International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering

Volume 5, Issue 6, February-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SELF COMPACTING OF

CONCRETE
T.Venkata Prasad1, J. Sudha Mani2
1
M.Tech Student, 2Associate Professor
Department Of Civil Engineering, Usharama College Of Engineering And Technology,
Telaprolu, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India, 521109.

ABSTRACT: Self-compacting concrete is a flowable Once applied, the self-compacting property enables the
concrete mixture with excellent strength and durability concrete to fully reinforce around the steel structures and
properties. It can be able to flow under its own weight and it completely fill the space within the framework. The self-
is able to compact itself without any additional vibration or compacting of concrete is achieved without losing any kind
compaction effort. It completely fills formwork and makes it of strength, stability, or change in properties. The need for
suitable for filling even in the presence of congested Self compacting concrete was first started in Japan when
reinforcement. The mix design and testing methods are they got a decline for availability of skilled labour in 1980’s.
different compared with ordinary concrete. In this paper the They need sufficient skilled labour for making of durability
self-compacting concrete mix design is done by IS structures. Then they developed Self Compacting Concrete
10262(2009) code book using EFNARC guide lines. which compacts itself with its own weight without vibration.
However getting high strength self-compacting concrete is After the development of Self Compacting concrete in Japan
simple compared to medium and low strengths. In this an many organizations have started the investigation work all
attempt has been made to study self-compacting concrete over the world to know the properties of Self Compacting
for different sizes of coarse aggregates that is 10mm, Concrete. The work was started by Prof.Okamura from
12.5mm and 20mm by using Ordinary Portland cement, Japan, which led to development of Self Compacting
fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, fly ash as a concrete in the year 1988. Ozawa et al from Tokyo
mineral admixture and Master Glenium SKY 8630 as a University formed a committee to further investigate about
combination of super plasticizer and viscosity modifying Self Compacting concrete. The main of his study is to find
agent. Various trail mixes have been done to satisfy the out the workable properties for Self Compacting concrete. In
workable properties of SCC. The fresh properties of self- 1988 prototype Self Compacting Concrete was completed
compacting concrete such as slump flow test, slump flow satisfying various properties. After completion of this usable
T50cm test and L-Box test were conducted and checked work it was named as “Self Compacting Concrete”. Later a
against EFNARC guidelines. Further, compressive strength society developed guide lines for the use of Self Compacting
test at the age of 7 and 28 days, split tensile strength test concrete which covers important topics such as material
and flexural strength test at the age of 28 days is selection, workability of concrete etc.
determined for Self-compacting concrete.
Key words: - Self compacting concrete, strength, durability, II. LITERATURE REVIEWS
EFNARC, mineral admixture Reena K and Mallesh M did an investigation on the
experimental studies on M20 self compacting concrete. In
I. INTRODUCTION this study Nan Su mix design was followed by modifying the
1. SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE Nan Su coefficient to attain M20 grade self compacting
Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a special concrete of concrete. In this current work an immense selection of Self
high performance which has excellent deformability in the compacting concrete has been grown using fly ash as a
fresh state and high resistance to segregation and can be mineral admixture with replacement in Portland cement of
placed and compacted under its self-weight without any 43 grade. Slump flow, V-funnel, L-Box, U-Box tests have
vibration. In SCC durability was the main concept and the been done and the fresh properties acquired are confirmed
purpose was to develop a concrete mix that would eliminate against EFNARC guidelines. Compressive strength test have
the need for vibration to achieve compaction. Self- also been done for the mixes at the age of 7 and 28 days of
Compacting Concrete can achieve the above mentioned curing. It is seen that for Nan-Su coefficient, C=11f1c the
characteristics by its unique fresh properties viz; M20 grade self compacting concrete mix is satisfied.
 Filling ability Self compacting concrete specimens have been casted for 7
 Passing ability days and 28 days compressive strength of cube size 15cm
 Resistance to segregation x15cmx15cm which has contents of Cement, Fine aggregate,
Unlike the conventional concrete, self- compacting concrete Coarse aggregate, Fly Ash and super plasticizer taken in mix
doesn't require compacting using external force from proportion of 1: 4.41: 3.24: 0.7: 0.905.
mechanical equipment such as an immersion vibrator; instead As Nan-Su‟s co-efficient increases, the water cement ratio
SCC is designed in such as way that it gets compacted using and the cement content get increased. As the water cement
its own weight and characteristics. ratio increases, the flow ability of

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 6, February-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

the concrete also get increased. And also if Nan-Su‟s co- combustion of coal. Fly ash also reduces pollution when
efficient increases, the quantity of filler material per m3 gets compared with cement. Low heat of hydration is produced
lower. As the filler material decreased, strength get increased. by adding mineral admixtures like fly ash. The amount of fly
From this investigation it was concluded that Nan-Su‟s ash used in this experimental work is 10%, 20%, 30%
method of mix design is also applicable for lower grade of replacement by weight of cement. Adding of fly ash by more
SCC. than 40% reduces concrete permeability Adding of mineral
admixtures like fly ash, GGBS etc, enhances deformability
N R Gaywala, D B Raijiwala did an investigation on Self and also increases the cohesiveness of the paste and stability
compacting concrete – A concrete of next decade. In this of Self Compacting Concrete. Also adding of fly ash
current investigation the research on discrete hardened enhances the workability properties. The reason fly ash
properties of Self Compacting Concrete utilizing the added to Self Compacting Concrete is that it reduces the
Ordinary Portland Cement and low-calcium fly ash as binder super plasticizer dosage, reduces the risk of blocking and
material. The hardened properties like compressive strength improves the permeability of concrete.
are investigated in experimental work and are compared with Fine aggregate:
M25 grade of concrete. In this paper they didn’t followed any Fine aggregate content is more in SCC. The shape and size
mix design. The proportion was taken by trial and error of aggregate plays an important role in self-compacting
approach. After 13 to 14 trials they decided the mix concrete. The specified size of fine aggregate used in
proportion and replacement of cement with fly ash is done in EFNARC guide lines is 125microns but here we used 600
different percentages. micron size. In this work zone 3 fine aggregate is used. IS
Mix-1: 85.0% cement and 15.0% fly ash 383:1970 code of practice is followed.
Mix-2: 75.0% cement and 25.0% fly ash The sand used for the experimental programme was locally
Mix-3: 65.0% cement and 35.0% fly ash procured and conformed to Indian Standard Specifications
Mix-4: 55.0% cement and 45.0% fly ash IS: 383-1970. The sand was first sieved through 4.75 mm
Mix-5: 45.0% cement and 55.0% fly ash sieve to remove any particles greater than 4.75 mm and then
The maximum compressive strength, split tensile strength, was washed to remove the dust. Properties of the fine
Flexural strength and pull out strength for self-compacting aggregate used in the experimental work are tabulated in
concrete have been obtained by addition of 15% of fly ash in Table. The aggregates were sieved through a set of sieves to
mix as compared to addition of 25%, 35%, 45% and 55% obtain sieve analysis and the same is presented in Table. The
cement replacement by fly ash. SCC gives better durability fine aggregates belonged to grading zone III.
results as compared to conventional concrete. M25 grade of Table-3.2:Physical Properties of fine aggregates
concrete and Mix-3 (35% fly ash) compressive strength, Sr. No. Characteristics Value
tensile strength, flexural strength and pull out strength results 1. Specific gravity 2.46
are nearer so in construction of heavily congested 2. Bulk density 1.4 kg/m3
reinforcement structures and high rise buildings, so this mix 3. Fineness modulus 2.56 m2/g
proportion can be adopted. 4. Water absorption 0.85 %
5. Grading Zone (Based Zone III
III. MATERIALS on percentage passing
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement of grade 53 is used in 0.60 mm)
the present experimental work. The cement used is tested for Table-3.3: Sieve analysis of fine aggregates
Bulk density, specific gravity, Fineness, consistency, initial
and final setting time and is confirmed to various
specifications of IS 12269-1987. The powder (cement +
mineral admixtures) content in Self Compacting Concrete is
more when compared with conventional concrete.
TABLE-3.1Physical properties of 53 grade ordinary Portland
cement
Test units requirement
Fineness m2/kg 225
Setting time min 30
- initial
Final min 600
Soundness – mm 10
le-chatelier
method

Fly ash:
The fly ash used in this SCC is from Vijayawada thermal
power station. It is a waste product, generated by the

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 6, February-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

Total weight taken = 1000gm admixture allows the concrete mix to achieve both self
Fineness Modulus of sand = 2.56 compacting properties and concrete stability. It is not only a
super plasticizer but also contains viscosity modifying agent.
Coarse aggregate: Improves adhesion to reinforcement and increases durability.
In this SCC small sized and limited coarse aggregates should It has disparate chemical structure when compared with other
be used .The sizes of coarse aggregate used in this mix were traditional super plasticizers.
10mm, 12.5mm and 20mm. More than 20mm size aggregates Physical properties of Master Glenium
are restricted due to blockage while passing of aggregate. Sky 8630
However investigations are being done for bigger size
aggregates. IS 383:1970 code of practice is followed.
The material which is retained on IS sieve no. 4.75 is termed
as a coarse aggregate. The crushed stone is generally used as
a coarse aggregate. The nature of work decides the maximum
size of the coarse aggregate. Locally available coarse
aggregate having the maximum size of 10 mm was used in
our work. The aggregates were washed to remove dust and
dirt and were dried to surface dry condition. The aggregates
were tested as per IS: 3831970. The results of various tests
conducted on coarse aggregate are given in Table 3.5 and
Table 3.6 shows the sieve analysis results.
Table-3.4: Physical Properties of C.A
Sr. No Characteristics Value Typical range of Self Compacting Concrete by weight
1 Type Crushed
2 Specific Gravity 2.66
3 Total Water Absorption 0.56
4 Fineness Modulus 6.83

Table-3.5: Sieve Analysis of C.A.

S Sieve Mass Percent Cumulati Perce
r. Size Retai age ve nt
N ned in Retaine Percenta Passi
o gm d ge ng
. Retained

1 20 mm 0 0 0 100 Material properties

Properties of Materials
2 10 mm 2516 83.89 83.87 16.13
3 4.75 474 15.8 99.67 0.33
mm
4 PAN 10 0.33 £=
183.54
Total weight taken = 3Kg
FM of Coarse aggregate = [183.54+500] / 100 = 6.83.
Water:
Water used was fresh, colorless, and tasteless. Portable water
free from organic compound is used in this experiment.
Super plasticizer:
Chemical admixture used is Master Glenium SKY 8630 as a
combination of super plasticizer and viscosity modifying
agent. By adding super plasticizer self compactability and
requirements for filling ability and passing ability can be Design of concrete mix
achieved. It also have high influence on filling ability and As there is no specified mix design in this paper we followed
segregation resistance. It reduces the total amount of water IS 10262(2009) code book using EFNARC guide lines.
content required to produce self compacting concrete. Assumed a constant w/c = 0.5 for all mixes.
Why Master Glenium SKY 8630? Selection of water content:
Master Glenium sky 8630 contains low alkali and it is free of From table 2 of IS 10262(2009), maximum water content for
chloride. It is a new generation based modified 10mm aggregate = 208 liters
polycarboxylic ether. The unique formulation of this For 300mm slump = 208 + (30/100) ×208 = 270 liters

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 6, February-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

Based on trails with super plasticizer, arrived water content TABLE -3.7
= 270×0.8
= 216 liters
Calculation of cement content:
Water-cement ratio = 0.5
Cement content = 216/0.50 = 432 kg/m3
Mix Calculations:
The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as
follows:-
Volume of concrete = 1 m3
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 1
Volume of Cement = ×
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 1000
432 1
= ×
3.15 1000
= 0.137 m3
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 1
Volume of water = ×
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 1000
216 1
= ×
1 1000
= 0.216 m3
Volume of all aggregates = 1- (0.1327+ 0.216)
= 0.647 m3
Mass of Fine aggregate = 0.647×0.55×2.61×1000
= 928 kg
Mass of Coarse aggregate = 0.647×0.45×2.72×1000
= 792 kg
Mix proportions for trail number 1
Cement = 432 kg/m3
Water = 216 kg/m3
Fine aggregate = 928 kg/m3
Coarse aggregate = 792 kg/m3 4. Mixing of concrete
Cement: F.A: C.A = 1 : 2.1: 1.8 The mixer should first be kept clean and in wet condition.
The coarse and fine aggregates are put into the mixer and
Mix Proportions: mixed for 1 minute. Next the cement and fly ash were added
TABLE-3.6 Fine and Coarse Aggregate together with water and mixed for other 2 minutes. Finally
super plasticizer was added. The total mixing should not
exceed 15minutes from the time coarse and fine aggregates
added to the mixer.

Fig 1: MIXING CONCRETE

Workability tests
A self compacting concrete is said to have good workability
when it has an ability to compact by its own weight,
transported and placed in the site. It is the property
Workability is a property of freshly mixed concrete.
Improper Workability effects strength and durability and also
appearance. Various test methods have been done to satisfy

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 6, February-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

fresh properties of SCC. In the present work Slump flow,

T50cm slump flow, L-box and Sieve segregation tests were
conducted.
1. Slump flow test (filling ability)
2. T Slump Flow (viscosity)
50cm
3. L-box test (passing ability)

Fig 5 : Curing of Specimens

IV. RESULTS
Fig 2 : Slump flow and T 50cm test In this chapter, the parameters of fresh concrete like slump
flow, slump flow T50cm, L-box and hardened concrete tests
like compressive, split and flexural strengths are determined.
The results are presented and graphs are drawn for various
strengths and aggregate sizes.

WORKABILITY RESULTS
Workability tests like slump flow, Slump flow T50cm and L-
box tests are conducted. Fly ash is added as a replacement
for cement and different percentages of fly ash were tested.
Fig 3 : L – Box Test All the mixes satisfied the workability limits.

TABLE-4.1 Workability test results

Fig 4:Casting of Specimens

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 6, February-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

compressive strength decreases but later 28 days and after

Graph showing slump flow further days compressive strength increases gradually.
results
Graph showing compressive strength
700 results for 10mm size aggregate
slump flow values

650

Compressive strength N/mm2

600
550 40
0% 10% 20% 30% 30

Age (days)
20
Percentage of fly ash
10
10mm 12.5mm 20mm 0
7 days
0% 10% 20% 30%
From the graph it is shown that when fly ash percentage
increases slump flow increases but when size of aggregate
increases then slump flow decreases. Adding of fly ash Percentage of Fly ash
improves workbality.

Graph showing Slump flow T50cm Graph showing compressive strength

results
results for 12.5mm aggregate
Slump flow T50cm values

6
Compressive strength N/mm2

4
50
2
40

Age (days)
0 30
0% 10% 20% 30% 20
10
Percentage of Fly ash 0 7 days
0% 10% 20% 30%
10mm 12.5mm 20mm
Percentage of Fly ash
From the graph it is shown that by the increase in aggregate
size, the time for slump flow T50cm decreases. But by
increase in fly ash percentage the fineness of the mix
increases and time for slump flow T50cm increases

Graph showing L-box test results Graph showing compressive

strength results for 20mm size
aggregate
L-Box test values

1
0.95
0.9
Compressive strength N/mm2

0.85
0.8
50
0.75
0.7 40
Age (days)

0% 10% 20% 30% 30

20
Percentage of Fly ash 10
0 7 days
10mm 12.5mm 20mm
0% 10% 20% 30%
HARDENED CONCRETE
RESULTS: Compressive strength results Percentage of Fly ash
The cubes are tested are for 7 days and 28 days compressive
strength. When fly ash replacement increases, the 7 days

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 6, February-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

TABLE -4.2 Compressive Strength test results for 7 and 28 V. CONCLUSIONS

days 1.From the analysis it is concluded that partial replacement
of ordinary Portland cement with fly ash does not affect the
properties of fresh concrete to perform as Self Compacting
Concrete.
2.Adding of Fly ash resulted in a decrease of super
plasticizer content putting the workability as the same.
3.It is expected that durability properties of fly ash will be
improved at later ages.
4.As there is no specific mix design for SCC, the mix
design can be done in any method and required adjustments
can be done as per EFNARC guide lines.
5.By this experiment it is known that mixing of 10mm and
12.5mm aggregate is more flowable than 20mm size
aggregate.
6.By using different sizes of aggregate increases the strength
of SCC.

SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK:

This investigation can be extended to different concrete
mixes with different chemical as well as mineral admixtures.

REFERENCES
[1] EFNARC (The European Federation of Specialist
Construction Chemicals and Concrete Systems),
The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting
Concrete, May 2005.
[2] Paratibha aggarwal,Rafat siddique,
TABLE-4.3 Split Tensile strength test results for 28 days Yogesh aggarwal, Surinder m gupta, Self-
Compacting Concrete - Procedure for Mix Design
[3] VIPUL KUMAR, Study of Mix Design of Self
Compacting Concrete, International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | Aug-2015
[4] Mallesh M, Shwetha G C, Reena K, Madhukaran,
Experimental Studies on M30 Grade Self
Compacting Concrete, International Journal of
Science, Engineering and Technology Research
(IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 9, September 2015.
[5] Reena K , Mallesh M, EXPERIMENTAL
STUDIES ON M20 SELF COMPACTING
TABLE-4.4 Flexural Strength test results for 28 days CONCRETE, International Journal of Advanced
Technology in Engineering and Science Volume
No.02, Issue No. 09, September 2014
[6] Mallesh.M , Sharanabasava, Reena.K ,
Madhukaran, Experimental Studies on M 25 Grade
of Self Compacting Concrete, International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET), Volume: 02 Issue: 06 | Sep -2015.
[7] Mallesh M., Praveen S, Reena K, H. Eramma,
Experimental Studies on M35 Grade Self
Compacting Concrete, International Journal of
Science, Engineering and Technology Research
(IJSETR), Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2015.
[8] S. M. Dumne, Effect of Super plasticizer on Fresh
and Hardened Properties of Self-Compacting
Concrete Containing Fly Ash, American Journal of
Engineering Research (AJER),Volume-03, Issue-
03, pp-205-211.

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International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 6, February-2018 ISSN (Online): 2347 - 4718

[9] N R Gaywala, D B Raijiwala, SELF

COMPACTING CONCRETE: A CONCRETE OF
NEXT DECADE, Journal of Engineering Research
and Studies E-ISSN0976-7916.
[10] B.H.V. Pai, M. Nandy, A. Krishnamoorthy,
P.K.Sarkar, Philip George, Comparative study of
Self Compacting Concrete mixes containing Fly
Ash and Rice Husk Ash,

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