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Lesson 18 - Et332b.ppsx

This document discusses synchronous motor operation and applications. It covers how increasing mechanical load affects the motor's electrical characteristics by increasing armature current and decreasing the power factor angle. It explains that the electrical and mechanical degrees in a synchronous motor are related by a formula. Examples are provided to calculate the power angle, developed power, and torque of a synchronous motor operating at rated load. The document also discusses how excitation affects motor and generator operation as well as reactive power transfer, and defines normal, overexcited, and underexcited excitation types.

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Abdalla Alfaki
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143 views14 pages

Lesson 18 - Et332b.ppsx

This document discusses synchronous motor operation and applications. It covers how increasing mechanical load affects the motor's electrical characteristics by increasing armature current and decreasing the power factor angle. It explains that the electrical and mechanical degrees in a synchronous motor are related by a formula. Examples are provided to calculate the power angle, developed power, and torque of a synchronous motor operating at rated load. The document also discusses how excitation affects motor and generator operation as well as reactive power transfer, and defines normal, overexcited, and underexcited excitation types.

Uploaded by

Abdalla Alfaki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 18_et332b.

pptx
LESSON 18 SYNCHRONOUS
MOTOR OPERATION AND
APPLICATIONS
1 ET 332b
Ac Motors, Generators and Power Systems
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After this presentation you will be able to:

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
 Interpret a synchronous motor phasor diagram
 Explain how increasing mechanical load affects
synchronous motor electrical characteristics
 Explain the difference between electrical and
mechanical degrees in synchronous motor
operation
 Compute the motor developed power and torque

2
LOAD CHANGE ON SYNCHRONOUS
MOTORS Armature current
increases and power
factor angle decreases.

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
Increasing torque
increases d

Increases the
voltage drop
between VT and Ef.

More active power enters the motor to maintain speed and develop 3
the new value of torque
ELECTRICAL DEGREES VS MECHANICAL
DEGREES IN SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
Electrical power/torque angle measurement is related to the rotor
phase shift by the following formula

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
P
de  dm   
2
Where: de = phase shift in electrical degrees
dm = mechanical phase shift in the rotating magnetic
field of the rotor

Magnetic poles of synchronous and induction motors are 180


electrical degrees apart.

4
ELECTRICAL DEGREES VS MECHANICAL
DEGREES IN SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES
Example 18-1: A 100 hp, 460 V, 4-pole, wye-
connected, cylindrical rotor synchronous motor is
operating with a mechanical power angle of 5.5

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
degrees. Determine the electrical torque angle

Number of poles Mechanical degrees

5.5

Electrical torque angle for the motor degrees

5
Example 18-2: A 2-pole, 1000 hp, 6000 V, 3-phase
wye-connected synchronous motor is operating at
rated load and 0.8 leading power factor. At this
operating point, the machine efficiency is 92%. The
motor synchronous reactance is 4.2 ohms/phase Find:

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
a.) the motor power angle
b.) the power developed in the rotor
c.) the torque developed in the rotor (lb-ft)

6
EXAMPLE 18-2 SOLUTION (1)
Need to find angle d. Start by finding the armature current

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
Use power factor to find current phase angle

7
EXAMPLE 18-2 SOLUTION (2)
Find Eaf Wye connect motor. Need phase voltage

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
8
EXAMPLE 18-2 SOLUTION (3)
b.) Find the developed power

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
Compute
value
9
EXAMPLE 18-2 SOLUTION (4)
c.) Use the developed power and motor speed to find torque

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
10
SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE OPERATION AND
EXCITATION
Motor Operation: Increasing excitation increases magnetic
field strength. Decreases power angle for a fixed load.
Increases Max power.

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
 3 VT  Ef
Pin  sin( d)
Xs

Increasing Ef increases Pin for fixed d and VT

Alternator operation: Increasing excitation also decreas es d


which increases max power.

11
MACHINE EXCITATION AND REACTIVE
POWER TRANSFER
Increases in excitation also control reactive power transfer.


3 V T  E f  cos(d)  V T 
2

 
Q 

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
Xs

For small d, cos(d) approximately equal 1. Q mainly depends on


magnitude of V drop. (VT-Ef)

12
TYPES OF MACHINE EXCITATION
Ef = VT Called normal excitation.
Synchronous motor supplies all magnetizing
current to transfer power across air gap.

Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
Ef > VT Called overexcited. Synchronous
motor has surplus of reactive power. Supplies
vars to power system. (leading Fp)

Ef < VT Called underexcited.


Synchronous motor requires reactive
power from system to transfer power
across air gap. (Lagging Fp) 13
Lesson 18_et332b.pptx
END LESSON 18
14 ET 332b
Ac Motors, Generators and Power Systems

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