Scribd
Upload
7K views13 pages

Physics Invstigatory Project

The document describes a physics investigatory project to determine the combined focal length of one convex and one concave lens separated by a finite distance. The student measures the individual focal lengths of the convex and concave lenses, then combines the lenses and measures the combined focal length. Using the individual focal lengths and lens separation distance, the student calculates the expected combined focal length using the lens formula and finds it matches the measured value. The conclusion is that the combined focal length of the lenses increases compared to the individual lenses.

Uploaded by

Lakshitha SK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7K views13 pages

Physics Invstigatory Project

The document describes a physics investigatory project to determine the combined focal length of one convex and one concave lens separated by a finite distance. The student measures the individual focal lengths of the convex and concave lenses, then combines the lenses and measures the combined focal length. Using the individual focal lengths and lens separation distance, the student calculates the expected combined focal length using the lens formula and finds it matches the measured value. The conclusion is that the combined focal length of the lenses increases compared to the individual lenses.

Uploaded by

Lakshitha SK
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

PHYSICS INVSTIGATORY PROJECT

To Determine The Combined Focal Length Of The


Lens System.

SUBMITTED BY:
Lakshitha S.K
CLASS:
XIi ‘B’
ROLL NO:
11
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Lakshitha S.K of Grade 12 has


successfully completed her investigatory project titled-
‘ To Determine The Combined Focal Length Of The
Lens System.’ as specified by the Central Board of
Secondary Education under All India Senior Secondary
Certificate Examination 2019-20

Signature of Internal Examiner:


Date:

Signature of External Examiner:


Date:

Page | 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project has truly been successful due to


several individuals who came into our lives as
blessings, and for them we are truly grateful.
Firstly, we would like to thank the Almighty for
continuously showering his abundant blessings on
us. Secondly, we would like to thank our family
and friends for their constant support during the
course of this project. Last but definitely not the
least; we would like to express our heartfelt
gratitude towards our physics teachers, for their
constant support and for providing such a vast
platform for us to showcase our talent.

Thank You

Page | 3
Contents

INTRODUCTION ...................................... 5

AIM ........................................................ 6
MATERIALS REQUIRED ............................. 7

PROCEDURE ............................................ 9
EXAMPLES .... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CONCLUSION .............Error! Bookmark not


defined.
BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................... 13

Page | 4
INTRODUCTION

Many Optical tasks require several lenses in order to achieve an acceptable level
of performance. One such possible approach to lens combination is to consider
each image formed by each lens as the object for the next lens and so on. This is
a valid approach, but it is time consuming and unnecessary.

In various optical instruments, two or more lenses are combined to

1. Increase the magnification of the image,


2. Make the final image erect with respect to the object,
3. Reduce certain aberrations.

It is much simpler to calculate the effective (combined) focal length and


principal point locations and then use the results in any subsequent paraxial
calculations. Two thin lenses of focal length f1 and f2 respectively which are in
close contact, the effective focal length of the combination will be given by

1/F=1/f1+1/f2

And the total magnification of the lens combination will be given by

M=m1*m2

If the lenses of focal length are separated by a finite distance d, the focal length
F of the equivalent lens is given by

1/F=1/f1+1/f2-d/f1f2

Page | 5
AIM

To determine the combined focal length of one


concave and one convex lenses separated by a
finite distance.

Page | 6
MATERIALS REQUIRED

 An optical bench with three uprights


(central upright, two outer uprights
with lateral movement)
 One convex lens
 One concave lens
 Two lens holder
 Two optical needles
 Half metre scale

Page | 7
DIAGRAM

Page | 8
PROCEDURE
1. We took one concave and one convex lens.
2. Then, we found the rough focal length of the two
lenses L1 (convex) and L2 (concave) individually
having focal lengths of f1 and f2 respectively.
3. We kept the lenses in front of the window and
obtained a sharp image of the object placed at
infinity.
4. Then we measured the distance between lenses and
the image formed with the help of scale.
5. Then we found the accurate focal length of two lenses
L1 and L2 by using the experimental setup
individually and calculated its focal length reading.
6. With left eye close, we saw with the right open eye
from the other end of the optical bench. An inverted
& enlarged image of the object needle was seen. The
tip of the image lied in the middle of the lenses.
7. Then we mounted the thick optical needle in the
fourth upright near the other end of optical bench.
8. Then the height of the object needle was adjusted
such that its tip was seen in line with the tip of the
image when seen with the right open eye.
9. We saw that the image tip and image needle have
parallax on moving the eye towards right.
10. Then we combined the two lenses together with the
help of the two lens holder and we found its accurate
combine focal length.

Page | 9
OBSERVATIONS

Serial Lenses Rough Radius of f=R/2


No. focal curvature(R) (cm)
length
(cm)
1. Convex(L1) 9.5 20 10
2. Concave(L2) 8 18 -9

The separation between the two convex and


concave lens is 7.2cm.
Therefore the combined focal length is 14.516 cm.

CALCULATIONS
1/F=1/f1+1/f2-d/f1f2
1/F=1/10+1/ (-9)-7.2/ (10) (-9)
1/F=-1/90+7.2/90=6.2/90
F=90/6.2cm
Therefore, F=14.516cm

Page | 10
PRECAUTIONS

 Tips of the object and image needles should lie at


the same height as the centre of the lens.

 Parallax should be removed from tip to tip by


keeping eye at a distance at least 30 cm away from
the needle.

SOURCES OF ERROR

 The uprights may not be the vertical.

 Parallax removal may not be perfect.

Page | 11
CONCLUSION

1. The combined focal length of one convex and one


concave having focal length 10 cm and 9 cm
respectively and separated by a distance of 7.2 cm
is 14.516 cm.

2. So on combination of the one convex and one


concave lens the effective focal length increases
and hence its effective power decreases.

3. The effective nature of combined lens system is


converging i.e. convex lens since focal length for
the system comes out to be positive.

Page | 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Comprehensive Practical Physics Class XII


 NCERT Physics Part-II
 Experimental Physics
 www.wikipedia.com

Page | 13

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy