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RT 303 Notes Print

The document provides information on radiologic physics concepts including fractions, scientific notation, physical quantities, mechanics, and the atom. Fractions are ratios and rules for addition, multiplication, and division are covered. Scientific notation, prefixes, and standard symbols are defined. Key physics concepts like velocity, acceleration, force, work, energy, and temperature are explained.

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195 views4 pages

RT 303 Notes Print

The document provides information on radiologic physics concepts including fractions, scientific notation, physical quantities, mechanics, and the atom. Fractions are ratios and rules for addition, multiplication, and division are covered. Scientific notation, prefixes, and standard symbols are defined. Key physics concepts like velocity, acceleration, force, work, energy, and temperature are explained.

Uploaded by

Meg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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RT 303 – RADIOLOGIC PHYSICS

NOTES

Fractions – is a ratio of 2 numbers


½ = 0.5 = 50%
1/3 = 0.33 = 33%
¼ = 0.25 = 25%
¾ = 0.75 = 75%
5/8 = 0.625 = 62.5%
1/5 = 0.20 = 20%
1/8 = 0.125 = 12.5%

Addition of fraction
½ + 2/3 = 3/6 + 4/6 = 7/6
 It should have the same denominator, if different look for least common denominator

Multiplication of fraction
½ X 2/3 = 2/6
 Multiply the numerator and denominator

Division of fraction
½  2/3 = ½ X 3/2 = 3/4
 Reciprocal of the second fraction

Scientific Notation
0.00000000001 = 1.0 X 10-10 (move decimal places to the right for negative exponent)
300000000 = 3 X 108 (move decimal places to the left for positive exponent)

3.0 X 105 + 1.0 X 5 = 4.0 X 105


 Adding numbers with same exponent – exponent will remain

105 X 10-3 = 105+(-3) = 102


 In multiplication, exponent should be add

105  10-3 = 105-(-3) = 108


 In division, the exponent should be subtracted

Three (3) basic physical quantities


 Length (l) – Unit: meter (m)
 Mass (m) – Unit: Kilogram (Kg)
 Time (t) – Unit: second (s)
Velocity
V = d/t – Unit: m/s

Acceleration
a = Vf – Vi /t – Unit: m/s2

Newton’s Law
Law of Inertia
 Object at rest will be at rest
 Net + balance force

F = ma  kg.m/s2 (Newton)
aF
a  1/m
a  F/m

Work
 Force due to gravity

W = Fg = mg (g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/s 2)

Physics
 Is the study of matter and energy and their interaction

Matter
 Is anything that occupies space and has mass

Mass
 Is the quantity of matter contained in an object
 It is the measure of inertia of a body or the resistance to acceleration

Energy
 Is the ability or capacity to do work

Classification of Physical Quantities


 Scalar Quantities – quantities that have magnitude only (ex. mass, temperature,
distance, speed, energy)
 Vector Quantities – quantities that have both magnitude and direction (ex. velocity,
displacement, force, momentum)

Mechanics
 Is the study of motion of objects
Velocity
 Is the time rate of change of position of an object
 V = d/t (Unit: m/s)

Newton’s Law of Motion


 Law of Inertia
 Law of Force and Acceleration
 Action-Reaction Law

Force = mass x acceleration


F = ma (Unit: kg.m/s2)

Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity


W = mg (where: g = 9.8m/s2)

Momentum (p)
 Is the product of the mass of an object and its velocity
 P = mv (Unit: kg.m/s)

Work
 Is equal to the force used over a distance
 W = Fd (Unit: N-m or Joule (J)

Power (P)
 Is the time rate of doing work, that is the work performed over time
 P = W/t in J/s or watt (W)

Kinetic Energy (EK)


 Is energy due to motion of an object
 EK = ½ mv2 (Unit: N-m or J)

Potential Energy (EP)


 Is the energy by virtue of the objects position
 EP = Wh or Ep = mgh (Unit: N-m or J)

Temperature
 Is the measure of degree of hotness or coldness of a substance
C = 5/9 (F-32)
F = 9/5 C + 32
K = C + 273
Standard Scientific Notation, Prefixes, and Symbols
1018 – Exa – E
1015 – Peta – P
1012 – Tera – T
109 – Giga – G
106 – Mega – M
103 – Kilo – k
102 – hecto – h
101 – deka – da
10-1 – deci – d
10-2 – centi – c
10-3 – milli – m
10-6 – micro - 
10-9 – nano – n
10-12 – pico – p
10-15 – femto – f
10-18 – atto – a

Centuries of Discoveries of Atom


Greek Atom
 Earliest reference of the atom comes from Greek
 They thought all matters was composed of 4 substances (Earth, water, air, fire)
 This substances were modified by 4 basic essences (wet, dry, hot, cold)
 For them, the term atom is indivisible, describe the smallest part of 4 basic structures

108 elements – have been identified


92 elements – naturally occurring
16 elements – artificially produced in high energy particle accelerator

Atom

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