KARNATAKA STATE WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY, BIJAPUR

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

The syllabus of Semester system in Mathematics for B.A. / B.Sc. Degree Course

1. The following table shows the details of number of teaching hours, number of Hours
for problem solving, pattern of examination and allotment of marks for each
semester.

Semesters Semester
B.A./ B.Sc Degree Course Standards
I, II, III & IV V & VI

Number of papers in Each

2 3
Semester

Teaching Hours Per Paper Per a) Teaching 4 Hours 4 Hours

Week
b) Problem solving 1 Hour 1 Hour

Total (a+b) 5 Hours 5 Hours

Examination pattern in each Duration of Examination 3 Hours 3 Hours

paper in each semester

i) Examination marks a) Maximum 60 80

b) Minimum for pass 24 32

ii) Internal Assessment a) Maximum 15 20

marks

b) Minimum for pass -- --

iii) Total Marks a) Maximum 75 100

b) Minimum for pass 30 40

2. Internal assessment marks in each paper shall be awarded by the concerned course
teacher based on the two class tests each of one-hour duration conducted during
the semester.

3. The internal assessment marks awarded shall be carried on for the repeated
examinations.

4. The maximum strength of each semester for each section be restricted to SIXTY
students.

5. Problem solving classes be conducted in batches of not more than 20 students in

each batch.

1
 B.Sc. DEGREE
COURSE STRUCTURE FOR MATHEMATICS SUBJECT
[Duration 6 Semesters (3 Years)]

SEMESTER-I

Paper No. Paper Title Content of Topics

Mathematical Logic
1.1 Algebra-I Elements of Set Theory
Matrices
Limits & Continuity
Successive Differentiation
1.2 Calculus-I
Polar Coordinates
Theory of Plane Curves

SEMESTER-II

Paper No. Paper Title Content of Topics

Theory of Equations
2.1 Algebra-II Sequences
Infinite Series
Integral Calculus
2.2 Calculus-II Application of Integral Calculus
Functions of Two & Three Variables

SEMESTER-III

Paper No. Paper Title Content of Topics

Vector Algebra and Vector Algebra and Analytical Solid Geometry
3.1 Analytical Solid
Geometry
Differentiability
3.2 Real Analysis Reimann Integration
Line & Multiple Integration

2
 SEMESTER-IV

Paper No. Paper Title Content of Topics

4.1 Algebra-III Abstract Algebra & Linear Algebra
4.2 Differential Equations-I Ordinary Differential Equations

SEMESTER-V

Paper No. Paper Title Content of Topics

Vector Analysis & Vector Analysis, Fourier Series and Laplace
5.1
Laplace Transform Transforms
Series Solution
5.2 Differential Equations-II
Partial Differential Equations
5.3 Optional-I

SEMESTER-VI

Paper No. Paper Title Content of Topics

6.1 Numerical Analysis Numerical Analysis
6.2 Complex Analysis Complex Analysis and Improper Integrals
6.3 Optional-II
Students have to select ONE of the optional papers listed below during V Semester and
corresponding paper during VI Semester (depending upon the teaching staff available and
infrastructure available in the college).
Optionals for Fifth Semester:
 5.3(a) Mechanics-I
 5.3(b) Graph Theory-I
Optionals for Sixth Semester:
 6.3(a) Mechanics-II
 6.3(b) Graph Theory-II

3
 PAPER 1.1: ALGEBRA-I

Mathematical Logic:
Revision of symbolic logic of simple and compound propositions, tautology,
contradiction, valid arguments, the structure of mathematical systems. Direct
and indirect proofs. Disproof by a counter example. Quantifiers, universal
quantifiers, existential quantifiers and negation containing quantifiers. 10 Hrs

Elements of Set Theory:

Existence of inverse of a function and properties of inverse functions.
Composition of functions. Associativity of inverse of composition. Countable and
uncountable sets. 5 Hrs

Matrices:

Recapitulation of matrix algebra, rank of matrix, elementary operations,

equivalent matrices, invariance of rank under elementary operation, inverse of a
non-singular matrix by elementary operations.

System of m-linear equations in n unknowns, matrices associated with linear

equation, criterion for existence of non-trivial solution of homogeneous and non-
homogeneous system, criterion for uniqueness of solutions.

Eigen values and eigen vectors of a square matrix upto third order standard
properties, Cayley-Hamilton theorem – Applications. 30 Hrs

References:

1. F.J. Noronha, et al: Introduction to Mathematical Logic, (Bangalore University

Publication).

2. F.Ayres: Matrices (Schaum Publishing Co.)

3. Y.F. Line and S.Y. Lio: Set Theory, Intuitive Approach (Houghton Mifflin Co.)

4. S.Lipschutz: Set Theory & Related Topics (Schaum Publishing Co.)

5. Rudraiah et al: College Mathematics, Vol. I, (Sapna, Bangalore).

6. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. I (Part-I), S.Chand & Co. Ltd.

4
 PAPER 1.2: CALCULUS-I

Limits & Continuity:

Recapitulations, algebra of continuous functions. Properties of continuous
functions, differentiability, Rules of differentiation. 04 Hrs

Successive Differentiation:
nth derivative of the functions (ax+b)m, log (ax+b), eax, sin (ax+b), cos (ax+b),
eax sin (bx+c), eax cos (bx+c), Leibnitz theorem and applications. 06 Hrs

Polar Coordinates:
Angle between the radius vector and the tangent. Angle of intersection of curves
(polar form). Perpendicular from pole on to the tangent. Pedal equations.
Derivative of an arc in Cartesian & parametric and polar forms 10 Hrs

Theory of Plane Curves:

Points of inflection, concavity and convexity of curves. Curvature of plane
curves. Formula for radius of curvature in Cartesian, parametric, polar and pedal
form. Centre of curvature, evolutes and involutes. Envelopes, asymptotes,
singular points, cusp, node and conjugate points. Tracing of standard curves in
Cartesian, parametric and polar forms (cissoid, strophoid, Astroid, Folium of
Descaries, Cycloid & Cardiod). 25 Hrs

References:

1. Shanthi Narayan: Differential Calculus (S.Chand & Co.).

2. Murray R. Spiegel: Advanced Calculus (Schaum Series).

3. L.Bers: Calculus, Vol. I & II (IBM).

4. Rudraiah et al, College Mathematics, Vol. I, (Sapna, Bangalore)

5. F.Ayres Jr: Calculus, Schaum Series.

6. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. I (Part-II), S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

5
 PAPER 2.1: ALGEBRA-II

Theory of Equations:
Relation between the roots and coefficients of general polynomial equation in
one variable. Transformations of equations. Descartes’ rule of signs. Solutions
of equations for multiple roots (Cardons method). 15 hrs

Sequences:
Sequences, sub-sequences, bounded and unbounded sequences. Convergence
and divergence of sequences and subsequences, monotonic sequences, algebra
of convergent sequences, limit superior and limit inferior of sequences, limit
points as limit of convergent, subsequences. Cauchy sequences, Cauchy’s
criterion for convergence. 15 hrs

Infinite Series:
Oscillation of series, properties of convergent series, properties of series of
positive terms, geometric series, harmonic series. Test for convergence of
series: p-series, comparison test, Cauchy’s root test, D’Alemberts’ ratio test,
Raabe’s test, absolute and conditional convergence, D’Alembert’s test for
absolute convergence – Alternating series, Leibnitz’s test. 15 hrs

References:

1. Uspenskey: Theory of Equations.

2. C.C.Macduffee: Theory of Equations (John Wiley).

3. Ray & Sharma: Higher Algebra (S.Chand & Co.)

4. Burnside and Porton: Theory of Equations (S.Chand & Co.)

5. S.C.Malik: Mathematical Analysis (Wiley-Eastern).

6. Earl D.Rainville: Infinite Series, McMillan Co.

7. OE Stanaitis: An Introduction to Sequences, Series and Improper Integrals,

Holdan-Dey Inc.

8. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. I, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

6
 PAPER 2.2: CALCULUS-II

Integral Calculus:
Recapitulation of definition of integration. Integrals of algebraic, trigonometric,
rational and irrational functions. Definite integrals. Definite integral as limit of
sum with examples. Standard reduction formulae
( sinmx dx,  cosm xdx,  tanm xdx,  cotm xdx,  Secm xdx,  cosecm xdx,
 sinm cosn x dx) with examples

Applications of Integral Calculus:

Computation of areas, surface areas and volumes of solids of revolution.
Lengths of arcs for standard curves in Cartesian and polar forms. 30 hrs

Functions of Two and Three Variables:

Continuity, partial derivatives, Euler’s theorem for homogeneous functions (2-
variables). Maxima and minima of functions of two variables. Total derivative.
Total differential, differentiation of implicit functions. Change of variables.
Dependent and independent functions. Jacobian’s properties and functional
relations. 15 hrs

References:

1. Shanthi Narayan: Integral Calculus (S.Chand & Co.).

2. Murray R. Spiegel: Advanced Calculus (Schaum Series).

3. L.Bers: Calculus, Vol. I & II (IBM).

4. Shanti Narayan: Differential Calculus (S.Chand & Co.).

5. Rudraiah et al: College Mathematics, (Sapna, Bangalore).

6. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. I, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

7
 PAPER 3.1: VECTOR ALGEBRA AND ANALYTICAL SOLID GEOMETRY

Vector Algebra:
Recapitulation of vector algebra. Vector triple product. Product of four vectors.
Reciprocal vectors. 10 hrs

Analytical Solid Geometry:

Cartesian coordinates in three-dimensional space. Relation between Cartesian
coordinates and position vectors. Distance and division formulae (in vector and
Cartesian form). Direction cosines of a line (as components of a unit vector).
Direction ratios of the join of two points. Projection on a straight line (vector
and Cartesian form), angle between two lines (dot product and Cartesian forms).
Area of a triangle and volume of a tetrahedron with given vertices (vector and
Cartesian forms).
     
Equation of a plane in the form: (i) (r  a) n̂  0 (ii) r  c  la  mb

      

(iii) r  a b  a c  a  0 and their Cartesian equivalence.
Plane through three
  
points. Angle between planes. Equation of plane in the form (i) r  a  b ;
  
(ii) r  [1  t] a  tb and their equivalent Cartesian forms. Angle between line and
plane (vector and Cartesian forms). Condition for a line to lie in a plane (vector
and Cartesian forms). Planes coaxial with given planes. Equation of the line of
intersection of two planes. Perpendicular distance of a point from a line and
plane. Planes bisecting the angle between two given planes co-planarity of two
lines. Shortest distance between two lines (all these results are to be obtained in
both vector and Cartesian forms). 35 hrs

References:

1. S.L.Loney: Coordinate Geometry, Part-I (MacMillan)

2. Shanti Narayan: Elements of Analytical Solid Geometry (S.Chand & Co.)

3. Khanna M.L.: Analytical Solid Geometry.

4. Bill R.J.T.: Coordinate Geometry of 3-Dimensions, McMillan India.

5. Spiegel M.R.: Vector Analysis (Schaum Series).

6. Shanti Narayan: Vector Algebra and Linear Algebra (S.Chand & Co.)

7. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. II, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

8
 PAPER 3.2: REAL ANALYSIS

Differentiability:
Rolle’s theorem, Lagrange’s and Cauchy’s mean value theorem. Taylor’s
theorem with Lagrange’s form of the remainder. Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series.
Problems on transcendental functions. Indeterminate forms, L’Hospital rules. 15 Hrs

Reimann Integration:
Recapitulation of real number system, postulates and their consequences,
inequalities and absolute values, lower and upper bounds.
The upper and lower sums, necessary and sufficient conditions for integrability.
Algebra of integrable functions. Intergrability of continuous and monotonic
functions. Fundamental theorem of calculus, change of variables. Integration by
parts. The first and second mean value theorems of integral calculus. 10 Hrs

Line and Multiple Integrals:

Definitions of a line integral, basic properties. Examples on evaluation of line
integrals. Examples on differentiation under integral sign and integration under
differential sign.
Definitions of double integral: its conversion to iterated integrals. Evaluation of
double integrals (i) under given limits (ii) in regions bounded by given curve –
change of variables. Surface areas as double integrals.
Definition of a triple integral and evaluation. Change of variables. Volume as a
triple integrals. 20 Hrs

References:

1. Shanti Narayan: Differential Calculus (S.Chand & Co.)

2. Murray R. Spiegel: Advanced Calculus (Schaum’s Series).

3. Sokoilnikoff I.S.: Advanced Calculus (McGraw Hill).

4. S.C.Malik: Mathematical Analysis (Wiley-Eastern)

5. Sharma and Vasistha: Real Analysis (Krishna Prakashan Mandir, Meerut).

6. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. II, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

9
 PAPER 4.1: ALGEBRA-III

Abstract Algebra:
Cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s, Fermat’s and Eular’s thermos. Normal sub-groups,
Homorphism, Kernel of Homorphism, fundamental theorem of Homomorphism,
Isomorphism. Permutation groups, rings, sub-rings, Integral domains, fields and their
simple properties with examples.
Linear Algebra:
Vector space examples Including Rn and Cn. Properties of vector space: Sub-
spaces. Criteria for a subset to be a subspace. Linear combination concepts of
linearly independent and dependent subsets. Basis and dimension of a vector
space and standard results related to a basis. Examples illustrating concept and
results (with emphasis on R3). Linear transformations: Properties of linear
transformations, matrix of a linear transformation, change of basis, range and
Kernel of a linear transformation, rank nullity theorem. 25 hrs

References:
1. Herstein I.N.: Topics in Algebra (Vikas)
2. Fraleigh J.B.: A first course in Abstract Algebra (Addison – Wesley).
3. Lipschitz S.: Linear Algebra (Schaum Series).
4. Shepherd G.C.: Vector space of Finite Dimension (Oliver and Boyed).
5. N.Jacobson: Basic Algebra, Vol. I & II, Hindustan Pub. Co.
6. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. II, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

10
 PAPER 4.2: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS-I

Formation of differential equations, equations of first order and first degree

(Homogeneous, Non- Homogeneous, exact, Non –Exact, Linear, Non- Linear)
equations of first order and higher degree equations, solvable for p, x, y.
Clairaut’s equations. Singular solutions. Linear equation with nth order and
constant coefficients. Particular integral when RHS is of the form eax, xn sin ax,
cos ax, eax V, xV where V is a function of x. Cauchy Euler differential equations
of order two. Simultaneous differential equations (two variables) with constant
coefficients. Solution of ordinary second order linear differential equations by the
following methods:
1. When a part of complementary function is given
2. Changing the independent variable
3. Changing the dependent variable.
4. When a first integral is given (exact equation).
5. Variation of parameters 45 hrs

References:
1. Daniel Murray: Introductory Course in Differential Equations (Orient Longman).
2. Chorlton F: Ordinary Differential & Difference Equations (Van Norstrand).
3. Ayres F: Differential Equations (Schaum’s Series).
4. Simmons G.F.: Differential Equations (T.M.H.)
5. Pisggio H.T.H.: Differential Equations (Orient Longmans)
6. Willim E. Boyce and Richard C.Diprima: Elementary Differential Equations and
BVP (John Wiley & Sons).
7. Rudraiah et al: College Mathematics, Vol. I & II, (Sapna, Bangalore).
8. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. II, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

11
 PAPER 5.1: VECTOR ANALYSIS AND LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

Vector Analysis:
Scalar field, gradient of a scalar field, geometrical meaning, directional
derivatives. Vector field, divergence and curl of a vector field. Solenoidal and
irrotational fields. Laplacian of a scalar field. Vector identities. Expressions for
 
, div f and curl f in orthogonal, curvilinear coordinates and specialization to
Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical coordinates. Greens, Gauss and Stokes
theorems (Statements only) simple examples. 15 hrs

Fourier Series:
Periodic functions. Fourier series of functions with period 2 and period 2L. Half
range cosine and sine series. 10 hrs

Laplace Transform:
Definition and basic properties. Laplace transform of some common functions.
Laplace transforms of the derivatives and the integral of a function. Laplace
transform of the Heaviside and Dirac delta function – Convolution theorem.
Inverse Laplace transforms: Application to ordinary linear differential equation of
first and second order with constant coefficients. 20 hrs

References:
1. Murray R, Spiegel L: Vector Analysis (Schaum Series).
2. Spain B: Vector Analysis (ELBS)
3. Murray R, Spiegel L: Laplace Transforms (Schaum Series).
4. Spain B and Smith M.G.: Functions of Mathematical Physics (Van-Norstrand).
5. Churchill RV and Brown JW: Fourier Series & Boundary Value Problems
(McGraw Hill).
6. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. III, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

12
 PAPER 5.2: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS-II

Series Solution:
Legendre differential equation. Legendre polynomails Pn (x) as a solution,
Rodrigue’s formula, generating polynomials theorem, orthogonal property and
basic recurrence relations. Bessel differential equation. Bessel function Jn(x) as
a solution – generation formula – integral formula for Jn (x): orthogonal property.
Basic recurrence relations – problems there on.

Total Differential Equation:

Necessary condition for the equation Pdx+Qdy+Rdz=0 to integral – problems
dx dy dz
there on. Solution of equation of the form = = .
P Q R

Partial Differential Equations:

Formation of partial differential equations, Lagrange’s linear equations
Pp+Qq=R. Standard types of first order linear partial differential equations and
equations reducible to standard form. Charpit’s method. 45 hrs

References:
1. Boyce and Diprima Elementary Differential Equations and BVP (John Wiley &
Sons).
2. Simmons G.F.: Differential Equations (TMH).
3. Cholton F.: Ordinary Differential Equations (Von-Norstand).
4. Ayres F.: Differential Equations (Schaum Series)
5. Ian N.Sneddan: Elements of Partial Differential Equations, McGraw Hill.
6. Stephenson G: An introduction to Partial Differential Equations (ELBS).
7. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. III, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

13
 PAPER 6.1: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Errors: Classification of errors (absolute, rounding, relative and percentage

errors). Relations connecting the errors with illustrations.
Solution of non-linear equations: method of successive bisection, method of false
position, Newton-Raphson’s iterative method, the secant method.
Solution of system of equations: Gauss elimination method, Jacobi method,
Gauss-Seidel method.
Finite Differences: Definition and properties of ,  and E and relations between
them. The nth differences of a polynomial.
Interpolation: Newton-Gregory forward and backward interpolation formulae,
Lagrange’s and Newton’s interpolation formula for unequal intervals, inverse
interpolation.
Numerical differentiation using forward and backward difference formulae.
Computation of first and second derivatives.
Numerical integration: General Quadrature formula. Trapezoidal rule, Simpsons
1/3rd and 3/8th rules, Weddles rule, Problems thereon. Solution of initial value
problem for ordinary linear first order differential equations by Picard’s, Taylor’s,
Euler’s and Euler’s modified method and Fourth Order Runge – Kutta Methods. 45 Hrs

References:
1. Scheild P: Numerical Analysis (Schaum Series)
2. Sastry S.S.: Numerical Analysis (Prentice Hall of India).
3. Rajaram V.: Computer Oriented Numerical Method (Prentice Hall of India).
4. Balaguruswamy E.: Numerical Methods (Tata McGraw Hill).
5. M.K.Jain, S.R.K. Iyangar and R.K. Jain: Numerical Methods (New Age Int.)
6. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. III, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

14
 PAPER 6.2: COMPLEX ANALYSIS AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS

Trigonometry:
Expression of sine and cosines using De-Moiver’s theorem. Series of sines and
cosines. Hyperbolic functions. Logarithm of a complex number (Simple
examples) Summation of trigonometric series (simple problems). 10 hrs

Complex Analysis:
Recapitulation of Complex numbers, the complex plane, conjugate and modulus
of a complex number. The polar form, geometrical representation, Euler’s
formula ei = cos  + i sin . Functions of complex variables: Limit, continuity
and differentiability.
Analytic functions, Cauchy-Reimann equations in Cartesian and polar forms.
Sufficient conditions for analyticity (in Cartesian form). Real and imaginary parts
of analytic function which are harmonic. Construction of analytic function, given
real and imaginary parts.
The complex line integral: Examples and properties (definitions of the concepts
like neighborhood of a point, closed contour, etc. at appropriate places should be
mentioned).
Cauchy integral theorem (statement) and its consequences. The Cauchy’s
integral formulae for the function and derivatives. Applications to the evaluation
of simple line integrals. Cauchy’s inequality. Liouille’s theorem-Fundamental
theorem of algebra Residue theorem with examples. 20 hrs

Improper Integrals:
Improper integrals of the first and second kinds. Convergence-Gamma and Beta
functions, normal probability integral and error functions, results following the
definitions – connection between two functions, applications to evaluation of
integrals. Duplication formulae, Sterling formulae (Statements). 15 hrs

References:
1. Churchill R.V.: Introduction to Complex Variables and Applications (McGraw Hill).
2. Murray R. Spiegel: Complex Variables (Schaum Series).
3. Choudhary B.: The Elements of Complex Analysis (Wiley Eastern).
4. L.V. Ahifors: Complex Analysis (McGraw Hill).
5. Murray R.Spiegel: Advanced Calculus (Schaum Series).
6. Sokoilnikoff I.S.: Advanced Calculus (McGraw Hill).
7. G.K.Ranganath: College Mathematics, Vol. III, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.

15
 OPTIONALS
PAPER 5.3(a): MECHANICS-I

Dynamics of a Particle and System of Particles:

Conservation principle. Mechanics of particle-conservation of linear momentum,
angular momentum and energy. Mechanics and system of particles –
conservation of linear momentum, angular momentum and energy.
Tangential and normal components of velocity and acceleration. Constrained
motion of a particle under gravity along, inside and outside of a circle and a
cycloid. Radial and transverse compounds of velocity and acceleration. Motion
of a particle in a central force field, determination of orbit from central forces and
vice versa, Kepler’s law of planetary motion. 23 hrs

Dynamics of Rigid Bodies:

Centre of mass of a rigid body, static equilibrium of rigid body, rotation of rigid
body about a fixed axes. Moment of inertia. Laminar motion of a rigid body,
body rolling down an inclined plane. Angular momentum of a rigid body.
Product of intertia, moment of intertia of a rigid body, about an arbitrary axes,
momental ellipsoid. D’Alembert’s principle, General equation of motion of a rigid
body, motion of centre of inertia, motion relative to centre of inertia. 22 hrs

References:
1. S.L.Gupta, V.Kumar and H.V.Sharma: Classical Mechanics, Pragati Prakashan,
Meerut.
2. F.Chorlton: Textbook of Dynamics, CBS Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Murray R Spiegel: Theoretical Mechanics, Schaum Series.
4. S.L.Loney: An Elementary treatise on the dynamics of a particle and of rigid
bodies, Cambridge University Press, 1958.
5. Grant R.Fowles: Analytical Mechanics, Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc.

16
 PAPER 5.3(b): THEORY OF GRAPHS-I

Introduction, graphs, finite and null graphs. Connectedness and component,

degree of vertex, minimum and maximum degree, deg i =2. The number of
vertices of odd degree is even. Isomorphism, complete graph, line graph, total
graph. 20 hrs
Sub-graph, spanning and induced sub-graphs, walk, trail, path, cycle, the
shortest path problems, bipartite graph. Characterization of bipartite graph in
terms of its cycles. 10 hrs
Matrix representation: Incidence, adjacency, rank of a matrix, cyclic matrices,
some applications. 15 hrs

References:
1. Robin J. Wilson: Introduction to Graph Theory, Longman (London), UK.
2. Narsing Deo: Graph Theory & Applications (PHI), India.
3. Frank Harrary: Graph Theory Narosa Publications, India.

17
 PAPER 6.3(a): MECHANICS-II

Analytical Statics:
Resolution of forces in two and three-dimensions, parallelogram law, triangular
law of forces, Lamis theorem. Resultant of parallel forces, couples, moment of a
couple, Varignan’s theorem and theorem of couples.
A system of forces acting in one plane at different points of a body be reduced to
a single force through a given point and couple. A static equilibrium, General
conditions of equilibrium, common catenary. 20 hrs

Hydrostatics:
Pressure equation, condition of equilibrium, lines of force, surface of equal
pressure, pressure in fluids, centre of pressure, resultant pressure on plane and
curved surfaces.
Equilibrium of floating bodies, curves and surfaces of buoyancy, stability of
hydrostatic equilibrium of floating bodies, meta centre, work done in producing a
displacement, vessel containing liquid. 25 hrs

References:
1. S.L. Loney:Statics, McMillan & Co. London.
2. R.S. Verma: A Textbook on Statics, Pothishala Publ. Allahabad.
3. M.Ray and P.T. Chandi: Statics.
4. W.H. Besant & A.S. Ramsey: A Treatise on Hydromechanics: Part-I Hydrostatics,
ELBS & G Bell & Sons Ltd., London.

18
 PAPER 6.3(b): THEORY OF GRAPH-II

Cut vertex, bridge, block, tree, spanning tree, rooted and binary trees, forest.
Some properties of trees, characterizations and some examples. 15 hrs
Connectivity:
Vertex and edge connectivity. Separability, Whitney’s inequality K(G)(G)(G).
Menger’s theorem statement. 10 hrs
Eulerian and Hamiltonian Graphs:
Introduction. The Konigsberg Bridge (new name as Kaliningrad) problem and
travelling salesmen problem.
Characterization of Eulerian graphs and properties of Hamiltonian graphs. Some
applications of graphs in electronic network. 20 hrs

References:
1. Robin J. Wilson: Introduction to Graph Theory, Longman (London), UK.
2. Narsing Deo: Graph Theory & Applications (PHI), India.
3. Frank Harrary: Graph Theory, Narosa Publications, India.

19
 KARNATAKA STATE WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY, BIJAPUR
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Question Paper Pattern for B.Sc. Mathematics Subject

(Semester Scheme)

SEMESTER-I

Paper 1.1: Algebra-I:

Section-A Marks
Answer any Ten of the Following 10x2=20
1-3 Mathematical Logic
4-6 Elements of Set Theory
7-12 Matrices
Section-B Marks
Answer any Three of the Following 3x5=15
1-4 Mathematical Logic
Section-C Marks
Answer any One of the Following 1x5=5
1-2 Elements of Set Theory
Section-D Marks
Answer any Four of the Following 4x5=20
1-5 Matrices

Paper 1.2: Calculus-I:

Section-A Marks
Answer any Ten of the Following 10x2=20
1-2 Limit & Continuity
3 Successive Differentiation
4-6 Polar Coordinate
7-12 Theory of Plane Curves
Section-B
Answer any Four of the Following 4x5=20
1-2 Up to Successive Differentiation
3-5 Polar Coordinate

20
Section-C
Answer any Four of the following 4x5=20
1-5 Theory of Plane Curves
SEMESTER-II
Paper 2.1: Algebra-II
Section-A:
Answer any Ten of the following 10x2=20
1-4 Theory of Equation
5-8 Sequences
9-12 Infinite Series
Section-B:
Answer any Two of the following: 2x5=10
1-3 Theory of Equations
Section-C:
Answer any Three of the following: 3x5=15
1-4 Sequences
Section-D:
Answer any Three of the following: 3x5=15
1-4 Infinite Series
Paper 2.2: Calculus-II:
Section-A:
Answer any Ten of the following 2x10=20
1-4 Integral Calculus
7-9 Applications of Integral Calculus
10-12 Functions of Two and Three Variables
Section-B:
Answer any Five of the following: 5x5=25
1-3 Integration
4-6 Applications of Integral Calculus.
Section-C:
Answer any Three of the following: 5x3=15
1-4 Functions of two and three variables

21
 SEMESTER-III
Paper 3.1: Vectors and Solid Geometry
Section-A:
Answer any Ten of the following: 2x10=20
1-3 Vector Algebra
4-12 3-D Geometry
Section-B:
Answer any Two of the following: 2x5=10
1-3 Vector Algebra
Section-C:
Answer any Three of the following: 3x5=15
1-4 Portion before equation of planes
Section-D:
Answer any Three of the following: 3x5=15
1-4 Equation of Planes, etc.

Paper 3.2: Real Analysis:

Section-A:
Answer any Ten of the following: 2x10=20
1-5 Differentiability
6-8 Riemann Integration
9-12 Line and Multiple Integrals
Section-B:
Answer any Two of the following: 5x2=10
1-3 Riemann Integration (Portion from upper and lower sums)
Section-C:
Answer any Three of the following: 5x3=15
1-4 Differentiability
Section-D:
Answer any Three of the following: 5x3=15
1-4 Line & Multiple Integrals

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 SEMESTER-IV

Paper 4.1: Algebra-III

Section-A:
Answer any Ten of the following: 10x2=20
1-4 Group Theory
5-7 Rings & Others
8-12 Linear Algebra
Section-B:
Answer any Three of the following: 3x5=15
1-4 Groups
Section-C:
Answer any Two of the following: 2x5=10
1-3 Rings & Others
Section-D:
Answer any Three of the following: 3x5=15
1-4 Linear Algebra

Paper 4.2: Differential Equations-I

Section-A:
Answer any Ten of the following: 10x2=20
1-4 Ordinary Differential Equations (up to Singular Solution)
5-8 Linear Differential Equation & Cauchy Euler Equation
9-12 Second Order Linear Differential Equations
Section-B:
Answer any Three of the following: 3x5=15
1-4 Up to Singular Solution
Section-C:
Answer any Three of the following: 3x5=15
1-4 Linear Equations, Cauchy’s Euler Equation & Simultaneous differential
equations
Section-D:
Answer any Two of the following: 2x5=10
1-3 Second Order Linear Differential Equations (One on each method)

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 SEMESTER-V

Paper 5.1: Vector Analysis & Laplace Transforms:

Section-A:
Answer any Ten of the following: 10x2=20
1-4 Vector Analysis
5-7 Fourier Series
8-12 Laplace Transformation
Section-B:
Answer any Five of the following: 5x6=30
1-3 Vector Analysis
4-6 Fourier Series
Section-C:
Answer any Five of the following: 5x6=30
1-4 Laplace Transformation
5-6 Including applications

Paper 5.2: Differential Equations-II

Section-A:
Answer any Ten of the following: 10x2=20
1-5 Series Solutions
6-7 Total Differential Equations
8-12 Partial Differential Equations
Section-B:
Answer any Five of the following: 5x6=30
1-3 Series Solutions
4-6 Total Differential Equations
Section-C:
Answer any Five of the following: 5x6=30
1-6 Partial Differential Equations

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 SEMESTER-VI

Paper 6.1: Numerical Analysis:

Section-A:
Answer any Ten of the following: 10x2=20
1-4 Errors, Solution of Non-Linear Equations & System of Equations
5-7 Finite Difference, Interpolation, Numerical Differentiation
8-12 Numerical Integration, Solution of IVP.
Section-B:
Answer any Five of the following: 5x6=30
1-3 Errors, Solution of Non-linear Equations, System of Equations
4-6 Finite Differences, Interpolation
Section-C:
Answer any Five of the following: 5x6=30
1-2 Numerical Differentiation
3-4 Numerical Integration
5-6 Solution of IVP

Paper 6.2: Complex Analysis and Improper Integrals

Section-A:
Answer any Ten of the following: 10x2=20
1-4 Trigonometry
5-8 Analytic Function and Complex Line Integrals
9-12 Improper Integrals
Section-B:
Answer any Five of the following: 5x6=30
1-6 Analytic Functions, Complex Line Integrals
Section-C:
Answer any Five of the following: 5x6=30
1-2 Trigonometry
3-6 Improper Integrals

Note: Similar Pattern of Question Papers should be set for the Papers 5.3(a), 5.3(b), 6.3(a)
and 6.3(b).

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