanced by Cc
T2 is balanced by Cs

Nominal Moment Mn:


ΣMT1 = 0 (Concrete – Steel Couple)
Derived Expressions for Doubly Reinforced Beams

Case I – Compression steel is yielding at


ultimate condition

Nominal Moment Mn:


ΣMT2 = 0 (Steel – Steel Couple)

Therefore,

Ultimate Moment Mu:


Derived Expressions for Doubly Reinforced Beams

Case II – Compression steel is not yielding at ultimate


condition

fs = fy and f’s < fy


ΣFx = 0:
Cc + Cs = T
0.85f’cab + A’sf’s = Asfy
But, f’s = Esε’s

Therefore,

and
3.
Steel Reinforcement Ratio
Steel Reinforcement Ratio

Steel Reinforcement Ratio:

Tension Reinforcement: Compression Reinforcement:

Minimum tensile steel ratio that will ensure yielding of the compression steel at
failure:
Steel Reinforcement Ratio

Balanced and Maximum Steel Reinforcement Ratio:

CASE Balanced Maximum

II
Examples
(Doubly Reinforced Beams)
Examples – Doubly Reinforced Beams

1. A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth to


the tension reinforcement of 618 mm. Compression reinforcement, if required,
will be placed at a depth of 60 mm. If f’c = 30 MPa and fy = 410 MPa, design the
longitudinal reinforcement/s using 28mm φ rebars if the beam is to support a
nominal bending moment of 650 kN-m.
Examples – Doubly Reinforced Beams

2. A rectangular beam, which must carry a service live load of 36 kN/m and a
calculated dead load of 15.50 kN/m on a simple span of 5.50 m, is limited in a cross
section due to architectural reasons to 250 mm width and effective depth of 400 mm.
The total depth is 500 mm. Compression reinforcement, if needed, will be placed at 65
mm from the compression face. If fy = 276 MPa and f’c = 20.70 MPa, what must be
the steel areas to be provided in mm2?
Examples – Doubly Reinforced Beams

3. A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 450 mm.
The beam is reinforced with 6 – 32 mmφ bars at the bottom and 2 – 28 mmφ bars at the top
located 65 mm from the maximum compression fiber. f‘c = 34.50 MPa, fy = 345 MPa.
Assume that the contribution of the compression steel may not be neglected and that the
compression steel yields.

a. Determine the balanced reinforcement ratio if singly-reinforced beam will be


considered;

b. Determine the balanced reinforcement ratio if doubly-reinforced beam will be


considered; and

c. Compute the ultimate strength of the beam.


Examples – Doubly Reinforced Beams

4. A rectangular beam has a width of 280 mm and an effective depth of 510 mm. It is
reinforced with steel area in tension equal to 3,054 mm2 and steel area in compression of
982 mm2. Steel covering at the top is 50 mm. f‘c = 35 MPa, fy = 400 MPa, and Es = 200
GPa.

a. Compute for the neutral axis assuming that steel in compression does not yield;

b. Compute the compressive stress of compression steel; and

c. Compute the flexural strength capacity of the beam.


Any questions?

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