REVIEWER IN READING AND WRITING SKILLS Q2

CRITICAL READING
• Critical Reading involves scrutinizing any information that you read and not easily believing information offered to you by a
text.
Three Modes of Analysis to Employ – Restatement, Description, Analysis LOOKING FOR THE STRENGTH OF A TEXT
The helpfulness of the text to people
The quality of the information cited
The conciseness
It’s grammatical and mechanical correctness

NOTING WEAKNESSES OF A TEXT

Focus on the text, not the author
Do not use emotionally laced words, stay objective
Point out what’s wrong , then suggest an improvement
ASSERTION
• Assertion- a stylistic approach or technique that requires a strong declaration or confident statement regarding a belief or a fact.
Assertion is when someone makes a statement investing his strong belief in it, as if it is true though it may not be true. .
Assertion is a statement that offers an opinion about a subject or something to prove about a subject.
• Counterclaim- is a statement that goes against or disagrees with a stated claim. In persuasive or argumentative writing, a writer
can cite several counterclaims to his or her own claims. Four Types of Assertion
Statement of Fact- This is a statement that can be proven objectively by direct experience, testimonies or
witnesses, verified observations, or the results of research, because statements of fact can be
doublechecked for accuracy, there is general agreement about the truth they posit.,
Statement of Opinion- based on facts,but are difficult to objectively verify because of the uncertainty of
producing satisfactory proofs of soundness.
Statement of Convention- something is done, similar to traditions and norms. Conventions depend on
historical precedent, laws, rules, usage, and customs.
Statement of Preference- based on personal choice; therefore, they are subjective and cannot be objectively
proven or logically attacked.

✓ It important to consider multiple perspectives and gather diverse evidence before reaching a conclusion to ensure a well-
rounded and informed viewpoint.

✓ Analyzing evidence objectively and considering counterarguments can be used to avoid jumping to conclusions based on
biased evidence

EVALUATIVE STATEMENTS
Evaluative Statement - a way of giving a better explanation to show the strength and weaknesses of something through writing
(Belino, 2017)
express one's judgment and generalizations about a text that you have read. One can articulate evaluative statements through
assertions and counterclaims.
TEXTUAL EVIDENCES
Textual Evidences- details provided by the author to substantiate the text
Types of Textual Evidences
Statistical- proof related to the collection of information that is aggregated and then summarized using
mathematical representation
Testimonial- opinions, statement, or quotations from experts on the topic at hand. Factors
to be considered when evaluating a testimonial evidence
a. Recognition as an expert in the field.
b. Personal experience with the product/service.
c. Financial involvement or stake in the product/service.
Anecdotal- based on a person’s observations of the world, his/her own experiences or stories of other
people.
Analogical- one of the weakest since it only drwas conclusion based on the comparison of something.

LOGICAL FALLACIES
Logical Fallacies are errors of reasoning. These statements make an argument weak by using mistaken beliefs/ideas, invalid
arguments, illogical arguments, and/or deceptiveness

Ad Hominem- Attacking one’s character rather than the issue; an insult is not addressing the concern.
Hasty Generalization- conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence. In other words, you are rushing
to a conclusion before you have all the relevant facts
Ad Populum- This fallacy is all about getting people to do or think something because “everyone else is
doing it” or “everything else thinks this.”
Red Herring an attempt to redirect a conversation away from its original topic. This fallacy is used by
introducing an irrelevant piece of information that distracts the reader or listener.
Poc Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc- this is a conclusion that assumes that if ‘A’ occurred after ‘B’ then ‘B’ must have
caused ‘A.’

ACADEMIC TEXT
Academic Text – is a clear , concise , focused , structured, and backed up by evidence.
 Literature Review- is a search and evaluation of the available literature in your given subject or chosen topic
area. It surveys the literature in your chosen area of study.
Research Report- a detailed presentation of research processes and findings, and it usually includes tables
and graphs.
Project Proposal- a document that is designed to present a plan of action and the reasons for considering
such a plan
Position Paper- presents one side of an arguable opinion about an issue that convinces the audience of its
validity and defensibility.
Book Review – is a critical assessment of a book based on content, style. Plot, author, quality,etc. It is mot a
mere summary but a commentary, because you are allowed to evaluate and to judge an author’s work.
RESUME
Resume – an informational sheet about your qualifications and achievements. It shows your personal and education
background and highlights your skills, talents, abilities, and attributes.
Chronological –Most traditional format. Good for people with steady work history.
Functional – focuses more on skills rather than work experiences. -----List work in reverse
chronological order.
Parts of a Resume
• Heading
• Objective
• Career Profile/Professional Summary
• Summary of Skills
• Work Experience
• Educational Background
• Reference
• Certification
APPLICATION LETTER
Job Application Letter or Cover Letter is a type of personal business correspondence which states your intention to work in
a particular organization. It should be enclosed every time you send your resume.
A College Admission Letter shows your interest in the university while justifying why you are qualified at the same time.
Introduction
1. State who you are and what you are applying for.
2. State an eye-catching statement about yourself that will cause the reader to continue reading your
qualifications.
3. Show your enthusiasm to study in the university you are applying to.
Body
1. Present your academic qualifications, extracurricular involvement, community, activity
engagements, and some personal qualities with specific evidence.
2. Organize your thoughts and segregate them into paragraphs. You may separate paragraphs by
theme tone paragraph for academic qualification and one for extracurricular activities)
3. State the benefits the university can obtain by admitting you. Do not just give facts; explain how
these facts will benefit the university.
Conclusion
1. Indicate your interest for an interview.
2. Indicate how the interviewer can contact you.
3. Express your hope for a positive response from the Admission Director.
4. Say thank you.
Parts of a Business Letter
• Dateline
• Inside Address
• Salutation
• Body
• Complimentary Close
• Signature Block
3 Letter Formats
1. BLOCK FORMAT
-all parts of the letter are aligned to the left.
2. MODIFIED BLOCK FORMAT
-the heading, date, complimentary close, and signature
are placed slightly to the right of the center of the paper.
3. SEMI-BLOCK FORMAT
-the least used format which is similar with modified block except that the paragraphs of the body are indented.

2 KINDS OF APPLICATION LETTER

 SOLICITATED- When one writes an application letter to answer an advertisement.
 UNSOLICITED- When one writes an application letter because somebody told him that an employer is looking for
someone to fill the position.

THREE MAJOR FORMS

 BUSINESS LETTER- is the traditional way of communicating information from one company to another or used in
external correspondence.
 BUSINESS MEMO- is a written communication strictly between the company’s offices to another, or used in
internal correspondence.
 BUSINESS E-MAIL- is a method of exchanging messages between people using electronic devices.