Scribd
Upload
171 views22 pages

(L1) Carbon and Its Compounds Class10

The document discusses carbon and its compounds. It notes that most carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity and have low boiling and melting points due to weak intermolecular forces. Carbon can form four covalent bonds but gaining or losing four electrons requires a large amount of energy. Simple molecules like hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen, and methane are formed through covalent bonding by sharing valence electrons. Ionic compounds are crystalline solids with high melting and boiling points that conduct electricity when molten or dissolved, while covalent compounds have generally lower melting and boiling points and are poor conductors. Allotropes of carbon include diamond, which has tetrahedral bonding, and graphite, which has layers of hexagonal networks bonded

Uploaded by

Rekha Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
171 views22 pages

(L1) Carbon and Its Compounds Class10

The document discusses carbon and its compounds. It notes that most carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity and have low boiling and melting points due to weak intermolecular forces. Carbon can form four covalent bonds but gaining or losing four electrons requires a large amount of energy. Simple molecules like hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen, and methane are formed through covalent bonding by sharing valence electrons. Ionic compounds are crystalline solids with high melting and boiling points that conduct electricity when molten or dissolved, while covalent compounds have generally lower melting and boiling points and are poor conductors. Allotropes of carbon include diamond, which has tetrahedral bonding, and graphite, which has layers of hexagonal networks bonded

Uploaded by

Rekha Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

Carbon and its

compounds
Lecture 1
Seema Rao
M.Sc (Organic Chemistry)

GATE - Chemistry Qualified


Telegram
APP

tinyurl.com/unacademyfoundation
Step 1 Step 2

INSTALL
Step 3 Step 4 Step 5
Foundation & NTSE

Kiran

Foundation & NTSE


Step 6 Step 7

FOUNDATIONLIVE

15,750
25,200
Carbon
❖ Most carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity.
❖ The boiling and melting points of the carbon compounds are low.
❖ Forces of attraction between these molecules of organic compounds are not
very strong.
❖ As these compounds are largely non conductors of electricity hence the
bonding in these compounds does not give rise to any ions.
Carbon and its valency

(i) It could gain four electrons forming C4– anion. But it would be difficult for the
nucleus with six protons to hold on to ten electrons, that is, four extra
electrons.

(ii) It could lose four electrons forming C4+ cation. But it would require a large
amount of energy to remove four electrons leaving behind a carbon cation
with six protons in its nucleus holding on to just two electrons.
Some Simple Molecules Formed by the Sharing of Valence Electrons

1. Hydrogen Molecule
Some Simple Molecules Formed by the Sharing of Valence Electrons

2. Chlorine molecule
Some Simple Molecules Formed by the Sharing of Valence Electrons

3. Oxygen molecule
Some Simple Molecules Formed by the Sharing of Valence Electrons

4. Nitrogen molecule
Some Simple Molecules Formed by the Sharing of Valence Electrons

5. Methane molecule
Differences between ionic and covalent compounds
Ionic compound Covalent compound

Crystalline solids at room temperature Solids, liquid or gases at room temperature

Hard and brittle Generally soft (except network series)

High m.p. and b.p. Generally low m.p. And b.p.

Insulators in solid state but conducts Bad conductors of electricity.


electricity in molten phase or aqueous
solution.

Soluble in polar solvents like water. Soluble in non-polar solvents like CS2, CCl4,
benzene, hydrocarbon

Undergo very fast reactions Reactions are slower

Ionic bond is non-rigid and non-directional Covalent bond is rigid and directional
Allotropic forms of Carbon

Allotropy is the property by virtue of which an element exists in more than one
form and each form has different physical properties but identical chemical
properties.

The two common allotropic forms of carbon are diamond and graphite.
Allotropic forms of Carbon

(i) Structure of Diamond:

In the structure of diamond, each carbon is linked to four other carbon atoms

forming a regular and tetrahedral arrangement and this network of carbon atoms

extends in three dimensions and is very rigid.


Allotropic forms of Carbon

(i) Structure of Graphite:

Each carbon is bonded to only three neighboring carbon atoms in the same plane

forming layers of hexagonal networks separated by comparatively larger

distance. The different layers are held together by weak forces, called

vanderwaal’s foes.
Step 6 Step 7

FOUNDATIONLIVE

15,750
25,200
#liveschooldaily

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy