1

NSG 435 ESD SIMULATOR

USER MANUAL

601-131H
NSG 435 ESD SIMULATOR
USER MANUAL

NSG 435 ESD simulator

CONTENTS

1 General 5
1.1 Explanation of the symbols used in this manual 5
1.2 Safety 6
2 Introduction 8
2.1 Electrostatic discharge (ESD) 8
2.2 Simulation 9
2.3 Effects on the EUT 11
3 NSG 435 12
3.1 System descritpion 12
3.2 The simulator 13
3.2.1 Function modules 13
3.2.2 Block diagram 14
3.2.3 Operating elements 15
3.3 System components 17
3.3.1 Basic set 17
3.3.2 Charging unit/battery-pack 17
3.3.3 Options 19
3.3.4 Mains power supply unit 19
3.3.5 Discharge networks 20
3.3.6 Remote triggering 21
3.3.7 Measurement adapters 22
4 Commissioning 23
4.1 Inspection 23
4.1.1 Function check 23
5 Operation 25
5.1 General 25
5.2 Switching on 25
5.3 Battery monitor 27
5.4 Air/Contact-discharge 28
5.5 Voltage 29
5.6 Polarity 30
5.7 Repetition frequency 31
5.8 Counter 31
5.9 Preselect counter 32
5.10 Automatic polarity switching 34
5.11 Continuous operation 37
5.12 Storing voltage settings 39
6 Test procedures 41
6.1 Standard-conforms procedures 41
6.2 Other conditions 41
7 Verification of the pulse data 43
8 Maintenance 44
8.1 Servicing 44
8.2 Calibration 44
8.3 Exchanging the R/C network 47
8.3.1 Derating of pulse repetition at increased capacitance 49
8.4 Repairs 50
8.5 Disposal 50
9 Declaration of Conformity CE 51
10 Technical specifications 52
11 ESD standards 54
12 Warranty 55
13 Odering information 56
14 Addresses 57
1 GENERAL 5

1.1 Explanation of the symbols used in this manual

Please take note of the following explanations of the symbols used in order
to achieve the optimum benefit from this manual and to ensure safety during
operation of the equipment.

The following symbol draws your attention to a circumstance where non-

observation of the warning could lead to inconvenience or impairment in the
performance.

Example:

This connection must not be confused with the mains

power input.

The following symbol draws your attention to a circumstance where non-

observation of the warning could lead to component damage or danger to the
operating personnel.

Example:

Never connect or disconnect the pistol while system is

performing a test.

Symbols used on the product:

Danger Protective Attention

high voltage earth terminal refer to manual
6 1.2 Safety

This item of equipment, together with its accessories,

works at high voltages of up to 16.5 kV. Any careless
handling or non-observance of the operating instruc-
tions can have dangerous consequences.

The NSG 435 simulator is not a toy! It is a professional tool and belongs only in
the hands of specialists and appropriately trained personnel.

When powered by its own batteries the simulator can be active even without
any power cable being connected.

The instrument must not be switched on unless a correctly connected earth or

ground cable (pulse current return path) is in place. The original earth cable supplied
with the instrument is to be used. Any replacement cables must be fabricated in
such a way that they cannot be accidentally connected to a mains outlet socket.

Do not touch the test finger! There is a danger of an unpleasant electric shock
if the instrument is switched on (LC-display active).

Only trained personnel may operate the instrument.

Personnel fitted with a heart-pacemaker must not

operate the instrument nor approach the test rig while
it is in operation.

These operating instructions form an integral part of the instrument and must
be available to the operating personnel at all times.

The instrument must not be used for any purpose other than testing the ESD
immunity of electronic equipment.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

The construction of the simulator is not designed for use in an explosive env- 7
ironment.

Each electrostatic discharge produces powerful electro-

magnetic interference.

Nearby electronic equipment can be seriously disrupted unless

the appropriate counter-measures are taken. Perform ESD tests
preferably in a shielded room.

The rechargeable batteries in the handgrip must not be short-circuited under

any circumstances. They must only be recharged with the original charging unit
supplied with the simulator. Should they have to be replaced, kindly observe
the relevant recommendations for the disposal of nickelmetal hybrid batteries
(if delivered before 2002).

The instrument must not be opened. Repairs, maintenance work and internal
adjustments are only to be carried out by a qualified service engineer.

Use the instrument only in dry surroundings. Any condensation that occurs
must be allowed to evaporate before putting the simulator into operation.

Long periods of exposure to sunlight and excessive warming by external energy

sources are to be avoided.

Do not continue to use the instrument should any mechanical damage occur.
The instruments housing has both an insulating and a screening function which
can only be assured while the housing is intact. Return a damaged simulator to
a Teseq service centre immediately for repair.

Teseq AG Luterbach, Switzerland and the associated sales organizations accept

no responsibility for personal or material damage nor for any consequential
damage that may result from irresponsible operation of this instrument.
8 2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Electrostatic discharge (ESD)

Under appropriate ambient conditions, both material objects and even the
human body itself can become charged with electrical energy. This effect is
due to «electrostatics», a phenomenon that has been known since the earliest
times. Thales von Milet (600 BC) noticed how amber attracted very light particles
when it was rubbed. Touching a charged item against a conductive object leads
to a charge equalization through a spark discharge which produces a brief but
powerful electromagnetic field.

This effect can be explained as follow: Two insulating substances with differing
dielectric constants become charged when rubbed together, i.e. one material
gives electrons to the other one. This effect is known as electrostatic charging.
The same can happen to a person. When somebody walks around in a dry
atmosphere on a carpet with good insulating properties, a charge of several
thousand volts can be built up. If, now, that person comes close to a conductive
surface, the charge that he or she is carrying flows away through a hefty spark
discharge.

The high equalizing current that flows, and the associated large electromagnetic
field that hence results, can cause electronic devices (computers, terminals,
process controllers, vehicle electronics, solid state devices, credit or memory
cards, etc.) to malfunction or even be destroyed.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

2.2 Simulation 9
A systematic investigation of electronic equipment and installations to deter-
mine their electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is, today, a necessity if one is
not prepared to suffer the economic disadvantages that could otherwise ensue.
As a logical consequence, appropriate testing is now a legal requirement for
the sale of electronic products within the EC.

The ESD test plays an important role in the range of interference sensitivity
tests. It simulates frequently occurring effects and guides the development
engineer to any weak spots in an instrument or item of equipment through a
combination of high voltage and high frequency properties.

A simulation device must be constructed so that it reproduces practical con-

ditions realistically. Furthermore, the results obtained (interference sensitivity
threshold) must be reproducible.

The interference immunity of an instrument is not only dependent on its con-

struction, it is also largely dependent on the quality or the consistency of the
mass production techniques used. Knowing this has led to the demand for
individual testing or at least random sample testing.

Further weak spots, which could affect the overall interference immunity, can
arise through the assembly of instruments into complete systems because
of the installation method used, the cabling and the earthing. An ESD check
on systems is therefore also prescribed. Such tests provide valuable informa-
tion about the immunity of the system to effects that occur only sporadically
under operating conditions and hence represent difficult to detect sources of
disruption.
10 The ESD simulator NSG 435 fulfils the requirements of various applications in
an ideal manner:

Ergonomic shape For nontiring use

Operation Operating elements and display always in view
of the user. Constant check on the test values.
Battery-powered Independence from a mains power feed.
Compact and handheld No bench unit as the high voltage source,
no high voltage cable. Optimal freedom of
movement around the device or system
to be tested.
Carrying case Simulator and accessories can be handily
packed and conveniently transported.
Microprocessor-control All the functions are «on-board», including a pre-
settable counter, pre-programmed test values,
discharge voltage measurement, etc.
Precision The test parameters are maintained precisely
for reliably reproducible tests.
Flexibility The specifications prescribed in the standards
are more than fulfilled in every respect. The
instrument also offers many additional handy
features.
Safety The high voltage simulator is automatically de-
activated if the instrument remains unused for a
period of time.
Longterm operation Automatic longterm operation for stationary
applications with mounting on a tripod.
Application field Development optimization, type approval, EMC
certification, batch testing (individually), testing
of fully installed systems.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

2.3 Effects on the EUT 11
The most significant interference components of an electrostatic discharge
are of a high frequency nature. The interference paths and effects have to be
assessed in the range from about 30 MHz to the multi-GHz range.

The extremely rapid rise time of a discharge affects an object under test mostly
through:
magnetic HF-coupling between electrical conductors in the electronics and
the discharge current path.
electrical coupling between the discharge current and signal lines. A dis-
charge current to the EUT flows proportionally through all the associated-
conductors (earth, mains, data lines, screening, etc.) according to their rela-
tive impedance.

Malfunctions in insufficiently immune electronic equipment and systems make

themselves apparent through:
program crashes
blocking of command sequences
incorrect commands, statuses or data being processed
partial system resets (e.g. only in peripheral modules which lead to
errors that the system does not recognize)
disturbance or destruction of interface chips
destruction of insufficiently protected MOS or other components

ESD testing usually shows up all the weak spots in the HF-range of a piece of
equipment simultaneously. The uses to which the NSG 435 simulator can be put
hence go way beyond those called for in standard-conform applications.

This instrument provides the engineer with a means to detect sources of error
caused by unsuitable earthing, poor ground connections, insulation problems,
etc.

The simulator also serves as a reliable aid for localizing hidden wiring faults
during acceptance trials on installations.

Use can also be made of the instrument as an insulation tester to determine

the breakdown voltage of switches, relay contacts, insulators, etc.
12 3 NSG 435

3.1 System description

By using the latest materials, construction methods and manufacturing tech-
niques for the robust housing shell, together with highly insulated modules, the
newest high voltage technology and a control unit built using the SMD-tech-
nique, it has been possible to integrate all the functions that a comprehensive
simulator system should offer into one compact instrument.

Professional industrial designers have ensured an optimized ergonomic concept.

The instrument, with its well-balanced handgrip, sits comfortably in the users
hand and guarantees non-tiring operation. Both the operating elements and the
display window remain in view of the user while work is in progress.

Thanks to its battery pack, the NSG 435 offers optimal freedom of movement
around the workplace and is an ideal test instrument not just for the deve-
lopment engineer but also for quality control purposes, system tests and for
investigations in the field.

As supplied in the basic set, the system is equipped with a 150 pF/330 Ω
discharge network for the IEC/EN 61000-4-2 standard. The discharge voltage
of up to 16.5 kV for air-discharges and up to 9 kV for contact discharges ensure a
comfortable test margin over and above the levels called for in the standard.

The instrument is well equipped to cope with other (and future) standards. The
accessories include various networks and test fingers that can be attached by
the user himself.

The basic set contains everything necessary for general use. For special tasks
a rich assortment of accessories is available such as a mains power unit for
longterm operation, a remote triggering unit via an optical link, spare battery-
packs, discharge networks, test fingers, etc.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

3.2 The simulator 13

3.2.1 Function modules

The NSG 435 simulator is modularly constructed from a number of function
units that are all housed in a multi-part, molded shell.

Control section µ-processor,

HV-generator keypad, display and remote
discharge network trigger connection
(exchangeable)
measuring electronics
high voltage relay
polarity changeover

Tripod bush
UNC1/4-20

Pulse Handgrip
Test finger trigger
(exchangeable)

Earth cable
connection

Exchangeable
battery pack
14 3.2.2 Block diagram
The function units are shown in the block diagram:

Display

Buzzer
± 10.0 kv
High voltage Discharge High voltage
generator network relay
Test
µP Control unit finger

Measurement
circuit

Batt / Mains PSU

Ext. trigger
Trigger button

The microprocessor controls and monitors all the generator functions:

Keypad entries are checked for plausibility. Unacceptable entries are rejected
and an acoustic warning notifies the user of the error.

Values entered are clearly shown on the large display screen. Further infor-
mation shows the operating status and the counter settings.

The battery charge state is continuously monitored. A tendency towards low

voltage is shown on the display. The instrument’s functions are inhibited
once the battery voltage is insufficient to guarantee the pulse parameters.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

 The high voltage generation is dynamically controlled by the processor. 15
Varying load conditions, supply voltages, etc. can thus be taken into account
and have no effect on the pulse parameters.

The instrument switches itself off automatically if it is not used for a while.
The pulse parameters and operating mode remain stored and ready for use
once the simulator is switched on again.

The charge voltage to the network is kept constant as long as the trigger is
active. The high voltage is discharged internally when the trigger is reset.

If no discharge occurs when set for an air-discharge and the trigger is active,
the processor waits for about 15 s then autonomously resets the trigger
and discharges the network internally. An acoustic warning is also sounded.

A measurement facility at the pulse output measures the actual air-voltage

reached during an air-discharge and shows the result on the display.

Pulse triggering is monitored. Once an arc has occurred the network is

discharged internally so that no further arcing is possible.

3.2.3 Operating elements

Apart from the trigger button itself (pulse triggering) all the operating elements
are on the surface of the instrument that faces the operator.

The NSG 435 is switched on/off with the main switch.

The significance of the elements in the display field can be seen in the following
picture. Further information can be found in section 5 «Operation».

Operation of the whole instrument is effected via the five multifunction buttons
(soft-keys). These buttons perform different functions depending on the stage
of operation. The current function is shown on the display in each case.

The designation F1 to F5 used for these buttons in the following notes serve to
simplify the descriptions in this manual.
16

F5
F4
F3
F2
F1

F1 Toggle between air and contact-discharge (and vice versa)

Increment voltage and counter

F2 Activation of voltage setting

Decrement voltage and counter

F3 Polarity switching:
Selection of pre-programmed test levels
Preselect counter on/off

F4 Selection of discharge mode:

Single discharge Repetitive discharge at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 25 Hz
for air-discharge
Repetitive discharge at 0.5, 1, 5, 10 Hz for contact-discharge
Automatic polarity switching
Storage of programmed test levels

F5 Resets the counter

Return from second function

NSG 435 ESD simulator

The trigger button in the hand-grip works as folIows, depending on the 17
operating mode selected:
For single discharge as a pulse button
(1 pulse when pressed)

For repetitive discharges as on/off button

(discharge while the button is pressed)

For repetitive discharges with as a holding on/off button

preselect counter active (switch on by pressing the button,
switch off by pressing the button again)

The remote triggering facility is a substitute for the manual trigger button by
producing the relevant control signals.

3.3 System components

3.3.1 Basic set

The basic set is packed in a practical carrying case and comprises:

Carrying case 42 x 32 x 13.5 cm (16.5 x 12.5 x 5.5 ” approx.)

ESD simulator NSG 435 with battery-pack and 150 pF/330 Ω discharge network
conforming to IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed. 1.2:2001
One test finger each for air- and contact-discharges
Earth cable
Battery charger
Operating instructions
Calibration certificate

This set contains all the items necessary under normal conditions to perform
tests conforming to IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed. 1.2:2001.
18 3.3.2 Charging unit/battery-pack
The battery charger supplied in the set is designed for multi-country use and
is coming with various mains adaptors. Green LED shows fully charged battery
status.

Operation range 100 V to 240 V (50/60 Hz)

Charging of the battery takes about 1 hour. For further details please refer to
separate manual.

The battery has to be removed from the NSG 435 for charging via the jack con-
nector. One charge is sufficient for several days of normal test operation.

Battery life expectancy:

Ambient temperatures over 50°C can lead to degradation of the battery. If
treated carefully, more than 300 charge/discharge cycles can be expected
without any noticeable reduction in capacity.

The charger and battery-pack form a matched entity. The battery must not be
charged from any other unit and the charger is to be used exclusively for the
intended purpose.

Operating advice:

Avoid short-circuits. Keep the contacts clean

Use the equipment only in dry surroundings
Do not switch the mains off while charging otherwise the timer will be
restarted
Never leave the battery in a fully discharged state for a long time
Do not attempt to recharge a full battery
Recharge the battery about every 6 months even if the instrument is not
being used

NSG 435 ESD simulator

3.3.3 Options 19
A range of additional accessories is available for special applications and for
testing to other standards:

Spare battery-pack (space available in carrying case)

Mains power supply with adapter
Remote triggering unit with 5 m (197 ”) optical cable
Discharge networks and test fingers for other standards
Coaxial measurement adapter (target)

3.3.4 Mains power supply unit

Instead of using the normal battery-pack, a mains power supply unit type
INA 402 can be used for stationary applications and for longterm test pur-
poses.

The handgrip adapter is an integral part of this power supply unit. It contains
electrical components that are necessary for this mode of operation. It is not per-
missible to operate the NSG 435 with a power supply unit from another system.

The power supply unit can be used on all common AC mains supplies without
having to make any adjustments, thus:

80 to 240 V (50/60 Hz) with 3-pin IEC connector

Matching 3-core mains cable
20 The power supply unit must be connected to a mains outlet having a protective
earth.

The protective earth connection does not replace the earth cable for the opera-
tion of the NSG 435. To ensure safe and valid test operation the earth cable must
be correctly connected as the pulse return path in every case.

The mains power supply unit is constructed in conformity with the relevant
safety standards and carries the appropriate test symbol.

3.3.5 Discharge networks

The basic set contains a discharge network and test fingers that conforms to
IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed. 1.2:2001.

Alternative networks can be installed for testing in accordance with other

standards.

The discharge network and test fingers form a mutually matched combination.
They are labeled with a corresponding INA number. The specified pulse data
are only achieved while this combination is maintained.

Several combinations are given in the order list. The C and R values of the
discharge network can also be specified for other applications.

Networks conforming to other standards can be built upon request. The speci-
fications of the standard must be fully defined.

Exchanging the discharge network is described in section «Exchanging the R/C

network».

NSG 435 ESD simulator

3.3.6 Remote triggering 21
A remote triggering unit can be connected to operate the NSG 435 inside
a Faraday cage with external pulse triggering or for test pulse triggering in
synchronism with other conditions. The optical input for remote triggering is
insensitive to external light sources.

The normal remote trigger unit consists of a «triggerbox» and 5 m (197 “) of

optical cable. The remote trigger works in parallel with the «trigger-button» on
the NSG 435. Pulse triggering, or the on/off switching in the case of repetitive
discharges, can be effected by a push-button or an electrical signal applied to
the triggerbox.

The electrical signal at the BNC connector must fulfill the following condi-
tions:

On: V = 2.4...10 V, I >2 mA, t >10 ms

Off: V <0.8 V
Repetition rate: <5 Hz

The remote trigger is powered by a conventional 9 volt battery. The current

consumption is so low that a battery switch has been dispensed with. If NSG
435 provided with two optical connectors connect the optical cable to the blue
terminal.

It is recommended to remove the battery if the unit is not going to be used for
a long time.
22 3.3.7 Measurement adapters

Coax connector

Mounting flange

MD 101 Designed as per

IEC/EN 61000-4-2:1995

Contact surface
(target)

The measurement adapter type MD 101 as per informative annex B of IEC/EN

61000-4-2 serves to verify pulse amplitudes and pulse shapes. It is designed for
mounting in the side wall of a Faraday cage in which an oscilloscope has been
installed. This measurement adapter, also known as a «Pellegrini-Target» has the
flat impedance curve to well over 1 GHz that is necessary for the purpose.

Use of this adapter is only worthwhile in conjunction with a test rig that is laid
out in strict conformity with the relevant standard (see section 7).

MD 103

MD 103 («Pommerenke» target) is a more advanced coaxial measuring target

with flat response characteristics up to the multi-GHz range. It may be used
instead of MD 101.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

4 COMMISSIONING 23

4.1 Inspection
Immediately upon receipt, check the instrument and the accessories for com-
pleteness and look for any transport damage. Damage incurred in transit must
be reported to the transportation undertaking without delay.

Before putting the instrument into operation:

Study the manual

Take the necessary safety precautions
Charge the battery (see section 3.3.2)
Connect the earth cable correctly (The NSG 435 must never be switched on
without an earth cable being connected)
Allow the instrument to dry out if any condensation has occurred

4.2 Function check

Inserting the battery

Insert the lower end of the battery (the part with the
spring-blade) into the handgrip. Gently pull down
against the spring so that the battery can be snapped
inwards and then release the pressure.
24 Switch the simulator on with the main switch.

A display appears in the window showing values representing the status of the
instrument before it was last switched off.

A typical set of values might look like this:

The instrument performs audible switching functions for a while that result from
various self-tests and calibration procedures.

High voltage generation is activated by pressing and holding the trigger button.
By bringing the test finger close to the earthing point an discharge occurs which
is acknowledged acoustically and the display shows the effective discharge
voltage in a frame. (This applies under the following conditions: air-discharge,
single-pulse, preselect counter off).

The instrument is now ready to use.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

5 OPERATION 25

5.1 General
This section provides a guide through the numerous setting possibilities of the
NSG 435. The operation, which is strictly logical and hierarchically arranged, is
easy to remember.

The display shows unmistakable information about the parameters that have
been set and the operating status of the simulator. Equally logically, the instru-
ment refuses to accept any invalid entries.

It is recommended to carry out the examples directly on the instrument (not

forgetting to connect the earth cable!).

5.2 Switching on

Ascertain that the earth cable for the pulse return path is
solidly connected to the fixed installation’s earth point.

There is a danger of electric shock if this is neglected!

When the instrument is switched on, the last used settings will be reinstated. The
following illustration is hence just one example from a multitude of possibilities.
26 The instrument is ready for use immediately after the execution of a self-test
and calibration procedure.

Press and hold the trigger button to activate the high voltage generation. The
active high voltage state is shown on the display by the “kV” indication blink-
ing.

The measured value of the breakdown voltage in air-discharge mode will be

displayed. Differentiation from the display of the set value is made by the frame
around the kV readings.

The effective discharge voltage depends on various factors such as the distance
to the discharge point, speed of approach, nature of the EUT, etc.

In the case of a contact-discharge this measurement is not carried out since

only a discharge current can occur.

The instrument switches itself off automatically after a period of 30 minutes

of non-use although the parameters that have been set will remain stored in
memory.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

5.3 Battery monitor 27
The battery charge state is monitored continuously. An insufficiently charged
or empty battery is indicated on the display.

«LOW BAT» blinks: Change or charge the battery soon. The in-
struments functions and the pulse data are still
assured.

«LOW BAT» steady: Battery empty. The instrument’s functions are

inhibited since the pulse data can no longer be
assured.

Note: One battery charge will last for several days of normal test operation.
The useful working time depends, of course, to a large extent on the operating
conditions.

The following figures have been obtained by way of reference:

Battery freshly charged
Air-discharge at 15 kV
More than 10000 discharges until «LOW BAT» blinks
A further 3000+ discharges until «LOW BAT» remains constant
28 5.4 Air-/Contact-discharge
F1 toggles between air-discharge and contact-discharge and vice versa.

The change to contact-discharge is prevented if:

The voltage set for this operating mode is too high, i.e. over 9 kV
The repetition frequency set for this operating mode is too high, i.e.
over 10 pulses/s

The instrument notifies the error with a beep and the erroneous setting blinks
for 5 s.

When working with fixed voltage levels, the relevant value is automatically
loaded upon toggling between the air/contact-discharge mode.

The corresponding test finger must, of course, be attached to suit the particular
discharge mode:

Air-discharge = rounded test finger

Contact-discharge = pointed test finger

NSG 435 ESD simulator

5.5 Voltage 29
Press F2 to branch into the submenu for voltage setting. Some of the other
buttons take on different functions as shown on the display:

1 2

Free setting Call stored values level 1-4

(4 values each for air-discharge
and contact discharge)

Pressing F1 or F2 raises or lowers Press F3 to select the four stored

the voltage respectively in steps of voltage values in each case.
100 V. Pressing the buttons (To change a stored value, see
continuously changes the voltage section 5.12).
level with increasing rapidity.
30

Press F5 to return to the starting menu level. (This return will also be made
automatically after about 10 s).

5.6 Polarity
F3 toggles between positive and negative polarity. The sign shown in the display
alters correspondingly.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

5.7 Repetition frequency 31
Use F4 to scroll from SINGLE (single discharges) through all the possible frequen-
cies for repetitive discharges:

0.5/1/5/10/20/25 Hz for air-discharge

0.5/1/5/10 Hz for contact-discharge

In the SINGLE mode a discharge is released each time the trigger button is
pressed. The discharge is confirmed by a beep. In the REPETITIVE mode dis-
charges are released at the chosen rate for as long as the trigger button remains
pressed (no acoustic confirmation).

5.8 Counter
The counter sums the number of discharges, irrespective of the operating
mode and irrespective of whether other pulse parameters have been set
meanwhile.

The counter works in a decrementing manner in the preselect counter mode.

32

F5 sets the counter either back to 0000 or to the preset value if the preselect
counter mode has been chosen.

Pressing F5 a second time causes a branch to the preselect counter menu.

5.9 Preselect counter

A specified number of discharges (0...9999) can be pre-programmed with this
function. These can then be triggered single by hand or automatically.

F5 first resets the counter then, when pressed a second time, branches into
the preselect counter menu.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

 33

F3 switches the preselect counter operation on and off (PRESELECT ON/OFF).

Use F1 and F2 to raise or lower the preset value. Keeping either button pressed
causes the change to occur with increasing rapidity.
34

Press F5 to return to the original menu level. (This return also occurs automati-
cally after about 10 s)

The preselect counter mode can be used with either single or with repetitive
discharges.

Each time there is a discharge the counter content is decremented by 1.

In the repetitive mode the discharge sequence is started when the trigger
button is first pressed and is halted when the button is pressed a second time.
The sequence can be continued by pressing it again.

Pulse triggering is terminated when the counter content reaches 0000.

F5 reloads the preselect counter with the original value.

Once the counter reaches 0000 and the procedure has been stopped, the
counter can also be reloaded with the original value again and the test sequence
started anew simply by pressing the trigger button.

5.10 Automatic polarity switching

The IEC standards call for equal quantities of positive and then negative dis-
charges to be applied to a test point. The NSG 435 can execute this function
automatically.

The automatic polarity switch operates in conjunction with the preselect

counter.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

 35

F5 branches into the preselect counter menu.

F4 switches the function «Automatic polarity change» on and off (Precondition:

PRESELECT ON). The active state is shown by the polarity sign in front of the
voltage alternating on the display.
36

Use F5 to return to the original menu level. (This return also occurs automatically
after about 10 s). The «Automatic polarity change» function is identified by «ALT.
POL.» over F4 and +/- over F3.

The instrument switches over from positive to negative polarity once half of the
preset number of pulses has been released (the sign on the display changes).

This automatic function works in both the single pulse mode as well as with
repetitive discharges.

Reinitialize the operation in single pulse mode after each cycle. Reset the
counter and select the counter menu again (press F5 three times).

NSG 435 ESD simulator

5.11 Continuous operation 37
A continuous operating mode can be selected for repetitive discharges. Pressing
the trigger button starts the continuous operation; pressing it a second time
stops the operation.

Continuous operation should only be utilized in cases of

real necessity since every ESD radiates electromagnetic
disturbance the effect of which on the environment must be
taken into consideration.

The test area should be made out of bounds for unauthorized

personnel.

The test must be monitored throughout its duration.

When running on batteries alone the duration of the test is

naturally limited.

Activate continuous operation:

Select the repetition frequency in the basic menu with F4. By F5 branch into the
preselect counter menu.
38

Hold F2 down until the counter content is 0000. Press F2 again to activate
continuous operation. The display shows - - - -.

Use F5 to return to the original menu level.

Switching off continuous operation:

By F5 branch into the preselect counter menu. Press F1 or F2. The counter
shows 0000 or 9999 respectively. Continuous operation is switched off.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

 39

Use F5 to return to the original menu level.

5.12 Storing voltage settings

Pre-programmed discharge voltage values can be stored in four memory loca-
tions for both air and contact-discharges. As delivered, the instrument has the
test levels set according to IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed. 1.2:2001.

Level Test voltage Test voltage

contact-discharge air-discharge

1 2 kV 2 kV
2 4 kV 4 kV
3 6 kV 8 kV
4 8 kV 15 kV

The values stored in memory can be altered arbitrarily.

Select discharge mode (air-discharge or contact-discharge) with F1.

Call up «Voltage» submenu with F2.
40 Set the required voltage with F1 or F2.
Range for air: 0.2 ... 16.5 kV
Range for contact: 0.2 ...9 kV

The «LEVEL» indication shown over F3 disappears. «STORE» appears over F4.

Press F4 and a memory location (1 ... 4) appears over F3.

Use F3 to specify the required memory location. Press F4 again and the value
is stored.

Use F5 to return to the original menu level.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

6 TEST PROCEDURES 41

6.1 Standard-conform procedures

Test standards such as the IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed. 1.2:2001 give detailed informa-
tion about setting up a test rig, the organization of a test and the documenta-
tion.

The ESD simulator system NSG 435 is constructed and calibrated in accordance
with the requirements of the standards.

The test engineer cannot be relieved of the duty to study the applicable test pre-
scriptions closely and to adapt the conditions to the test object in question.

The necessary documents can be obtained directly from the IEC, ANSI, IEEE, etc.
or they can be obtained through the relevant national standards bureau.

6.2 Other conditions

It is not always possible to set up a test rig in precise conformity with the
standards. By observing a few basics, however, it is nevertheless possible to
make credible assessments of the interference immunity of a test object and
to obtain worthwhile pointers to ways of improving it.

An electrostatic discharge always exhibits high frequency properties with parts

of the spectrum extending to well beyond 1 GHz. Screening and filtering mea-
sures must therefore also be effective up into these frequency ranges.

The possible paths that the pulse may take have to be considered. The pulse
return path must, without doubt, be through the earth cable connected to the
simulator.
42 The contact-discharge method is to be used in preference to the air-discharge
method. The former must, however, be implemented in such a way that there
is a true metal-to-metal contact with the EUT.

Repetitive discharges can really be used only to localize weak spots or to find
sensitive conditions in program sequences quickly. Single pulses then have
to be used for a detailed investigation and assessment of the interference
sensitivity.

The test conditions must always be documented exactly including photos of

the test rig, information about the type and number of discharges, details of the
prevailing climatic conditions, comments regarding the effects observed, etc.

Horizontal coupling
plate
Ground reference
plane Mains connection

Earth connection

Bleeder resistor
Earth wire Insulation

Example of a simplified test rig for a table-top instrument.

Cabinet earthed via

protective earth

Mains connection

Earth connection

Insulation pallet
Earth wire Ground reference plane

Example of a test rig for a system.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

7 VERIFICATION OF THE PULSE DATA 43

The calibration and verification of the pulse data necessitates a specialized

measurement equipment arrangement. The IEC standard lays down minimal
requirements.

Shielded enclosure
≥1.2 m for the oscilloscope
and connecting
Ground plane cables
ESD Current
simulator target

Ground strap
≥1.2 m

connection point

Power cord
Ground strap
(pulled away
at its RF filter for
midpoint) AC power

Teseq uses the following instruments for calibration purposes:

Oscilloscope with >1 GHz bandwidth

Coaxial measurement adapter MD 101 (Pellegrini target as per IEC/EN 61000-4-2)
or MD 103
20 dB attenuator DC-12.4 GHz - SUCOFLEX-HF-coaxial cable
DC-High voltage voltmeter (Ri > 30 GΩ)

The measuring instruments are periodically recalibrated in compliance with

ISO 9001 and ISO 17025.
44 8 MAINTENANCE

8.1 Servicing
Care
The housing may be cleaned with a moist cloth with possibly just a trace of
detergent liquid.

Industrial spirit is also a suitable cleaning agent.

Other solvents are not permitted.

Fuses
The instrument contains no fuses that are accessible to the user.

8.2 Calibration
Trimming procedures in the NSG 435 are carried out digitally and automatically.
The instrument contains no elements that are foreseen for adjustment by the
user. A component defect must be suspected if the calibration measurements
differ from the published technical data and the instrument is to be returned
to an authorized Teseq service centre.

Measurements can only be undertaken by trained specialists. A prerequisite is the

availability of the necessary measurement equipment as listed in section 7.

Charge voltage check

Equipment:
EHT voltmeter with 20 kV voltage range
Internal resistance > 20 GΩ
Measurement accuracy <1%

NSG 435 ESD simulator

Check the voltage level under the following conditions 45
Air-discharge
Single discharge
Polarity: positive and negative
Voltage settings: 2, 4, 8 and 15 kV
Permissible deviation: < ±5% of the set value

Check the discharge current pulse shape.

Check to be made under the following conditions

Contact-discharge
Single discharge
Polarity: positive and negative
Voltage settings: 2, 4, 6 and 8 kV

Compare the results obtained against the reference figures quoted

in IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed. 1.2:2001

Remark
Teseq offers an accredited service for this kind of work.

100%

90%

I at 30 ns

I at 60 ns

10%

30 ns
60 ns

tr = 0.7 to 1.0 ns
46 Level Indicated First peak cur- Rise time tr Current Current
voltage rent of discharge with discharge (± 30%) (± 30%)
kV ± 10% switch at 30 ns at 60 ns

1 2 kV 7.5 A 0.7 to 1.0 ns 4A 2A

2 4 kV 15 A 0.7 to 1.0 ns 8A 4A
3 6 kV 22.5 A 0.7 to 1.0 ns 12 A 6A
4 8 kV 30 A 0.7 to 1.0 ns 16 A 8A

These figures only apply to the discharge network and test fingers that comply
with IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed. 1.2:2001.

Charge switch Discharge tip

Rc 50-100 MΩ Rd 330 Ω

Discharge switch
Cs + Cd 150 pF
HV generator
Discharge return
connection

Teseq offers calibration services to carry out such work.

NSG 435 ESD simulator

8.3 Exchanging the R/C network 47
Exchanging the discharge networks is to be undertaken by knowledgeable
personnel. A clean and well-lit working area is necessary.

A yellow

B black

C yellow/green
48 Procedure:

1 Switch the instrument off

2 Remove the earth cable
3 Take out the battery
4 Unscrew the test finger
5 Pull out the trigger button
6 Remove the rear cover
(the cover locks into 3 notches in the housing on both sides. The
cover can be removed by carefully lifting it at the points where the
notches are and gradually sliding it back).
7 Lay the instrument on its side and remove the screws
8 Remove the screw in the printed circuit board
9 Remove the upper part of the housing with a rocking movement
10 Note the arrangement of the wiring
11 Release the network connecting screws in the given order
12 Remove the network
13 Insert the replacement network
14 Firmly screw the color-coded network connections into place as
shown in the illustration
15 Take care with the placement of the wires so that none becoming
trapped while re-assembling the generator
16 Carefully screw the upper part of the housing back into place
17 Continue re-assembly in the reverse order of points 8 .. 1 above
(attach the test finger belonging to the set!)
18 Check the operation of the generator by observing the spark-gap
(the high voltage generator adjusts itself automatically to the new
network)
19 If in doubt, a voltage check can be carried out as given in section 8.2
20 A calibration measurement is not normally necessary

NSG 435 ESD simulator

8.3.1 Derating of pulse repetition at increased capacitance 49
When using special discharge networks with higher capacitor values, the
maximum pulse repetition frequency will be automatically derated. This is the
only consequence however of using high C networks.

No firmware modification of the NSG 435 is needed.

The figure shows the derating values for various capacitances versus the
voltage.

If any selected parameter (repetition rate and/or charging voltage) should be out
of range, same will be indicated by 3 beeps followed by a time out.

Hz Repetition Rate
25

20
C=350 pF

15

C=500 pF
10

5 C=1 nF
C=2 nF

0
kV Discharge
Voltage
0 5 10 15
50 8.4 Repairs
Repair work is to be executed exclusively by authorized Teseq repair depart-
ments. Only original replacement parts and accessories are to be used.

Do not continue to use the instrument in the event of mechanical damage

occurring. The molded housing also performs insulating and protective func-
tions which are only assured as long as it is in its original condition. A damaged
instrument should be returned without delay to a Teseq service centre.

8.5 Disposal
The following list shows the principal materials that are used in the construction
of the NSG 435. The relevant national regulations are to be observed when
disposing of the instrument.

Item Material Remark

Housing ABS with glass-fiber
Control unit Epoxy circuit board with SMD components
LCD-display Glass
LCD-window Acrylic
Chassis plate Galvanized steel
HV unit/ Polyurethane block with electr.
network components and copper wire
HV relay Various metals, ceramic
various insulating Magerials
Test finger Brass, plastics, electrical components
Battery Nickel-metal hybrid (>2002) ABS hosuing Observe any special
Epoxy circuit board regulations regarding
disposal of Ni-MHs
Charger ABS housing with transformer,
PCB with electr, components

Carrying case Polyethylene

NSG 435 ESD simulator

9 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY CE 51
52 10 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Description Compact ESD simulator with microprocessor

controller, large surface LC-display, built-in
HV-relay for contact-discharges, mains-
independent
Pulse data – standard Conforms to IEC/EN 61000-4-2
– special With exchangeable networks/test fingers for
other standards
Pulse network – standard 150 pF/330 Ω as per IEC/EN 61000-4-2
– special Exchangeable networks for other standards as
accessories
Range R = 0 Ω to 10 kΩ
Range C = 60 pF to 1000 pF
Discharge voltage 200 V to 16.5 kV (in 100 V steps)
(air-discharge) (Tolerance ±5%, 1 to 16 kV)
Discharge voltage 200 V to 9 kV (in 100 V steps)
(contact-discharge) (Tolerance ±5%, 1 to 9 kV)
Test finger -standard Ball and point as per IEC/EN, exchangeable via
locking ring
Voltage measurement On HV-side, dynamic
Accuracy better than ±5% (1 kV to 16.5 kV)
Arcing recognition Indicated also acoustically in the «single»
operating mode
Holding time >5s
Charge resistor Rch 50 MΩ
Triggering Trigger button in handgrip or by remote trigger
unit with 5 m (197’’) optical cable
Power supply Battery in handgrip, exchangeable, charging
time: approx. 3 hours
Mains power unit as an accessory

NSG 435 ESD simulator

Operation Via push-buttons and microprocessor 53
Discharge modes Air-discharge
Contact-discharge
Polarity Pos., neg. and automatic switch-over
Operating modes Single
Repetitive at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20 or 25 Hz
Pulse counter 0 to 9999
Preselect counter 0 to 9999
Continuous operation
Discharge voltage 200 V to 16.5 kV (air-discharge)
200 V to 9 kV (contact-discharge)
Fixed levels, 4 values each, programmable
Auto-shut-off After 30 minutes idle time
(without loss of the test parameters)
Display LCD panel showing
– Discharge voltage
– Breakdown voltage
– Polarity
– Air- / contact-discharge
– Counter / preselect counter content
– Soft-key functions
– Battery monitor
Weight NSG 435 with battery: 1.2 kg (2.6 lbs) approx.
Ambient conditions Operating +5º to +40ºC
20 to 80% r.h. (non-condensing)
68 to 106 kPa
54 11 ESD STANDARDS

Most widely adopted EMC standard for domestic or industrial appliances is the
basic immunity standard IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed. 1.2:2001.

The following documents are either already identical or compatible to a large

extent:

IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed 1.2:2001 (equivalent)

IEC/EN 61000-4-2 (harmonized)

Many product or product family standards refer back to these documents.

Special discharge networks and test fingers are called for by:

ANSI C63.16 Guide for ESD

ISO 10605:2008 Road Vehicles ESD
SAE J1113, Part 5 Vehicle Component ESD
and others

NSG 435 ESD simulator

12 WARRANTY 55

During this period, any defective component part will be repaired or replaced
free of charge or, if necessary, the instrument will be replaced by another of
equivalent value. The decision regarding the method of reinstating the func-
tional capability is at the sole discretion of Teseq.

Excluded from the warranty is damage or consequential damage caused by

negligent operation or use as well as the replacement of parts subject to deg-
radation.

The warranty is rendered invalid by any intervention on the part of the customer
or a third party.

The goods are to be returned in the original packing or other equivalent packing
suitable for the purpose of the foreseen means of transport.

Teseq can accept no responsibility for damage in transit.

56 13 ORDERING INFORMATIONS

NSG 435 basic kit consisting of: Order no. Qty.

NSG 435 ESD simulator complete with: NSG 435 ……

Carrying case
Network for IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed. 1.2:2001 with
150 pF/330 Ω
Test fingers, ball and point
Battery-pack / earth cable / operating instructions
charging unit 100/230 V, 50/60 Hz, with interna-
tional adapter set

Options Order no. Qty.

Mains power supply, 80 to 240 V, 50/60 Hz, incl. grip INA 402-..* …..
adapter
Spare battery-pack INA 405 …..
Remote triggering unit, including 5 m opto-cable INA 415 …..
Networks and test fingers
ANSI C63, 1991, hand-metal-mod. (180 pF/330 Ω) INA 422
IEC 801-2: 1984 (150 pF/150 Ω) INA 421 …..
Special test finger for fast leading edge <400 ps INA 420 …..
Discharge networks, special versions R and C are to be ….pF/….Ω …..
specified …..
Measuring adapter IEC/EN 61000-4-2 (IEC 801-2, 1991) MD 101
ESD target set IEC/EN 61000-4-2, Ed. 1.2:2001 MD 103 …..
Calibration adapter INA 103 …..

Specify mains cable: -01 = SCHUKO; -02 = SEV 13; -04 = UL 498; -05 = BS 1363

NSG 435 ESD simulator

NOTES
Headquarters Manufacturer
Teseq AG Teseq AG
4542 Luterbach, Switzerland 4542 Luterbach, Switzerland
T + 41 32 681 40 40 T + 41 32 681 40 40
F + 41 32 681 40 48 F + 41 32 681 40 48
sales @ teseq.com sales @ teseq.com
www.teseq.com

China France
Teseq Company Limited Teseq Sarl
T + 86 10 8460 8080 T + 33 1 39 47 42 21
F + 86 10 8460 8078 F + 33 1 39 47 40 92
chinasales @ teseq.com francesales @ teseq.com

Germany Japan
Teseq GmbH Teseq K.K.
T + 49 30 5659 8835 T + 81 3 5725 9460
F + 49 30 5659 8834 F + 81 3 5725 9461
desales @ teseq.com japansales @t eseq.com

Singapore Switzerland
Teseq Pte Ltd. Teseq AG
T + 65 6846 2488 T + 41 32 681 40 50
F + 65 6841 4282 F + 41 32 681 40 48
singaporesales @ teseq.com sales @ teseq.com

Taiwan UK
Teseq Ltd. Teseq Ltd.
T + 886 2 2917 8080 T + 44 845 074 0660
F + 886 2 2917 2626 F + 44 845 074 0656
taiwansales @ teseq.com uksales @ teseq.com

USA © June 2012 Teseq®

Teseq Inc. Specifications subject to change
T + 1 732 417 0501 without notice. Teseq® is an ISO-
F + 1 732 417 0511 registered company. Its products are
Toll free +1 888 417 0501 designed and manufactured under
usasales @ teseq.com the strict quality and environmental
requirements of the ISO 9001. This
To find your local partner within document has been carefully checked.
Teseq®’s global network, please go to However, Teseq® does not assume
www.teseq.com any liability for errors or inaccuracies.