658

Chapter 10 | System Protection

10.10 Reconsider case (b) of Problem 10.5. Let the load impedance 4.9 1 j0.5 V
be the input impedance to a CO-7 induction disc time-delay overcur-
rent relay. The CO-7 relay characteristic is shown in Figure 10.41. For
a tap setting of 4 A and a time dial setting of 2, determine the relay
operating time.

FIGURE 10.41
Problems 10.10
and 10.14

SECTION 10.4
10.11 Evaluate relay coordination for the minimum fault currents in Exam­
ple  10.4. For the selected current tap settings and time dial settings,
(a) determine the operating time of relays at B2 and B3 for the 700-A
fault current. (b) Determine the operating time of relays at Bl and B2
for the 1500-A fault current. Are the fault-to-pickup current ratios ù 2.0
(a requirement for reliable relay operation) in all cases? Are the coordina-
tion time intervals ù 0.3 seconds in all cases?

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 Problems 659

10.12 Repeat Example 10.4 for the following system data. Coordi-
nate the relays for the maximum fault currents.

Maximum Load Symmetrical Fault Current

Bus MVA Lagging p.f. Maximum A Minimum A
1 9.0 0.95 5000 3750
2 9.0 0.95 3000 2250
3 9.0 0.95 2000 1500

Breaker Breaker Operating Time CT Ratio Relay

B1 5 cycles 600:5 CO-8
B2 5 cycles 400:5 CO-8
B3 5 cycles 200:5 CO-8

10.13 Using the current tap settings and time dial settings that you
have selected in Problem 10.12, evaluate relay coordination
for the minimum fault currents. Are the fault-to-pickup cur-
rent ratios ù 2.0, and are the coordination time delays ù 0.3
seconds in all cases?
10.14 An 11-kV radial system is shown in Figure 10.42. Assuming
a CO-7 relay with relay characteristic given in Figure 10.41
and the same power factor for all loads, select relay settings
to protect the system.

FIGURE 10.42
Problem 10.14

SECTION 10.5
10.15 Rework Example 10.5 for the following faults: (a) a three-
phase, permanent fault on the load side of tap 3; (b) a single
line-to-ground, permanent fault at bus 4 on the load side of
the recloser; and (c) a three-phase, permanent fault at bus 4
on the source side of the recloser.

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660 Chapter 10 | System Protection

10.16 A three-phase 34.5-kV feeder supplying a 3.5-MVA load is protected by

80E power fuses in each phase, in series with a recloser. The time-current
characteristic of the 80E fuse is shown in Figure 10.43. Analysis yields
maximum and minimum fault currents of 1000 and 500 A, respectively,
(a) To have the recloser clear the fault, find the maximum clearing time
necessary for recloser operation. (b) To have the fuses clear the fault, find
the minimum recloser clearing time. Assume that the recloser operating
time is independent of fault current magnitude.

FIGURE 10.43
Problem 10.16

SECTION 10.7
10.17 For the system shown in Figure 10.44, directional overcurrent relays are
used at breakers B12, B21, B23, B32, B34, and B43. Overcurrent relays
alone are used at B1 and B4. (a) For a fault at P1, which breakers do not
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 Problems 661

operate? Which breakers should be coordinated? Repeat (a) for a fault at

(b) P2, (c) P3. (d) Explain how the system is protected against bus faults.

FIGURE 10.44
Problem 10.17

SECTION 10.8
10.18 (a) Draw the protective zones for the power system shown in
Figure 10.45. Which circuit breakers should open for a fault at (a) P1,
(b) P2, and (c) P3?

FIGURE 10.45
Problem 10.18

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some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially
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